Potassium hydroxide

US Approved OTC

First marketed in 1921

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	K.HO
Molecular Weight	56.1056
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

[OH-].[K+]

InChI

InChIKey=KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M

InChI=1S/K.H2O/h;1H2/q+1;/p-1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904181 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27382594http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB00588
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/sodium_ion | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5107832 | https://www.drugs.com/pro/kayexalate.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2907018

Sodium is the primary cation (positive ion) in extracellular fluids in animals and humans. Sodium ions are necessary for regulation of blood and body fluids, transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and certain metabolic functions. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Sodium is needed by animals, which maintain high concentrations in their blood and extracellular fluids, but the ion is not needed by plants. The human requirement for sodium in the diet is less than 500 mg per day, which is typically less than a tenth as much as many diets "seasoned to taste. " Most people consume far more sodium than is physiologically needed. For certain people with salt-sensitive blood pressure, this extra intake may cause a negative effect on health.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Sodium channel alpha subunit 76 Target ID: CHEMBL2331043 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28416444	Substrate 661
Sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase 39 Target ID: CHEMBL2095186 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23284664	Substrate 661

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Nail grooves 10 Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=6eeb7bf1-cfd6-4574-94bb-ff69ec91359f	Primary	Approved 8429	POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE Approved Use Used as a softener for nail grooves. Also used as a slide medium in Potassium Hydroxide preparations. Apply to nail in office. Launch Date 2010
Plane warts 10 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27904181	Primary	Phase II 1132	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Molluscum contagiosum 10 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01348386	Primary	Phase III 656	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Genital warts 14 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27382594	Primary	Phase II 1132	Unknown Approved Use Unknown
Hyperkalemia 11 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2011/011287s023lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	Kayexalate Approved Use INDICATION AND USAGE Kayexalate is indicated for the treatment of hyperkalemia. Launch Date 1958

