Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C25H48N6O8.H2O |
| Molecular Weight | 578.6993 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O.CC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCNC(=O)CCC(=O)N(O)CCCCCN
InChI
InChIKey=SVIRNNMREPGSLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C25H48N6O8.H2O/c1-21(32)29(37)18-9-3-6-16-27-22(33)12-14-25(36)31(39)20-10-4-7-17-28-23(34)11-13-24(35)30(38)19-8-2-5-15-26;/h37-39H,2-20,26H2,1H3,(H,27,33)(H,28,34);1H2
Deferoxamine (brand name Desferal) an iron chelator, is a drug for the treatment of acute iron intoxication and of chronic iron overload due to transfusion-dependent anemias. Deferoxamine chelates iron by forming a stable complex that prevents the iron entering into further chemical reactions. However, drug may cause hypersensitivity reactions, systemic allergic reactions, and cardiovascular, hematologic and neurological adverse reactions. Serious adverse reactions include significant hypotension and marked body weight loss. Principally plasma enzymes metabolize deferoxamine, but the pathways have not yet been defined. The chelate is readily soluble in water and passes easily through the kidney, giving the urine a characteristic reddish color. Some is also excreted in the feces via the bile.
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2363058 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palliative | DESFERAL Approved UseDeferoxamine Mesylate for Injection, USP is indicated for the treatment of acute iron intoxication and of chronic iron overload due to transfusion-dependent anemias. Acute Iron Intoxication Deferoxamine mesylate is an adjunct to, and not a substitute for, standard measures used in treating acute iron intoxication, which may include the following: induction of emesis with syrup of ipecac; gastric lavage; suction and maintenance of a clear airway; control of shock with intravenous fluids, blood, oxygen, and vasopressors; and correction of acidosis. Chronic Iron Overload Deferoxamine mesylate can promote iron excretion in patients with secondary iron overload from multiple transfusions (as may occur in the treatment of some chronic anemias, including thalassemia). Long-term therapy with deferoxamine mesylate slows accumulation of hepatic iron and retards or eliminates progression of hepatic fibrosis. Iron mobilization with deferoxamine mesylate is relatively poor in patients under the age of 3 years with relatively little iron overload. The drug should ordinarily not be given to such patients unless significant iron mobilization (e.g., 1 mg or more of iron per day) can be demonstrated. Deferoxamine mesylate is not indicated for the treatment of primary hemochromatosis, since phlebotomy is the method of choice for removing excess iron in this disorder. Launch Date1968 |
|||
| Palliative | DESFERAL Approved UseDeferoxamine Mesylate for Injection, USP is indicated for the treatment of acute iron intoxication and of chronic iron overload due to transfusion-dependent anemias. Acute Iron Intoxication Deferoxamine mesylate is an adjunct to, and not a substitute for, standard measures used in treating acute iron intoxication, which may include the following: induction of emesis with syrup of ipecac; gastric lavage; suction and maintenance of a clear airway; control of shock with intravenous fluids, blood, oxygen, and vasopressors; and correction of acidosis. Chronic Iron Overload Deferoxamine mesylate can promote iron excretion in patients with secondary iron overload from multiple transfusions (as may occur in the treatment of some chronic anemias, including thalassemia). Long-term therapy with deferoxamine mesylate slows accumulation of hepatic iron and retards or eliminates progression of hepatic fibrosis. Iron mobilization with deferoxamine mesylate is relatively poor in patients under the age of 3 years with relatively little iron overload. The drug should ordinarily not be given to such patients unless significant iron mobilization (e.g., 1 mg or more of iron per day) can be demonstrated. Deferoxamine mesylate is not indicated for the treatment of primary hemochromatosis, since phlebotomy is the method of choice for removing excess iron in this disorder. Launch Date1968 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
7.4 μM |
10 mg/kg 1 times / day other, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: OTHER co-administered: |
DEFEROXAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
12.9 μM |
100 mg/kg 1 times / day other, intravenous dose: 100 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: OTHER co-administered: |
DEFEROXAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
15.7 μM |
10 mg/kg single, intramuscular dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
DEFEROXAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2.5 μM |
10 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
DEFEROXAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2.7 μM |
100 mg/kg 1 times / day other, intravenous dose: 100 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: OTHER co-administered: |
DEFEROXAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
6.1 μM |
10 mg/kg single, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
DEFEROXAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
7 μM |
10 mg/kg single, intramuscular dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intramuscular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
DEFEROXAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
10.1 μM |
40 mg/kg single, subcutaneous dose: 40 mg/kg route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
DEFEROXAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
354 μM × h |
10 mg/kg 1 times / day other, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: OTHER co-administered: |
DEFEROXAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
3.05 h |
10 mg/kg 1 times / day other, intravenous dose: 10 mg/kg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: OTHER co-administered: |
DEFEROXAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
|
7.59 h |
40 mg/kg single, subcutaneous dose: 40 mg/kg route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
DEFEROXAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
700 mg/kg 1 times / day single, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 700 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 700 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: sickle cell-beta thalassemia Age Group: 17 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Other AEs: Renal failure... |
135 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (mean) Studied dose Dose: 135 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 135 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, meadian age 12 years n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: recurrent neuroblastoma Age Group: meadian age 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 10 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Visual disturbances... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Visual disturbances Sources: |
240 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, meadian age 12 years n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: recurrent neuroblastoma Age Group: meadian age 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 10 Sources: |
DLT: Lethargy, Dizziness... Dose limiting toxicities: Lethargy Sources: Dizziness Blurred vision Leg cramps |
62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
DLT: Aspiration pneumonia... Other AEs: Hyperglycaemia, Vomiting... Dose limiting toxicities: Aspiration pneumonia (33.3%) Other AEs:Hyperglycaemia (grade 1, 16.7%) Sources: Vomiting (grade 1, 16.7%) Fatigue (grade 1, 16.7%) Infection (grade 1, 16.7%) Urinary tract infection (grade 1, 33.3%) Blood pressure decreased (grade 1, 16.7%) Hyponatraemia (grade 1, 16.7%) Agitation (grade 1, 16.7%) Convulsion (grade 1, 16.7%) Headache (grade 1, 16.7%) Lethargy (grade 1, 16.7%) Delirium (grade 1, 16.7%) Depression (grade 1, 16.7%) Respiratory failure (grade 1, 33.3%) Rash (grade 1, 16.7%) Skin irritation (grade 1, 16.7%) Deep vein thrombosis (grade 1, 16.7%) Hypotension (grade 1, 16.7%) |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Renal failure | 700 mg/kg 1 times / day single, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 700 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 700 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 17 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: sickle cell-beta thalassemia Age Group: 17 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
|
| Visual disturbances | Disc. AE | 135 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (mean) Studied dose Dose: 135 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 135 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, meadian age 12 years n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: recurrent neuroblastoma Age Group: meadian age 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 10 Sources: |
| Blurred vision | DLT | 240 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, meadian age 12 years n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: recurrent neuroblastoma Age Group: meadian age 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 10 Sources: |
| Dizziness | DLT | 240 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, meadian age 12 years n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: recurrent neuroblastoma Age Group: meadian age 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 10 Sources: |
| Leg cramps | DLT | 240 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, meadian age 12 years n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: recurrent neuroblastoma Age Group: meadian age 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 10 Sources: |
| Lethargy | DLT | 240 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous Studied dose Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 240 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, meadian age 12 years n = 10 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: recurrent neuroblastoma Age Group: meadian age 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 10 Sources: |
| Aspiration pneumonia | 33.3% DLT |
