CANDESARTAN

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C24H20N6O3
Molecular Weight	440.454
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CCOC1=NC2=C(N1CC3=CC=C(C=C3)C4=C(C=CC=C4)C5=NN=NN5)C(=CC=C2)C(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=HTQMVQVXFRQIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C24H20N6O3/c1-2-33-24-25-20-9-5-8-19(23(31)32)21(20)30(24)14-15-10-12-16(13-11-15)17-6-3-4-7-18(17)22-26-28-29-27-22/h3-13H,2,14H2,1H3,(H,31,32)(H,26,27,28,29)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/020838s039lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including http://www.japsonline.com/admin/php/uploads/290_pdf.pdf

Candesartan is classified as an angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonist. Candesartan is an orally active lipophilic drug and possesses rapid oral absorption. It causes a reduction in blood pressure and is used in the treatment of hypertension. It is also used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and given as prophylaxis to reduce the severity and duration of migraine. Candesartan cilexetil, a prodrug of Candesartan, is available in the market under the trade names Atacand, Amias. Candesartan cilexetil is rapidly converted to candesartan, its active metabolite, during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Candesartan confers blood pressure lowering effects by antagonizing the hypertensive effects of angiotensin II via the RAAS (renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system). RAAS is a homeostatic mechanism for regulating hemodynamics, water, and electrolyte balance. During sympathetic stimulation or when renal blood pressure or blood flow is reduced, renin is released from granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidneys. Renin cleaves circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I, which is cleaved by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by increasing total peripheral resistance, increasing sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys via aldosterone secretion, and altering the cardiovascular structure. Angiotensin II binds to two receptors: type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) and type-2 angiotensin II receptor (AT2). Candesartan selectively blocks the binding of angiotensin II to AT1 in many tissues including vascular smooth muscle and the adrenal glands. This inhibits the AT1-mediated vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II and results in an overall decrease in blood pressure. Candesartan is greater than 10,000 times more selective for AT1 than AT2.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Type-1 angiotensin II receptor 39 Target ID: CHEMBL227 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/020838s039lbl.pdf	Antagonist 2760

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Hypertension 549 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/020838s039lbl.pdf	Primary		Approved 8360	ATACAND Approved Use Candesartan Cilexetil Tablets are an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) indicated for: •Treatment of hypertension in adults and children 1 to < 17 years of age (1.1). •Treatment of heart failure (NYHA class II-IV); candesartan cilexetil tablets reduces cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization (1.2). 1.1 Hypertension Candesartan cilexetil tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults and children 1 to < 17 years of age. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. 1.2 Heart Failure Candesartan cilexetil tablets is indicated for the treatment of heart failure (NYHA class II-IV) in adults with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤ 40%) to reduce cardiovascular death and to reduce heart failure hospitalizations [see CLINICAL STUDIES (14.2) Launch Date 8.9691842E11
Heart failure 87 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2016/020838s039lbl.pdf	Primary		Approved 8360	ATACAND Approved Use Candesartan Cilexetil Tablets are an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) indicated for: •Treatment of hypertension in adults and children 1 to < 17 years of age (1.1). •Treatment of heart failure (NYHA class II-IV); candesartan cilexetil tablets reduces cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization (1.2). 1.1 Hypertension Candesartan cilexetil tablets are indicated for the treatment of hypertension in adults and children 1 to < 17 years of age. It may be used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents. 1.2 Heart Failure Candesartan cilexetil tablets is indicated for the treatment of heart failure (NYHA class II-IV) in adults with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤ 40%) to reduce cardiovascular death and to reduce heart failure hospitalizations [see CLINICAL STUDIES (14.2) Launch Date 8.9691842E11