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Hemolysis in dialyzed patients: tap water-induced red blood cell metabolic deficiency.	1972	4679882
Age sensitivity to organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy. Biochemical and toxicological studies in developing chicks.	1991 May 15	2018554
A point mutation at cysteine 189 blocks the water permeability of rat kidney water channel CHIP28k.	1993 Mar 30	8457558
Molecular characterization of an aquaporin cDNA from brain: candidate osmoreceptor and regulator of water balance.	1994 Dec 20	7528931
Determination of the mechanism of free radical generation in human aortic endothelial cells exposed to anoxia and reoxygenation.	1994 Sep 30	7929072
Cloning and functional expression of a new water channel abundantly expressed in the testis permeable to water, glycerol, and urea.	1997 Aug 15	9252401
Immunolocalization and effect of dehydration on AQP3, a basolateral water channel of kidney collecting ducts.	1997 Feb	9124401
Induction of aquaporin 3 by corticosteroid in a human airway epithelial cell line.	1997 Nov	9374739
Reactive oxygen species regulate macrophage scavenger receptor type I, but not type II, in the human monocytic cell line THP-1.	1998 Jun	9614211
Cloning and functional expression of a new aquaporin (AQP9) abundantly expressed in the peripheral leukocytes permeable to water and urea, but not to glycerol.	1998 Mar 6	9514918
Molecular characterization of a broad selectivity neutral solute channel.	1998 Sep 18	9733774
Cloning and functional expression of rAOP9L a new member of aquaporin family from rat liver.	1999 Feb	10205677
Effect of beta-blockers on free radical-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction.	1999 Jul 27	10421593
Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by zinc group metal compounds.	1999 Sep	10517314
Aquaporin-1 is expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells and mediates rapid water transport across vascular cell membranes.	1999 Sep-Oct	10559675
Cr (VI) increases tyrosine phosphorylation through reactive oxygen species-mediated reactions.	2001 Jun	11678602
Comparison of the effects of O2-/HO free radical- and copper ions-oxidized LDL or lipoprotein(a) on the endothelial cell releases of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.	2001 Oct 5	11681624
Reduced nephrotoxicity of conventional amphotericin B therapy after minimal nephroprotective measures: animal experiments and clinical study.	2002 Aug 1	12134234
Overexpression of copper zinc superoxide dismutase suppresses human glioma cell growth.	2002 Feb 15	11861405
NKCC activity restores muscle water during hyperosmotic challenge independent of insulin, ERK, and p38 MAPK.	2003 Mar	12433675
Interactions of growth inhibitory factor with hydroxyl and superoxide radicals.	2003 Sep	12680700
Role of reactive oxygen species and Cr(VI) in Ras-mediated signal transduction.	2004 Jan	14971653
[Water permeability of the OMCD and IMCD cells' basolateral membrane under the conditions of dehydration and dDAVP action].	2004 Jul	15462210
Biochemistry. Water photolysis in biology.	2004 Mar 19	15031485
Molecular and functional characterization of a vasotocin-sensitive aquaporin water channel in quail kidney.	2004 Oct	15205186
Reversible silencing of CFTR chloride channels by glutathionylation.	2005 Feb	15657297
Effect of dioxane on the structure and hydration-dehydration of alpha-chymotrypsin as measured by FTIR spectroscopy.	2005 Jun 15	15882959
The mineralocorticoid receptor: a journey exploring its diversity and specificity of action.	2005 Sep	15802372
Inherited sodium avid states.	2006 Apr	16580612
The renal medullary endothelin system in control of sodium and water excretion and systemic blood pressure.	2006 Jan	16340664
Two distinct aquaporin-4 cDNAs isolated from medullary cone of quail kidney.	2007 May	17303458
Tobramycin-induced aquagenic wrinkling of the palms in a patient with cystic fibrosis.	2009 Jul	19438544
Ferritin enhances salsolinol-mediated DNA strand breakage: protection by carnosine and related compounds.	2009 Jul 10	19433265
Evidence for the involvement of aquaporins in sperm motility activation of the teleost gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata).	2009 Nov	19571262
Expression and functional characterization of four aquaporin water channels from the European eel (Anguilla anguilla).	2009 Sep 1	19684221
Molecular mechanisms of how mercury inhibits water permeation through aquaporin-1: understanding by molecular dynamics simulation.	2010 Apr 21	20409470
Aquaporins in the human testis and spermatozoa - identification, involvement in sperm volume regulation and clinical relevance.	2010 Aug 1	19840149
Beneficial effect of agmatine on brain apoptosis, astrogliosis, and edema after rat transient cerebral ischemia.	2010 Sep 6	20815926
Redox cycling and increased oxygen utilization contribute to diquat-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase.	2011 Apr 1	21215309
Testosterone modulates pituitary vasotocin receptor expression and adrenal activity in osmotically stressed chicken.	2011 Jan	20850559
Endothelins decrease the expression of aquaporins and plasma membrane water permeability in cultured rat astrocytes.	2011 Mar	21259319
Identification and characterization of functional aquaporin water channel protein from alimentary tract of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci.	2011 Mar	21146609
Inhibition of aquaporin-3 water channel in the colon induces diarrhea.	2012	22687538
Enhanced expression of heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide excitatory effects in oxytocin and vasopressin neurones during water deprivation.	2012 Apr	22060896
Estrogen prevents increased hepatic aquaporin-9 expression and glycerol uptake during starvation.	2012 Feb 1	22114114
Effects of flavored mineral waters on AhR-CYP1A1 signaling pathway in primary human hepatocytes and in human hepatic and intestinal cancer cells.	2012 Jun	22490669
Investigation of the binding pocket of human hematopoietic prostaglandin (PG) D2 synthase (hH-PGDS): a tale of two waters.	2012 Jun 1	22546671
A novel aquaporin 3 in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) is not an arsenic channel.	2012 May	22323512
Copper(II)-human amylin complex protects pancreatic cells from amylin toxicity.	2013 Aug 14	23793354

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

10% Potassium Hydroxide

Route of Administration: Topical

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Name

Type

Language

Potassium hydroxide

Official Name

English

E-525

Code

English

KALI CAUSTICUM

Common Name

English

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE [FCC]

Common Name

English

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE [INCI]

Common Name

English

CAUSTIC-POTASH

Common Name

English

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE [II]

Common Name

English

INS-525

Code

English

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION

Common Name

English

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE [MI]

Common Name

English

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE [JAN]

Common Name

English

INS NO.525

Code

English

KALI CAUSTICUM [HPUS]

Common Name

English

CAUSTIC POTASH

Common Name

English

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE SOLUTION [FCC]

Common Name

English

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE [MART.]

Common Name

English

Potassium hydroxide [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE [HSDB]

Common Name

English

POTASSIUM HYDRATE

Systematic Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

CFR

21 CFR 175.210