62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Agitation | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Blood pressure decreased | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Convulsion | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Deep vein thrombosis | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Delirium | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Depression | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Fatigue | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Headache | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Hyperglycaemia | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Hyponatraemia | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Hypotension | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Infection | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Lethargy | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Rash | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Skin irritation | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Vomiting | grade 1, 16.7% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Respiratory failure | grade 1, 33.3% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
| Urinary tract infection | grade 1, 33.3% | 62 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, intravenous MTD Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: intravenous Route: multiple Dose: 62 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, median age 70 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: intracerebral hemorrhage Age Group: median age 70 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 6 Sources: |
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
| Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no [Activation >10 uM] | ||||
| no [Activation >10 uM] | ||||
| no [Activation >10 uM] | ||||
| no [Activation >10 uM] | ||||
| no [Activation >10 uM] | ||||
| yes | ||||
| yes |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Repression of heme oxygenase-1 by hypoxia in vascular endothelial cells. | 2000 May 19 |
|
| Interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide regulate the expression of Nramp2 and increase the uptake of iron from low relative molecular mass complexes by macrophages. | 2000 Nov |
|
| The role of hydroxyl radical as a messenger in Cr(VI)-induced p53 activation. | 2000 Sep |
|
| Hypercalcemia and human nature. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Persistence of delayed adrenarche in boys with thalassemia. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Relationship of fiber surface iron and active oxygen species to expression of procollagen, PDGF-A, and TGF-beta(1) in tracheal explants exposed to amosite asbestos. | 2001 Apr |
|
| A new molecular role for iron in regulation of cell cycling and differentiation of HL-60 human leukemia cells: iron is required for transcription of p21(WAF1/CIP1) in cells induced by phorbol myristate acetate. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Inhibitory effect of YC-1 on the hypoxic induction of erythropoietin and vascular endothelial growth factor in Hep3B cells. | 2001 Apr 15 |
|
| mRNA localization by a 145-nucleotide region of the c-fos 3'--untranslated region. Links to translation but not stability. | 2001 Apr 27 |
|
| Incomplete cerebral infarctions are not silent. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Carbon monoxide is the heme oxygenase product with a pyretic action: evidence for a cGMP signaling pathway. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Inhibition of monocyte and macrophage chemotaxis by hypoxia and inflammation--a potential mechanism. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Radiation sensitization of mammalian cells by metal chelators. | 2001 Feb |
|
| CAS agar diffusion assay for the measurement of siderophores in biological fluids. | 2001 Feb 1 |
|
| 6-formylpterin, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, intracellularly generates reactive oxygen species involved in apoptosis and cell proliferation. | 2001 Feb 1 |
|
| DNA-protein crosslinks induced by nickel compounds in isolated rat lymphocytes: role of reactive oxygen species and specific amino acids. | 2001 Feb 1 |
|
| Desferrioxamine-chelatable iron, a component of serum non-transferrin-bound iron, used for assessing chelation therapy. | 2001 Feb 1 |
|
| The role of oxygen-derived free radicals in augmented relaxations to levcromakalim in the aorta from hypertensive rats. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Improving adherence with deferoxamine regimens for patients receiving chronic transfusion therapy. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Iron chelation: new therapies. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Iron chelation therapy in sickle cell disease. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Progression of iron overload in sickle cell disease. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Oxidized low density lipoprotein induces apoptosis via generation of reactive oxygen species in vascular smooth muscle cells. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Impairment of endothelial nitric oxide production by acute glucose overload. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites modulate fibronectin-induced fibroblast migration in vitro. | 2001 Jan 1 |
|