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
92 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
61 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
79 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg single, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
55 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg single, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
1152 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
509 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
1359 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg single, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
485 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg single, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
15.7 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
7.1 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
12 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg single, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
6.7 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10192757	8 mg single, oral dose: 8 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL serum	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
1% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2020/020838s041lbl.pdf	unknown, unknown		CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
16 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 16 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 16 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: amlodipine(10 mg/day) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11141435	unhealthy, 41 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 41 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11141435	Disc. AE: Hepatitis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hepatitis (acute, 1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11141435
32 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 32 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12502672	unhealthy, 59 years n = 6 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Type 2 Diabetes Age Group: 59 years Population Size: 6 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12502672	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12502672
23 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 23 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 23 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf	unhealthy, 67 years n = 207 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: heart failure Age Group: 67 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 207 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf	Disc. AE: Hypotension, Hyperkalemia... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hypotension (4.1%) Hyperkalemia (2.4%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf
16 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 16 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 16 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf	Other AEs: Disorder fetal... Other AEs: Disorder fetal Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf
2 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf	unhealthy n = 2350 Health Status: unhealthy Population Size: 2350 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf	Disc. AE: Headache, Dizziness... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Headache (0.6%) Dizziness (0.3%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Hepatitis	acute, 1 patient Disc. AE	16 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 16 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 16 mg, 1 times / day Co-administed with:: amlodipine(10 mg/day) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11141435	unhealthy, 41 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 41 years Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11141435
Hyperkalemia	2.4% Disc. AE	23 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 23 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 23 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf	unhealthy, 67 years n = 207 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: heart failure Age Group: 67 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 207 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf
Hypotension	4.1% Disc. AE	23 mg 1 times / day steady, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 23 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 23 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf	unhealthy, 67 years n = 207 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: heart failure Age Group: 67 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 207 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf
Disorder fetal		16 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Recommended Dose: 16 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 16 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf
Dizziness	0.3% Disc. AE	2 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf	unhealthy n = 2350 Health Status: unhealthy Population Size: 2350 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf
Headache	0.6% Disc. AE	2 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 2 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf	unhealthy n = 2350 Health Status: unhealthy Population Size: 2350 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/020838s036lbl.pdf

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:3347	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:3347
ChemicalBook	CB0209324	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB0209324
MolPort	MolPort-003-845-570	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-003-845-570
MolPort	MolPort-005-943-739	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-005-943-739
Selleck Chemicals	Candesartan(Atacand)	http://www.selleckchem.com/products/Candesartan(Atacand).html
ZINC	ZINC000003782818	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000003782818
eMolecules	32278092	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=32278092
eMolecules	901501	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=901501

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Distinction between surmountable and insurmountable selective AT1 receptor antagonists by use of CHO-K1 cells expressing human angiotensin II AT1 receptors.	1999 Feb	10193788
Binding of the antagonist [3H]candesartan to angiotensin II AT1 receptor-transfected [correction of tranfected] Chinese hamster ovary cells.	1999 Feb 19	10079018
Effect of beta(2)-adrenoceptor activation and angiotensin II on tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 gene transcription in the rat renal resident macrophage cells.	1999 Oct	10525314
The mechanism of action of angiotensin II is dependent on direct activation of vascular smooth muscle carbonic anhydrase I.	2000	11196069
Angiotensin II AT(1) receptor antagonists and platelet activation.	2001	11369820
Efficacy and tolerability of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in dialysis patients using AN69 dialysis membranes.	2001	11174010
Expanded role for ARBs in cardiovascular and renal disease? Recent observations have far-reaching implications.	2001 Apr	11317462
Inhibition of platelet activation in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats: comparison of losartan, candesartan, and valsartan.	2001 Apr	11300653
Temporary treatment of prepubescent rats with angiotensin inhibitors suppresses the development of hypertensive nephrosclerosis.	2001 Apr	11274226
Protective effect of agiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, CV-11974, on ischemia and reperfusion injury of the liver.	2001 Apr 27	11374397
Functional role of endogenous endothelin-1 in congestive heart failure treated with angiotensin II receptor antagonist.	2001 Aug	11564281
Persistent cardiovascular effects of chronic renin-angiotensin system inhibition following withdrawal in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats.	2001 Aug	11518847
[Clinical study of the month. The CALM study assessing the combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin II receptor antagonist in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy].	2001 Feb	11294048
Comparison of candesartan versus enalapril in essential hypertension. Italian Candesartan Study Group.	2001 Feb	11243303
Mechanisms underlying renoprotection during renin-angiotensin system blockade.	2001 Feb	11208610
Alterations of the renin-angiotensin system at the RVLM of transgenic rats with low brain angiotensinogen.	2001 Feb	11208571
Myocardial ischemia activates the JAK-STAT pathway through angiotensin II signaling in in vivo myocardium of rats.	2001 Feb	11162135
Effects of TCV-116 on endothelin-1 and PDGF A-chain expression in angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats.	2001 Jan	11213031
New competition in the realm of renin-angiotensin axis inhibition; the angiotensin II receptor antagonists in congestive heart failure.	2001 Jan	11197588
Renin angiotensin system-dependent hypertrophy as a contributor to heart failure in hypertensive rats: different characteristics from renin angiotensin system-independent hypertrophy.	2001 Jan	11153754
ACE inhibitor and AT1 antagonist blockade of deformation-induced gene expression in the rabbit jugular vein through B2 receptor activation.	2001 Jan	11145934
Glial angiotensinogen regulates brain angiotensin II receptors in transgenic rats TGR(ASrAOGEN).	2001 Jan	11124156
A forced titration study of antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan cilexetil in comparison to losartan: CLAIM Study II.	2001 Jul	11464257
Angiotensin II activates the GFAT promoter in mesangial cells.	2001 Jul	11399656
Case of adrenocorticotropic hormone-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia with possible adrenal hypersensitivity to angiotensin II.	2001 Jun	11572327
Endogenous angiotensin II in the NTS contributes to sympathetic activation in rats with aortocaval shunt.	2001 Jun	11353669
Role of angiotensin II type 1 receptor in the leucocytes and endothelial cells of brain microvessels in the pathogenesis of hypertensive cerebral injury.	2001 Mar	11327634
Effects of angiotensin IV and angiotensin-(1-7) on basal and angiotensin II-stimulated cytosolic Ca2+ in mesangial cells.	2001 Mar 2	11239916
Combination treatment effective option for hypertensive, diabetic patients with microalbuminuria.	2001 Mar 20	11276560
Significance of exaggerated natriuresis after angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade or angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibition in obese Zucker rats.	2001 May-Jun	11380518
Effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist (candesartan) in preventing fatal ventricular arrhythmias in dogs during acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.	2001 Nov	11602819
Effects of all-trans retinoic acid on renin-angiotensin system in rats with experimental nephritis.	2001 Nov	11592949
Ventricular production of natriuretic peptides and ventricular structural remodeling in hypertensive heart failure.	2001 Oct	11593113
TCV-116 stimulates eNOS and caveolin-1 expression and improves coronary microvascular remodeling in normotensive and angiotensin II-induced hypertensive rats.	2001 Oct	11583714
Mechanism of action of angiotensin II in human isolated subcutaneous resistance arteries.	2001 Sep	11522611
Peripheral administration of an angiotensin II AT(1) receptor antagonist decreases the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response to isolation Stress.	2001 Sep	11517166

