Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C12H18IN.ClH |
Molecular Weight | 335.645 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.CC(C)NC(C)CC1=CC=C([123I])C=C1
InChI
InChIKey=AFLDFEASYWNJGX-FOHXBPHZSA-N
InChI=1S/C12H18IN.ClH/c1-9(2)14-10(3)8-11-4-6-12(13)7-5-11;/h4-7,9-10,14H,8H2,1-3H3;1H/i13-4;
Iofetamine hydrochloride I-123 is a radiopharmaceutical for cerebral perfusion imaging. lofetamine is the N-isopropyl derivative of amphetamine with iodine 123(1123) at the para position to serve
as the tracer. This configuration was systematically
derived by Winchell et al. to provide sufficient brain
uptake and retention for brain imaging, which typically
requires an acquisition time of 25-40 minutes. After
experimental intraarterial injection the drug has a high
extraction ratio (> 90 percent) in the brain. Iofetamine hydrochloride I-123 permits cerebral blood perfusion imaging with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Iofetamine is an amphetamine analog that is rapidly taken up by the lungs, then redistributed principally to the liver and brain. The precise mechanism of localization has not been determined, but is believed to result from nonspecific receptor binding. Brain uptake peaks at 30 minutes postinjection and remains relatively constant through 60 minutes. The drug is metabolized and excreted in the urine, with negligible activity remaining at 48 hours. When compared with CT in stroke patients, visualization may be performed sooner after symptom onset and a larger zone of involvement may be evident with iofetamine. Localization of seizure foci and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may also be possible. As CT has revolutionized noninvasive imaging of brain anatomy, SPECT with iofetamine permits routine cerebral blood flow imaging. Iofetamine hydrochloride I-123 under the brand name Spectamine was approved for use in the United States as a diagnostic aid in determining the localization of and in the evaluation of non-lacunar stroke and complex partial seizures, as well as in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in 1987. However it was discontinued in USA.
CNS Activity
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3492992
Curator's Comment: A lipophilic substance, Iofetamine hydrochloride I-123 crosses the blood-brain barrier and binds to nonspecific high-capacity binding sites.
Originator
Approval Year
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2655294 |
Diagnostic | SPECTAMINE Approved UseEvaluation of stroke.
Localization of seizure foci and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Launch Date1987 |
||
Diagnostic | SPECTAMINE Approved UseEvaluation of stroke.
Localization of seizure foci and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Launch Date1987 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3492992
Curator's Comment: Pharmacological actions of iofetamine appear to be
minimal at doses employed for diagnostic imaging.
Typically 111 MBq (3 mCi) is administered, containing
iofetamine 0.45 mg, a dose that has not been associated
with significant pharmacological effect in animals.
Doses above 0.6 mg/kg have caused transient changes
in electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and blood
flow. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2655294
Iofetamine hydrochloride I-123 (5 mCi) was injected into an antecubital vein while the subject was seated with eyes open in a quiet softly lit room. After ten minutes, patients were placed supine using a head
holder to minimize motion. Single photon emission computed tomography was performed with a rotating gamma camera (GE 400 AC), equipped with a long-bore collimator.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
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DTXSID401027502
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m6362
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DBSALT002537
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SUB14254MIG
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ACTIVE MOIETY
SUBSTANCE RECORD