Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C12H21N |
Molecular Weight | 179.3018 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 2 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC12CC3CC(C)(C1)CC(N)(C3)C2
InChI
InChIKey=BUGYDGFZZOZRHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C12H21N/c1-10-3-9-4-11(2,6-10)8-12(13,5-9)7-10/h9H,3-8,13H2,1-2H3
DescriptionSources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021487s010s012s014,021627s008lbl.pdfCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9120573
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/021487s010s012s014,021627s008lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9120573
NAMENDA (marketed under the brands Namenda among others) is an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Persistent activation of central nervous system N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by the excitatory amino acid glutamate has been hypothesized to contribute to the symptomatology of Alzheimer’s disease. Memantine is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect through its action as a low to moderate affinity uncompetitive (open-channel) NMDA receptor antagonist which binds preferentially to the NMDA receptor-operated cation channels. There is no evidence that memantine prevents or slows neurodegeneration in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Memantine showed low to negligible affinity for GABA, benzodiazepine, dopamine, adrenergic, histamine and glycine receptors and for voltage-dependent Ca2+, Na+ or K+ channels. Memantine also showed antagonistic effects at the 5HT3 receptor with a potency similar to that for the NMDA receptor and blocked nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with one-sixth to one-tenth the potency. In vitro studies have shown that memantine does not affect the reversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by donepezil, galantamine, or tacrine.
Originator
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15717010
Curator's Comment: Memantine was first synthesized by Eli Lilly and Company and patented in 1968, as documented in the Merck Index, as a derivative of amantadine, an anti-influenza agent.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2094124 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9120573 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | NAMENDA Approved UseNamenda (memantine hydrochloride) is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Launch Date1.0662624E12 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
25.34 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18498913 |
20 mg single, oral dose: 20 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MEMANTINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
19.69 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18498913 |
5 mg 14 times / 2 weeks multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
MEMANTINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
6.2 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18498913 |
5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MEMANTINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1853 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18498913 |
20 mg single, oral dose: 20 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MEMANTINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
386.37 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18498913 |
5 mg 14 times / 2 weeks multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
MEMANTINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
540 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18498913 |
5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MEMANTINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
62 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18498913 |
20 mg single, oral dose: 20 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MEMANTINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
64.57 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18498913 |
5 mg 14 times / 2 weeks multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
MEMANTINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
66.86 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18498913 |
5 mg single, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MEMANTINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
400 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 400 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Restlessness, Psychosis... Other AEs: Restlessness (1 patient) Sources: Psychosis (1 patient) Visual hallucinations (1 patient) Somnolence (1 patient) Stupor (1 patient) Loss of consciousness (1 patient) |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Loss of consciousness | 1 patient | 400 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 400 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Psychosis | 1 patient | 400 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 400 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Restlessness | 1 patient | 400 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 400 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Somnolence | 1 patient | 400 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 400 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Stupor | 1 patient | 400 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 400 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Visual hallucinations | 1 patient | 400 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 400 mg Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: adult Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2003/21-487_Namenda_Bioeqr_P1.pdf#page=12 Page: 12.0 |
no | |||
yes [Ki 236 uM] | ||||
yes [Ki 3.7 uM] | ||||
yes [Ki 7.3 uM] |
Drug as victim
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2003/21-487_Namenda_Pharmr_P1.pdf#page=16 Page: 16.0 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
[Memantine and neurogenic bladder disorders within the bounds of spastic conditions]. | 1982 |
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Methyl parathion acute toxicity: prophylaxis and therapy with memantine and atropine. | 1990 May-Jun |
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Susceptibility of primary human glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive brain cells to human immunodeficiency virus infection in vitro: anti-HIV activity of memantine. | 1991 Jan |
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Inhibition by memantine of the development of persistent oral dyskinesias induced by long-term haloperidol treatment of rats. | 1996 Oct |
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How to overcome resistance of influenza A viruses against adamantane derivatives. | 1998 Feb |
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Anticonvulsant efficacy of N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists against convulsions induced by cocaine. | 1999 May |
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Low affinity channel blocking (uncompetitive) NMDA receptor antagonists as therapeutic agents--toward an understanding of their favorable tolerability. | 2000 |
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Prevention of cocaine-induced convulsions and lethality in mice: effectiveness of targeting different sites on the NMDA receptor complex. | 2000 Jan 28 |
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Effects of the NMDA receptor channel blockers memantine and MRZ 2/579 on morphine withdrawal-facilitated aggression in mice. | 2000 May |