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Adult Hypertension: 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Adult Hypertension The usual recommended starting dose of ATACAND (candesartan cilexetil) is 16 mg once daily when it is used as monotherapy in patients who are not volume depleted. ATACAND can be administered once or twice daily with total daily doses ranging from 8 mg to 32 mg. Pediatric Hypertension 1 to < 17 Years of Age: Children 1 to < 6 years of age: The dose range is 0.05 to 0.4 mg/kg per day. The recommended starting dose is 0.20 mg/kg (oral suspension). Children 6 to < 17 years of age: For those less than 50 kg, the dose range is 2 to 16 mg per day. The recommended starting dose is 4 to 8 mg. For those greater than 50 kg, the dose range is 4 to 32 mg per day. The recommended starting dose is 8 to 16 mg. Adult Heart Failure: The recommended initial dose for treating heart failure is 4 mg once daily. The target dose is 32 mg once daily, which is achieved by doubling the dose at approximately 2-week intervals, as tolerated by the patient.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Primary cultures of human retinal endothelial cells (EC) were candesartan treatment (1μg/ml).

Name

Type

Language

CANDESARTAN

Official Name

English

Candesartan [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

CV-11974

Code

English

CANDESARTAN [VANDF]

Common Name

English

CANDESARTAN [USAN]

Common Name

English

NSC-759858

Code

English

BLOPRESS

Brand Name

English

CANDESARTAN [MI]

Common Name

English

CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL RELATED COMPOUND G

Common Name

English

candesartan [INN]

Common Name

English

CANDEMORE

Brand Name

English

CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL RELATED COMPOUND G [USP-RS]

Common Name

English

CANDESARTAN [HSDB]

Common Name

English

1H-BENZIMIDAZOLE-7-CARBOXYLIC ACID, 2-ETHOXY-1-((2'-(1H-TETRAZOL-5-YL)(1,1'-BIPHENYL)-4-YL)METHYL)-

Common Name

English

CANDESARTAN CILEXETIL IMPURITY G [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

2-ETHOXY-1-(P-(O-1H-TETRAZOL-5-YLPHENYL)BENZYL)-7-BENZIMIDAZOLECARBOXYLIC ACID

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

WHO-VATC

QC09DB07