Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | CH4N2O2 |
Molecular Weight | 76.0547 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
NC(=O)NO
InChI
InChIKey=VSNHCAURESNICA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/CH4N2O2/c2-1(4)3-5/h5H,(H3,2,3,4)
Hydroxyurea is an oral antimetabolite; inhibits ribonucleotide reductase and DNA synthesis. It is used for resistant chronic myeloid leukemia, locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (excluding lip) in combination with concurrent chemoradiation, and to reduce the frequency of painful crises and the need for blood transfusions in patients with sickle cell anemia with recurrent moderate to severe painful crises. Hydroxyurea, a myelosuppressive agent, is the only effective drug proven to reduce the frequency of painful episodes. It raises the level of HbF and the haemoglobin level. It usually decreases the rate of painful episodes by 50%. It was first tested in sickle cell disease in 1984. It also decreases the rate of ACS episodes and blood transfusions by ~50 % in adults. It was developed as an anticancer drug and has been used to treat myeloproliferative syndromes-leukemia, melanoma, and ovarian cancer. It was approved for use by FDA in adults. Side effects includes neutropenia, bone marrow suppression, elevation of hepatic enzymes, anorexia, nausea, vomiting and infertility.
Approval Year
Doses
AEs
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
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OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
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Drug as perpetrator
Drug as victim
Tox targets
Sample Use Guides
Usual Adult Dose for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
15 mg/kg/day orally as a single dose
Usual Adult Dose for Head and Neck Cancer
15 mg/kg/day orally as a single dose
Usual Adult Dose for Sickle Cell Anemia
15 mg/kg orally once a day; increase 5 mg/kg/day every 12 weeks
Maximum dose: 35 mg/kg/day
Usual Pediatric Dose for Sickle Cell Anemia
2 years and older:
20 mg/kg orally once a day; increase 5 mg/kg/day every 8 weeks or if a painful crisis occurs; increase dosing only if blood counts are in the acceptable range; do not increase dosing if myelosuppression occurs; if blood counts are considered toxic, discontinue therapy until hematologic recovery
Duration of therapy: Give until mild myelosuppression (absolute neutrophil count 2000/microliter to 4000/microliter) is achieved, up to 35 mg/kg/day
Maximum dose: 35 mg/kg/day
Route of Administration:
Oral