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Uncompetitive antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors alter the mRNA expression of proteins associated with the NMDA receptor complex. | 2001 Feb |
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NMDA antagonists inhibit the development of ethanol dependence in rats. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
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A double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study of memantine in mild to moderate vascular dementia (MMM500). | 2002 Nov |
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Are neuronal nicotinic receptors a target for antiepileptic drug development? Studies in different seizure models in mice and rats. | 2003 Apr 11 |
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The neuropharmacological basis for the use of memantine in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. | 2003 Fall |
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Mechanisms intrinsic to 5-HT2B receptor-induced potentiation of NMDA receptor responses in frog motoneurones. | 2004 Oct |
|
Exacerbation of Lewy bodies dementia due to memantine. | 2005 Dec |
|
Memantine alleviates toxicity induced by dichlorvos in rats. | 2005 Mar |
|
A comparison of the predictive therapeutic and undesired side-effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist, memantine, in mice. | 2005 May |
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Simultaneous liquid chromatographic assay of amantadine and its four related compounds in phosphate-buffered saline using 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole as a fluorescent derivatization reagent. | 2006 May |
|
Exacerbation of myoclonus by memantine in a patient with Alzheimer disease. | 2007 Aug |
|
A retrospective study of memantine in children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disorders. | 2007 Mar |
|
Memantine as adjunctive therapy in children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders: an observation of initial clinical response and maintenance tolerability. | 2007 May |
|
Visual hallucinations and agitation in Alzheimer's disease due to memantine: report of three cases. | 2007 May |
|
[Therapy of Alzheimer's disease: current status and future development]. | 2008 |
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Effects of memantine on neuronal structure and conditioned fear in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. | 2008 Dec |
|
Memantine and NMDA antagonism for chronic migraine: a potentially novel therapeutic approach? | 2008 Feb |
|
Memantine prevents the cognitive impairment induced by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in rats. | 2008 Jul 28 |
|
Memantine for agitation/aggression and psychosis in moderately severe to severe Alzheimer's disease: a pooled analysis of 3 studies. | 2008 Mar |
|
The attenuating effect of memantine on staurosporine-, salsolinol- and doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. | 2008 Mar-Apr |
|
Does memantine induce bradycardia? A study in the French PharmacoVigilance Database. | 2008 Sep |
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Memanti-nium chloride 0.1-hydrate. | 2009 Aug 19 |
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Memantine dosing in patients with dementia. | 2009 Feb |
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Role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in polychlorinated biphenyl mediated neurotoxicity. | 2009 Jan 10 |
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Treatment of acquired periodic alternating nystagmus with memantine: a case report. | 2009 Mar-Apr |
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[Effects of electroacupuncture on expression of Abeta positive cells of the hippocampus and SOD activity in rats with streptozocin-Alzheimer's disease]. | 2010 Dec |
|
Memantine ameliorates scopolamine-induced amnesia in chicks trained on taste-avoidance learning. | 2010 May |
|
Sensitive and rapid HPLC method for determination of memantine in human plasma using OPA derivatization and fluorescence detection: application to pharmacokinetic studies. | 2010 Oct-Dec |
|
Memantine prevents aluminum-induced cognitive deficit in rats. | 2011 Nov 20 |
|
The role of memantine in the treatment of psychiatric disorders other than the dementias: a review of current preclinical and clinical evidence. | 2012 Aug 1 |
|
Glial activation and post-synaptic neurotoxicity: the key events in Streptozotocin (ICV) induced memory impairment in rats. | 2014 Feb |
Sample Use Guides
Initial dose is 5 mg once daily. Increase dose in 5 mg increments to a maintenance dose of 10 mg twice daily. A minimum of 1 week of treatment with the previous dose should be observed before increasing the dose.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948208
Neuronal SK-N-SH cells were treated with 10 uM memantine and was measured levels of secreted total A beta precursor protein APP (sAPP), APP alpha isoform and A beta((1-40)) in a time dependent manner for up to 24h. Memantine significantly decreased the levels of the secreted form of sAPP, sAPP alpha and A beta((1-40)) compared to vehicle treated cells.
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C1509
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NDF-RT |
N0000020015
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C38149
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WHO-ATC |
N06DX01
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WHO-ATC |
N06DA52
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WHO-VATC |
QN06DA52
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NDF-RT |
N0000175745
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WHO-VATC |
QN06DX01
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LIVERTOX |
NBK547981
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WHO-ATC |
N06DA53
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NDF-RT |
N0000020015
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EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS |
NEMDATINE (AUTHORIZED: ALZHEIMER DISEASE)
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W8O17SJF3T
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6719
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3952
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19982-08-2
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DTXSID5045174
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7327
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4253
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C73269
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NCT03527472
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PRIMARY | Memantine for the Treatment of Cognitive Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (ClearMEMory) | ||
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4054
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757843
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SUB08731MIG
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W8O17SJF3T
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DB01043
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MEMANTINE
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M7167
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PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
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D008559
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CHEMBL807
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64312
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ACTIVE MOIETY
METABOLITE INACTIVE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)