Oxygen

First marketed in 1868

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	O2
Molecular Weight	31.9988
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

O=O

InChI

InChIKey=MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/O2/c1-2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183 | https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0

Oxygen is a chemical element with atomic number 8. Diatomic oxygen constitutes 20.8% of the Earth's atmosphere. Diatomic oxygen is used by complex life forms such as animals, in cellular respiration. Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to provide a basis for most modern anaesthetic techniques; to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe haemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma; to aid the resuscitation of the critically ill, when the circulation is impaired; to aid in neonatal resuscitation; to treat acute severe headache in adults diagnosed with cluster headache.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
aerobic respiration 4 Target ID: GO:0009060 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183	Substrate 661

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Acute myocardial infarction 37 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206183	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Normobaric oxygen is widely recommended for patients with acute myocardial infarction. The randomized phase 3 clinical trial, however, did not demonstrate reduction in 1-year all-cause mortality compared to ambient air group.
Acute ischemic stroke 19 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to provide a basis for most modern anesthetic techniques; to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe hemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma.
Cluster headache 10 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to treat acute severe headache in adults diagnosed with a cluster headache.
Carbon monoxide intoxication 2 Sources: https://www.boconline.co.uk/internet.lg.lg.gbr/en/images/mgds-medical-oxygen-compressed410_55836.pdf?v=5.0	Primary	Approved 8429	Unknown Approved Use Medical oxygen is widely used in clinical practice to restore the tissue oxygen tension towards normal by improving oxygen availability in a wide range of conditions such as shock, severe hemorrhage, coronary occlusion, carbon monoxide poisoning, major trauma.

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurements in newborn infants.	1975 Feb	1090895
Analysis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated signaling during physiological hypoxia reveals lack of competition for the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator transcription factor.	1999 Dec	10570039
VEGF expression in an osteoblast-like cell line is regulated by a hypoxia response mechanism.	2000 Apr	10751333
Redox regulation of p53 during hypoxia.	2000 Aug 10	10951577
Tissue hypoxygenation activates the adrenomedullin system in vivo.	2000 Feb	10666155
Chinonin, a novel drug against cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia and reoxygenation.	2000 Feb 21	10657591
Carcinogenic nickel induces genes involved with hypoxic stress.	2000 Jan 1	10646848
Carboxyhemoglobin half-life in carbon monoxide-poisoned patients treated with 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure.	2000 Mar	10713010
Regulation of endothelin-1 gene expression in human microvascular endothelial cells by hypoxia and cobalt: role of hypoxia responsive element.	2000 May	10939628
Bacterial translocation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression in experimental hemorrhagic shock.	2000 Nov	11098977
Induction of adrenomedullin during hypoxia in cultured human glioblastoma cells.	2000 Nov	11032871
Neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes exhibit cardioprotection induced by hypoxic and pharmacologic preconditioning and by transgenic overexpression of human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase.	2000 Oct	11013122
Regulation of diaphragmatic nitric oxide synthase expression during hypobaric hypoxia.	2000 Sep	10956627
Hypoxia induces the expression of a 43-kDa protein (PROXY-1) in normal and malignant cells.	2000 Sep 16	11006124
Dependence of excitotoxic neurodegeneration on mitochondrial aconitase inactivation.	2001 Aug	11520895
Recovery from oxidant-mediated lung injury: response of metallothionein, MIP-2, and MCP-1 to nitrogen dioxide, oxygen, and ozone exposures.	2001 Aug	11498801
Activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 protects cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced oxidative stress through the upregulation of manganese superoxide dismutase.	2001 Aug 28	11524388
Induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression and hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha protein by the oxidative stressor arsenite.	2001 Dec 21	11641398
Hyperoxia inhibits oxidant-induced apoptosis in lung epithelial cells.	2001 Jan 5	11034997
Hypoxia-induced regulation of MAPK phosphatase-1 as identified by subtractive suppression hybridization and cDNA microarray analysis.	2001 Nov 30	11577072
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors attenuate necrotic but not apoptotic neuronal death in experimental models of cerebral ischemia.	2001 Sep	11526447
Hypoxic preconditioning induces changes in HIF-1 target genes in neonatal rat brain.	2001 Sep	11524615
Role of mitochondrial oxidant generation in endothelial cell responses to hypoxia.	2002 Apr 1	11950692
The dietary flavonoid quercetin modulates HIF-1 alpha activity in endothelial cells.	2002 Apr 26	12054621
Increased migration of murine keratinocytes under hypoxia is mediated by induction of urokinase plasminogen activator.	2002 Dec	12485432
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) activation suppresses ischemic induction of Egr-1 and its inflammatory gene targets.	2002 Dec	12468449
Airway chemotransduction: from oxygen sensor to cellular effector.	2002 Dec 15	12471084
Hypoxia and beta 2-agonists regulate cell surface expression of the epithelial sodium channel in native alveolar epithelial cells.	2002 Dec 6	12372821
Adaptive responses to oxidative damage in three mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans (age-1, mev-1 and daf-16) that affect life span.	2002 Nov	12470895
Hyperbaric oxygen for cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.	2002 Nov	12406105
The role of hypoxia-inducible signaling pathway in nickel carcinogenesis.	2002 Oct	12426141
Retinal oxygen: fundamental and clinical aspects.	2003 Apr	12695252
Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by beta2-adrenoceptor activation: role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in renal mesangial cells.	2003 Jan	12608646
Oxygen-regulated expression of the Wilms' tumor suppressor Wt1 involves hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1).	2003 Jul	12738801
Redox regulation of HIF-1alpha levels and HO-1 expression in renal medullary interstitial cells.	2003 Jun	12595275
Hyperbaric oxygen for treating wounds: a systematic review of the literature.	2003 Mar	12611573
Oxygen administration in infants.	2003 Mar	12598492
The cellular oxygen tension regulates expression of the endoplasmic oxidoreductase ERO1-Lalpha.	2003 May	12752442

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Medical oxygen is administered by inhalation through the lungs. The major exception is when a metered supply is fed into the oxygenator of an extracorporeal circulation of a cardiopulmonary by-pass system. For a cluster headache, oxygen should be administered as soon as possible after the onset of the attack, via a non-rebreathing facemask at a flow of 6 to 12 l/min for approximately 15 minutes.

Route of Administration: Respiratory

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Name

Type

Language

Oxygen

Official Name

English

INS NO.948

Code

English

OXYGEN [JAN]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [MART.]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [INCI]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [MI]

Common Name

English

RNS-60 COMPONENT OXYGEN

Code

English

E-948

Code

English

OXYGEN [VANDF]

Common Name

English

INS-948

Code

English

Oxygen [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [GREEN BOOK]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [WHO-IP]

Common Name

English

RNS60 COMPONENT OXYGEN

Code

English

OXYGEN [EP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

MOLECULAR OXYGEN

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [USP MONOGRAPH]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN [HSDB]

Common Name

English

OXYGENIUM [WHO-IP LATIN]

Common Name

English

OXYGEN MOLECULE

Common Name

English

DIOXYGEN

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

LOINC

10236-8