| Effects of hyperoxia and iron on iron regulatory protein-1 activity and the ferritin synthesis in mouse peritoneal macrophages. | 2001 Jan 12 |
|
| Lipid peroxidation in rat adrenal glands after administration cadmium and role of essential metals. | 2001 Jan 12 |
|
| Magnesium deprivation decreases cellular reduced glutathione and causes oxidative neuronal death in murine cortical cultures. | 2001 Jan 26 |
|
| Up-regulation of apoptosis inhibitory protein IAP-2 by hypoxia. Hif-1-independent mechanisms. | 2001 Jun 1 |
|
| Vanadium-induced nuclear factor of activated T cells activation through hydrogen peroxide. | 2001 Jun 22 |
|
| Classification of Ralstonia pickettii biovar 3/'thomasii' strains (Pickett 1994) and of new isolates related to nosocomial recurrent meningitis as Ralstonia mannitolytica sp. nov. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Pharmacosurveillance and quality of care of thalassaemic patients. A large scale epidemiological survey. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Influence of iron restriction on Chlamydia pneumoniae and C. trachomatis. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Enterobactin: the characteristic catecholate siderophore of Enterobacteriaceae is produced by Streptomyces species.(1). | 2001 Mar 15 |
|
| Heme oxygenase-1 inhibits atherosclerotic lesion formation in ldl-receptor knockout mice. | 2001 Mar 16 |
|
| Atherosclerosis: defeat of the defense? | 2001 Mar 16 |
|
| The role of the FRE family of plasma membrane reductases in the uptake of siderophore-iron in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | 2001 Mar 30 |
|
| Cytosolic xanthine oxidoreductase mediated bioactivation of ethanol to acetaldehyde and free radicals in rat breast tissue. Its potential role in alcohol-promoted mammary cancer. | 2001 Mar 7 |
|
| Asbestos causes apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells: role of iron-induced free radicals. | 2001 May |
|
| The controversial role of deferiprone in the treatment of thalassemia. | 2001 May |
|
| Cellular titration of apoptosis with steady state concentrations of H(2)O(2): submicromolar levels of H(2)O(2) induce apoptosis through Fenton chemistry independent of the cellular thiol state. | 2001 May 1 |
Sample Use Guides
Acute Iron Intoxication:
Intramuscular Administration: This route is preferred and should be used for ALL PATIENTS NOT IN SHOCK: A dose of 1000 mg should be administered initially. This may be followed by 500 mg every 4 hours
for two doses. Depending upon the clinical response, subsequent doses of 500 mg may be administered every 4-12 hours. The total amount administered should not exceed 6000 mg in 24 hours
Intravenous Administration: THIS ROUTE SHOULD BE USED ONLY FOR PATIENTS IN A STATE OF CARDIOVASCULAR COLLAPSE AND THEN ONLY BY SLOW INFUSION. THE RATE OF INFUSION SHOULD NOT EXCEED 15 MG/KG/HR FOR THE FIRST 1000 MG ADMINISTERED. SUBSEQUENT IV DOSING, IF NEEDED, MUST BE AT A SLOWER RATE, NOT TO EXCEED 125 MG/HR: An initial dose of 1000 mg should be administered at a rate NOT TO EXCEED 15 mg/kg/hr. This may be followed by 500 mg over 4 hours for two doses. Depending upon the clinical response, subsequent doses of 500 mg may be administered over 4-12 hours. The total amount administered should not exceed 6000 mg in 24 hours.
CHRONIC IRON OVERLOAD:
SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION: A daily dose of 1000-2000 mg (20-40 mg/kg/day) should be administered over 8-24 hours, utilizing a
small portable pump capable of providing continuous mini-infusion. The duration of infusion must be individualized. In some patients, as much iron will be excreted after a short infusion of 8-12 hours as with the same dose given over 24 hours.
Intravenous Administration: The standard recommended method of Desferal administration is via slow subcutaneous infusion over 8 – 12 hours. In patients with intravenous access, the daily dose of Desferal can be administered intravenously. The standard dose is 20 – 40 mg/kg/day for children and 40–50 mg/kg/day over 8 – 12 hours in adults for 5 – 7 days per week. In children, average doses should not exceed 40 mg/kg/day until growth has ceased. In adults, average doses should not exceed 60 mg/kg/day. The intravenous infusion rate should not exceed 15 mg/kg/hour.
Intramuscular Administration: A daily dose of 500-1000 mg may be administered intramuscularly. The total daily dose should not exceed 1000 mg.
Route of Administration:
Other
In Vitro Use Guide
Curator's Comment: It was investigated the effect of deferoxamine on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Ex vivo cultured stem cells derived from tumor and bone marrow compartment were exposed to Deferoxamine (DFO). It was revealed, that DFO had growth-arresting and apoptosis-inducing effect on tumor-associated MSCs (TAMSCs) and bone marrow MSCs (BMMSCs). DFO also influenced the expression pattern of adhesion molecule VCAM-1 on both TAMSCs and BMMSCs.
Unknown
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73425436
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TX0Z94SJV8
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25442-95-9
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m4133
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PRIMARY | Merck Index |
SUBSTANCE RECORD
