Lomofungin, a natural product compound first isolated from the soil-dwelling Gram-positive bacteria Streptomyces lomodensis. Lomofungin has a broad antibacterial and antifungal spectrum, being active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, yeasts, and other fungi. It prevents RNA synthesis by a direct interaction with the bacterial DNA-dependent ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase and not with the template or substrate. Lomofungin was identified as an inhibitor of botulinum neurotoxin light chain protease and as a potential therapeutic for myotonic dystrophy type 1. Lomofungin inhibited HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.