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Details

Stereochemistry RACEMIC
Molecular Formula C9H8ClN5S.C3H6O3
Molecular Weight 343.789
Optical Activity ( + / - )
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 1
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of TIZANIDINE LACTATE

SMILES

CC(O)C(O)=O.ClC1=C(NC2=NCCN2)C3=NSN=C3C=C1

InChI

InChIKey=LIVDAGUZLLMLHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C9H8ClN5S.C3H6O3/c10-5-1-2-6-8(15-16-14-6)7(5)13-9-11-3-4-12-9;1-2(4)3(5)6/h1-2H,3-4H2,(H2,11,12,13);2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00697 | https://www.drugs.com/tizanidine.html | http://reference.medscape.com/drug/zanaflex-tizanidine-343071

Tizanidine is a short-acting drug for the management of spasticity. Tizanidine is an agonist at a2-adrenergic receptor sites and presumably reduces spasticity by increasing presynaptic inhibition of motor neurons. In animal models, tizanidine has no direct effect on skeletal muscle fibers or the neuromuscular junction, and no major effect on monosynaptic spinal reflexes. The effects of tizanidine are greatest on polysynaptic pathways. The overall effect of these actions is thought to reduce facilitation of spinal motor neurons. Side effects include dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, nervousness, hallucinations, depression, vomiting, dry mouth, constipation, diarrhea, stomach pain, heartburn, increased muscle spasms, back pain, rash, sweating, and a tingling sensation in the arms, legs, hands, and feet.

Approval Year

TargetsConditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
ZANAFLEX

Approved Use

Tizanidine is a central alpha-2-adrenergic agonist indicated for the management of spasticity. Because of the short duration of therapeutic effect, treatment with tizanidine should be reserved for those daily activities and times when relief of spasticity is most important [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)

Launch Date

1996
Primary
ZANAFLEX

Approved Use

Tizanidine is a central alpha-2-adrenergic agonist indicated for the management of spasticity. Because of the short duration of therapeutic effect, treatment with tizanidine should be reserved for those daily activities and times when relief of spasticity is most important [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)

Launch Date

1996
Primary
ZANAFLEX

Approved Use

Tizanidine is a central alpha-2-adrenergic agonist indicated for the management of spasticity. Because of the short duration of therapeutic effect, treatment with tizanidine should be reserved for those daily activities and times when relief of spasticity is most important [see Dosage and Administration (2.1)

