Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | K.HO |
Molecular Weight | 56.1056 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[OH-].[K+]
InChI
InChIKey=KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/K.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1
DescriptionSources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904181 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27382594http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB00588Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/sodium_ion | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5107832 | https://www.drugs.com/pro/kayexalate.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2907018
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904181 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27382594http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB00588
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/sodium_ion | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5107832 | https://www.drugs.com/pro/kayexalate.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2907018
Sodium is the primary cation (positive ion) in extracellular fluids in animals and humans. Sodium ions are necessary for regulation of blood and body fluids, transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and certain metabolic functions. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Sodium is needed by animals, which maintain high concentrations in their blood and extracellular fluids, but the ion is not needed by plants. The human requirement for sodium in the diet is less than 500 mg per day, which is typically less than a tenth as much as many diets "seasoned to taste. " Most people consume far more sodium than is physiologically needed. For certain people with salt-sensitive blood pressure, this extra intake may cause a negative effect on health.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
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Target ID: CHEMBL2331043 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28416444 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL2095186 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23284664 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Primary | POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE Approved UseUsed as a softener for nail grooves. Also used as a slide medium in Potassium Hydroxide preparations. Apply to nail in office. Launch Date2010 |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Primary | Kayexalate Approved UseINDICATION AND USAGE
Kayexalate is indicated for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Launch Date1958 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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Hemolysis in dialyzed patients: tap water-induced red blood cell metabolic deficiency. | 1972 |
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Age sensitivity to organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy. Biochemical and toxicological studies in developing chicks. | 1991 May 15 |
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A point mutation at cysteine 189 blocks the water permeability of rat kidney water channel CHIP28k. | 1993 Mar 30 |
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Molecular characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from brain: candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance. | 1994 Dec 20 |
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Determination of the mechanism of free radical generation in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation. | 1994 Sep 30 |
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Cloning and functional expression of a new water channel abundantly expressed in the testis permeable to water, glycerol, and urea. | 1997 Aug 15 |
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Immunolocalization and effect of dehydration on AQP3, a basolateral water channel of kidney collecting ducts. | 1997 Feb |
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Induction of aquaporin 3 by corticosteroid in a human airway epithelial cell line. | 1997 Nov |
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Reactive oxygen species regulate macrophage scavenger receptor type I, but not type II, in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. | 1998 Jun |
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Cloning and functional expression of a new aquaporin (AQP9) abundantly expressed in the peripheral leukocytes permeable to water and urea, but not to glycerol. | 1998 Mar 6 |
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Molecular characterization of a broad selectivity neutral solute channel. | 1998 Sep 18 |
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Cloning and functional expression of rAOP9L a new member of aquaporin family from rat liver. | 1999 Feb |
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Effect of beta-blockers on free radical-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction. | 1999 Jul 27 |
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Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by zinc group metal compounds. | 1999 Sep |
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Aquaporin-1 is expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells and mediates rapid water transport across vascular cell membranes. | 1999 Sep-Oct |
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Cr (VI) increases tyrosine phosphorylation through reactive oxygen species-mediated reactions. | 2001 Jun |
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Comparison of the effects of O2*-/HO* free radical- and copper ions-oxidized LDL or lipoprotein(a) on the endothelial cell releases of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. | 2001 Oct 5 |
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Reduced nephrotoxicity of conventional amphotericin B therapy after minimal nephroprotective measures: animal experiments and clinical study. | 2002 Aug 1 |
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Overexpression of copper zinc superoxide dismutase suppresses human glioma cell growth. | 2002 Feb 15 |
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NKCC activity restores muscle water during hyperosmotic challenge independent of insulin, ERK, and p38 MAPK. | 2003 Mar |
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Interactions of growth inhibitory factor with hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. | 2003 Sep |
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Role of reactive oxygen species and Cr(VI) in Ras-mediated signal transduction. | 2004 Jan |
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[Water permeability of the OMCD and IMCD cells' basolateral membrane under the conditions of dehydration and dDAVP action]. | 2004 Jul |
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Biochemistry. Water photolysis in biology. | 2004 Mar 19 |
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Molecular and functional characterization of a vasotocin-sensitive aquaporin water channel in quail kidney. | 2004 Oct |
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Reversible silencing of CFTR chloride channels by glutathionylation. | 2005 Feb |
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Effect of dioxane on the structure and hydration-dehydration of alpha-chymotrypsin as measured by FTIR spectroscopy. | 2005 Jun 15 |
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The mineralocorticoid receptor: a journey exploring its diversity and specificity of action. | 2005 Sep |
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Inherited sodium avid states. | 2006 Apr |
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The renal medullary endothelin system in control of sodium and water excretion and systemic blood pressure. | 2006 Jan |
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Two distinct aquaporin-4 cDNAs isolated from medullary cone of quail kidney. | 2007 May |
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Tobramycin-induced aquagenic wrinkling of the palms in a patient with cystic fibrosis. | 2009 Jul |
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Ferritin enhances salsolinol-mediated DNA strand breakage: protection by carnosine and related compounds. | 2009 Jul 10 |
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Evidence for the involvement of aquaporins in sperm motility activation of the teleost gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). | 2009 Nov |
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Expression and functional characterization of four aquaporin water channels from the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). | 2009 Sep 1 |
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Molecular mechanisms of how mercury inhibits water permeation through aquaporin-1: understanding by molecular dynamics simulation. | 2010 Apr 21 |
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Aquaporins in the human testis and spermatozoa - identification, involvement in sperm volume regulation and clinical relevance. | 2010 Aug 1 |
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Beneficial effect of agmatine on brain apoptosis, astrogliosis, and edema after rat transient cerebral ischemia. | 2010 Sep 6 |
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Redox cycling and increased oxygen utilization contribute to diquat-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase. | 2011 Apr 1 |
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Testosterone modulates pituitary vasotocin receptor expression and adrenal activity in osmotically stressed chicken. | 2011 Jan |
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Endothelins decrease the expression of aquaporins and plasma membrane water permeability in cultured rat astrocytes. | 2011 Mar |
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Identification and characterization of functional aquaporin water channel protein from alimentary tract of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. | 2011 Mar |
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Inhibition of aquaporin-3 water channel in the colon induces diarrhea. | 2012 |
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Enhanced expression of heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide excitatory effects in oxytocin and vasopressin neurones during water deprivation. | 2012 Apr |
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Estrogen prevents increased hepatic aquaporin-9 expression and glycerol uptake during starvation. | 2012 Feb 1 |
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Effects of flavored mineral waters on AhR-CYP1A1 signaling pathway in primary human hepatocytes and in human hepatic and intestinal cancer cells. | 2012 Jun |
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Investigation of the binding pocket of human hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D2 synthase (hH-PGDS): a tale of two waters. | 2012 Jun 1 |
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A novel aquaporin 3 in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) is not an arsenic channel. | 2012 May |
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Copper(II)-human amylin complex protects pancreatic cells from amylin toxicity. | 2013 Aug 14 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904181
10% Potassium Hydroxide
Route of Administration:
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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CFR |
21 CFR 175.210
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CODEX ALIMENTARIUS (GSFA) |
INS-525
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CFR |
21 CFR 184.1631
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C802
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DSLD |
2853 (Number of products:9)
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JECFA EVALUATION |
INS-525
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1234
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POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
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14797
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m9031
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PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
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C029943
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C28204
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100000091826
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32035
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215-181-3
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1310-58-3
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WZH3C48M4T
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34311
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DB11153
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SUB12560MIG
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WZH3C48M4T
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DTXSID5029633
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CHEMBL2103983
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ACTIVE MOIETY
SUBSTANCE RECORD