Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | Cd |
Molecular Weight | 112.411 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[Cd]
InChI
InChIKey=BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/Cd
Molecular Formula | Cd |
Molecular Weight | 112.411 |
Charge | 0 |
Count |
|
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Additional Stereochemistry | No |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Cadmium is a chemical element with symbol Cd and atomic number 48. Its most common oxidation state is +2. Cadmium has no known biological function in higher organisms, but a cadmium-dependent carbonic anhydrase has been found in marine diatoms. In humans, the highest concentration of cadmium is absorbed by the kidneys and up to 30 mg of cadmium is commonly inhaled during childhood and adolescence. Cadmium is under preliminary research for its toxicity in humans, potentially contributing to risks of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and osteoporosis. The most risk of cadmium toxicity is from industrial exposure to inhalation of dust and fumes, or ingestion of soluble cadmium compounds.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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Cadmium induces conformational modifications of wild-type p53 and suppresses p53 response to DNA damage in cultured cells. | 1999 Oct 29 |
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Nrf2, a Cap'n'Collar transcription factor, regulates induction of the heme oxygenase-1 gene. | 1999 Sep 10 |
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Disruption of dioxin-inducible phase I and phase II gene expression patterns by cadmium, chromium, and arsenic. | 2000 Aug |
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Cadmium blocks hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1-mediated response to hypoxia by stimulating the proteasome-dependent degradation of HIF-1alpha. | 2000 Jul |
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Cadmium mutagenicity and human nucleotide excision repair protein XPA: CD, EXAFS and (1)H/(15)N-NMR spectroscopic studies on the zinc(II)- and cadmium(II)-associated minimal DNA-binding domain (M98-F219). | 2000 May |
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Coronary microvascular endothelial cells cosecrete angiotensin II and endothelin-1 via a regulated pathway. | 2000 Sep |
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Cadmium-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis are associated with transcriptional activation of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc proto-oncogenes: role of cellular calcium and reactive oxygen species. | 2001 Jun |
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Alteration of cadmium-induced mutational spectrum by catalase depletion in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells. | 2001 Nov 15 |
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Bisphenol A enhances cadmium toxicity through estrogen receptor. | 2001 Sep |
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Cadmium exposure decreases androgen-dependent metabolism of acetohexamide in liver microsomes of male rats through its testicular toxicity. | 2002 Feb |
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Attenuation of both apoptotic and necrotic actions of cadmium by Bcl-2. | 2002 Jan |
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Role of a copper-specific metallothionein of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, in copper metabolism associated with degradation and synthesis of hemocyanin. | 2002 Jan 15 |
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N-acetylcysteine and celecoxib lessen cadmium cytotoxicity which is associated with cyclooxygenase-2 up-regulation in mouse neuronal cells. | 2002 Jul 12 |
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White-sided dolphin metallothioneins: purification, characterisation and potential role. | 2002 Mar |
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Upregulation of stress response mRNAs in COS-7 cells exposed to cadmium. | 2002 May 24 |
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Protective influence of vitamin E on antioxidant defense system in the blood of rats treated with cadmium. | 2003 |
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Tissue-dependent induction of heme oxygenase-1 and metallothionein-1/2 by methyl methanesulfonate. | 2003 Aug |
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Regulation of metallothionein and zinc transporter expression in human prostate cancer cells and tissues. | 2003 Oct 28 |
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Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and p21 confers resistance to apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells. | 2004 Jan 15 |
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Diversity of metallothioneins in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica, revealed by transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. | 2004 May |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17575404
Rats were intravenously administered doses of 1.34, 2.67, 4.01 mg/kg of Cadmium fluoride. The 24 hour LD50 was determined to be 3.29 mg/kg with severe hepatocellular injury and acute renal failure recorded at 2.67 mg/kg. At doses of 4.01 mg/ kg and higher, there was a marked increase in serum potassium and metabolic acidosis as well as AST and ALT activities greater the 1,500 IU/L.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297607
Human keratinocyte HACAT cells were cultured at 37 deg-C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere in RPMI1640 medium containing 10% FCS, 5000 U/mL penicillin and 2 mM L-glutamine. Cadmium chloride was prepared in distilled water and added to the culture medium to obtain final concentrations of 15, 50, and 100 micro-M. Cell cultures were then incubated for 24 hours then analyzed for apoptotic DNA fragmentation, Caspase-9 activity, Caspase-3 activity, p53 activation, cellular content, and other protein expression levels. Cadmium did not induce apoptotic cell death nor did it increase caspase-9 or caspase-3 activity in HaCaT cells. When HaCaT cells were also treated with 9 micro-g/mL of p553 activator and 100 micro-M Cadmium there was a significant reduction in cell viability from 54% to 28%.
Substance Class |
Chemical
Created
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admin
on
Edited
Fri Dec 15 16:33:31 UTC 2023
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on
Fri Dec 15 16:33:31 UTC 2023
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Record UNII |
00BH33GNGH
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Record Status |
Validated (UNII)
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Record Version |
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C637
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DSLD |
544 (Number of products:8)
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C45383
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WHO-ATC |
D11AC02
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282
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7440-43-9
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23973
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231-152-8
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m2888
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Cadmium
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1362694
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00BH33GNGH
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22977
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300000008080
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C44348
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DB14085
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D002104
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DTXSID1023940
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00BH33GNGH
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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PARENT -> CONSTITUENT ALWAYS PRESENT |
CADMIUM (ng/cigarette)
Canadian = 929.7 SD(201.8)
Imported = 765.8 SD(69.8)
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Related Record | Type | Details | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY |