Salicortin, a phenolic glycoside, is the dominant secondary metabolites in many plants, including Populus and Salix species, and exerts various biological effects, such as anti-amnesic and anti-adipogenic effects. It was reported that salicortin significantly inhibited iNOS expression and NO production in LPS-stimulated macrophages and microglia. Salicortin suppressed TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression in human endothelial cells. These studies suggest that salicortin has immune-modulatory activity, even though the molecular action mechanism for this activity has not been fully determined. Recently also was dfiscovered that salicortin may be of interest in developments of treatment for osteoclast related diseases by down-regulating JNK and NF-κB/NFATc1 signaling pathways.