Launch Date

1996
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
3.1 ng/mL
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TIZANIDINE blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
11 ng/mL
20 mg single, oral
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TIZANIDINE blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
13 ng × h/mL
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TIZANIDINE blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
54 ng × h/mL
20 mg single, oral
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TIZANIDINE blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
2.8 h
5 mg single, oral
dose: 5 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TIZANIDINE blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
3.2 h
20 mg single, oral
dose: 20 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
TIZANIDINE blood
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
19.36 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.716
unhealthy, 18 - 77
n = 51
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Age Group: 18 - 77
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 51
Sources: Page: p.716
Disc. AE: Drowsiness, Fatigue...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Drowsiness (5.9%)
Fatigue (3.9%)
Muscular weakness (3.9%)
Affective disorder (3.9%)
Bradycardia (2%)
Ventricular extrasystoles (2%)
Anxiety (2%)
Sleep disturbance (2%)
Syncope (2%)
Sources: Page: p.716
12 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Sources: Page: p.1
Disc. AE: Hypotension, Liver injury...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Hypotension
Liver injury
Sedation
Hallucinations
Renal impairment
Sources: Page: p.1
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Anxiety 2%
Disc. AE
19.36 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.716
unhealthy, 18 - 77
n = 51
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Age Group: 18 - 77
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 51
Sources: Page: p.716
Bradycardia 2%
Disc. AE
19.36 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.716
unhealthy, 18 - 77
n = 51
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Age Group: 18 - 77
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 51
Sources: Page: p.716
Sleep disturbance 2%
Disc. AE
19.36 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.716
unhealthy, 18 - 77
n = 51
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Age Group: 18 - 77
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 51
Sources: Page: p.716
Syncope 2%
Disc. AE
19.36 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.716
unhealthy, 18 - 77
n = 51
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Age Group: 18 - 77
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 51
Sources: Page: p.716
Ventricular extrasystoles 2%
Disc. AE
19.36 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.716
unhealthy, 18 - 77
n = 51
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Age Group: 18 - 77
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 51
Sources: Page: p.716
Affective disorder 3.9%
Disc. AE
19.36 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.716
unhealthy, 18 - 77
n = 51
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Age Group: 18 - 77
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 51
Sources: Page: p.716
Fatigue 3.9%
Disc. AE
19.36 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.716
unhealthy, 18 - 77
n = 51
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Age Group: 18 - 77
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 51
Sources: Page: p.716
Muscular weakness 3.9%
Disc. AE
19.36 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.716
unhealthy, 18 - 77
n = 51
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Age Group: 18 - 77
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 51
Sources: Page: p.716
Drowsiness 5.9%
Disc. AE
19.36 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral (mean)
Recommended
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 19.36 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.716
unhealthy, 18 - 77
n = 51
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Age Group: 18 - 77
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 51
Sources: Page: p.716
Hallucinations Disc. AE
12 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Sources: Page: p.1
Hypotension Disc. AE
12 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Sources: Page: p.1
Liver injury Disc. AE
12 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Sources: Page: p.1
Renal impairment Disc. AE
12 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Sources: Page: p.1
Sedation Disc. AE
12 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 12 mg, 3 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Spasticity
Sources: Page: p.1
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Development of a simple spasticity quantification method: effects of tizanidine on spasticity in patients with sequelae of cerebrovascular disease.
1992 Feb
Scopolamine-induced convulsions in food given fasted mice: effects of clonidine and tizanidine.
1999 Jun
Hypotension following the initiation of tizanidine in a patient treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor for chronic hypertension.
2000 Dec
An open-label dose-titration study of the efficacy and tolerability of tizanidine hydrochloride tablets in the prophylaxis of chronic daily headache.
2001 Apr
Antagonistic effects of selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists MDL73005EF and tamsulosin and partial agonists clonidine and tizanidine in rat thoracic aorta and rabbit iliac artery.
2001 Jan
Spasticity: a rehabilitation challenge in the elderly.
2001 Nov-Dec
Clinical effectiveness of oral treatments for spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.
2002 Aug
Low-dose tizanidine with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for detoxification from analgesic rebound headache.
2002 Mar
Treatments for spasticity and pain in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.
2003
Anti-spasticity agents for multiple sclerosis.
2003
Eosinophilic exudative pleural effusion after initiation of tizanidine treatment: a case report.
2003 Mar
Tizanidine is not a cure for chronic daily headache.
2003 Mar
High-dose tizanidine abuse.
2003 Summer
Effect of oral tizanidine on local-anesthetic infiltration pain during epidural catheterization.
2004 Apr
Validated semiquantitative/quantitative screening of 51 drugs in whole blood as silylated derivatives by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry and gas chromatography electron capture detection.
2004 Jul 5
Preventive migraine therapy: what is new.
2004 Oct
Application of HPLC and HPTLC for the simultaneous determination of tizanidine and rofecoxib in pharmaceutical dosage form.
2005 Feb 7
Prediction of genotoxicity of chemical compounds by statistical learning methods.
2005 Jun
[Therapy of pain syndromes in multiple sclerosis -- an overview with evidence-based recommendations].
2005 May
[The usefulness of tizanidine. A one-year follow-up of the treatment of spasticity in infantile cerebral palsy].
2006 Aug 1-15
Combination of tizanidine and amitriptyline in the prophylaxis of chronic tension-type headache: evaluation of efficacy and impact on quality of life.
2006 Feb
Rofecoxib is a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2: studies with tizanidine and caffeine in healthy subjects.
2006 Sep
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Recommended starting dose: 2 mg; dose can be repeated at 6 to 8 hour intervals, up to a maximum of 3 doses in 24 hours Dosage can be increased by 2 mg to 4 mg per dose, with 1 to 4 days between increases; total daily dose should not exceed 36 mg Tizanidine pharmacokinetics differs between tablets and capsules, and when taken with or without food. These differences could result in a change in tolerability and control of symptoms To discontinue Zanaflex, decrease dose slowly to minimize the risk of withdrawal and rebound hypertension, tachycardia, and hypertonia
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Male Wi star rats (300-350g) were decapitated and the kidneys were rapidly removed. The kidneys were minced in ice-cold 50 mM Tris-HCI, 5 mM EDTA (pH 7.7) and then homogenized by a polytron. The homogenate was filtered through 4 layers of silk gauze. and centrifuged at 40,000 X g for 13 min. The pellet was resuspended in 50 mM Tris-HCI, 25 mM NaCI buffer (pH 7.7), incubated for 30 min at 25°C, and recen trifuged as described above. The final pellet was resuspended in 50 mM Tris-HC1 buffer (pH 7.7) and used for the binding assay. Incubations were performed in duplicate at 25°C for 40 min in a total volume of 1 ml. The incubate consisted of 3H p-aminoclonidine (3H-PAC), a suspension of kidney membranes (approximately 0.55 mg/ml) and either buffer alone or buffer containing Tizanidine. Non-specific binding was defined by parallel incubations containing 10,uM phentolamine. In experiments using adrenaline, all samples contained ascortic acid in a final concentration of 0.01%. Incubations were terminated by vacuum filtration over Whatman GF/C filters by using a cell harvester. The filters were washed with ice-cold Tris-HCI; then the filter-bound radioactivity was determined using a scintillation counter (Aloka, Japan).
Name Type Language
TIZANIDINE LACTATE
Common Name English
TIZANIDINE DL-LACTATE
Common Name English
PROPANOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, COMPD. WITH 5-CHLORO-N-(4,5-DIHYDRO-1H-IMIDAZOL-2-YL)-2,1,3-BENZOTHIADIAZOL-4-AMINE (1:1)
Systematic Name English
Code System Code Type Description
EPA CompTox
DTXSID80909981
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:27 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:27 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
106314-85-6
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:27 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:27 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
U2956E1O7Q
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:27 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:27 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
184639
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:27 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 08:18:27 GMT 2023
PRIMARY