U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry RACEMIC
Molecular Formula C14H18O3
Molecular Weight 234.2909
Optical Activity ( + / - )
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 1
E/Z Centers 1
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of STIRIPENTOL

SMILES

CC(C)(C)C(O)\C=C\C1=CC2=C(OCO2)C=C1

InChI

InChIKey=IBLNKMRFIPWSOY-FNORWQNLSA-N
InChI=1S/C14H18O3/c1-14(2,3)13(15)7-5-10-4-6-11-12(8-10)17-9-16-11/h4-8,13,15H,9H2,1-3H3/b7-5+

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000664/WC500036518.pdf

Stiripentol is an anticonvulsant drug used in the treatment of epilepsy. It recently proved to increase the GABAergic transmission in vitro in an experimental model of immature rat. Clinical studies were based on the fact that STP also acts as an inhibitor of CYP3A4, CYP1A2, and CYP2C19 in vivo in epileptic patients. Side effects are largely due to the increase in plasma concentrations of other anticonvulsants and can be reduced by lowering the dose of those drugs. Nausea and vomiting are particularly noted when used in combination with sodium valproate. It appears to increase the potency of phenobarbital, primidone, phenytoin, carbamazepine, clobazam and diazepam.

CNS Activity

Curator's Comment: Known to be CNS penetrant in rats. Human data not available.

Originator

Curator's Comment: The product was first identified by BIOCODEX, in 1978 with early clinical development starting in 1980s.

Approval Year

TargetsConditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Diacomit

Approved Use

It is indicated for treating severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEI, also know as Dravet's syndrome).

Launch Date

1.00742398E12
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
6.5 mg/L
1000 mg single, oral
dose: 1000 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
STIRIPENTOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FED
2.1 mg/L
500 mg single, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
STIRIPENTOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FED
14 mg/L
2000 mg single, oral
dose: 2000 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
STIRIPENTOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
31 mg × h/L
1000 mg single, oral
dose: 1000 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
STIRIPENTOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FED
8.3 mg × h/L
500 mg single, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
STIRIPENTOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FED
88 mg × h/L
2000 mg single, oral
dose: 2000 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
STIRIPENTOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
7.7 h
1000 mg single, oral
dose: 1000 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
STIRIPENTOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FED
2 h
500 mg single, oral
dose: 500 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
STIRIPENTOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FED
10 h
2000 mg single, oral
dose: 2000 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
STIRIPENTOL plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FED
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 6
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 6
Disc. AE: Status epilepticus, Drowsiness...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Status epilepticus (< 1%)
Drowsiness (< 1%)
Balance impaired NOS (< 1%)
Sialorrhea (< 1%)
Sources: Page: 6
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Other AEs: Nausea, Vomiting...
Other AEs:
Nausea (15%)
Vomiting (9%)
Salivary hypersecretion (6%)
Fatigue (9%)
Pyrexia (6%)
Bronchitis (6%)
Nasopharyngitis (6%)
Weight decreased (27%)
Weight increased (6%)
Decreased appetite (46%)
Somnolence (67%)
Ataxia (27%)
Hypotonia (18%)
Tremor (15%)
Dysarthria (12%)
Agitation (27%)
Insomnia (12%)
Aggression (9%)
Sources: Page: 7
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Balance impaired NOS < 1%
Disc. AE
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 6
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 6
Drowsiness < 1%
Disc. AE
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 6
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 6
Sialorrhea < 1%
Disc. AE
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 6
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 6
Status epilepticus < 1%
Disc. AE
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 6
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 6
Dysarthria 12%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Insomnia 12%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Nausea 15%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Tremor 15%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Hypotonia 18%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Agitation 27%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Ataxia 27%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Weight decreased 27%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Decreased appetite 46%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Bronchitis 6%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Nasopharyngitis 6%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Pyrexia 6%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Salivary hypersecretion 6%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Weight increased 6%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Somnolence 67%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Aggression 9%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Fatigue 9%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
Vomiting 9%
50 mg/kg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg/kg, 1 times / day
Co-administed with::
clobazam
valproate
Sources: Page: 7
unhealthy, mean age 9.2 years
n = 33
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Dravet syndrome
Age Group: mean age 9.2 years
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 33
Sources: Page: 7
OverviewDrug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
no [IC50 130 uM]
no
not significant
not significant
not significant
not significant
not significant
yes [IC50 13 uM]
yes [IC50 14 uM]
yes [IC50 2.34 uM]
yes [IC50 6.6 uM]
yes [IC50 6.8 uM]
yes [IC50 9.2 uM]
yes [IC50 92.1 uM]
yes
yes
yes
Drug as victim

Drug as victim

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
no
no
no
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: Co-administration of clobazam (CYP3A4 substrate) with stiripentol increased concentrations of clobazam by approximately 2-fold and norclobazam (clobazam active metabolite, CYP2C19 substrate) by 5-fold
Page: 14.0
yes
yes (co-administration study)
Comment: Co-administration of clobazam (CYP3A4 substrate) with stiripentol increased concentrations of clobazam by approximately 2-fold and norclobazam (clobazam active metabolite, CYP2C19 substrate) by 5-fold
Page: 14.0
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Stiripentol.
2005 Jul
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Initial dose is 50 mg/kg per day. This may be increased up to 100 mg/kg per day, with a maximum of 4 g/day.
Route of Administration: Oral
stiripentol was found to reduce synaptosomal GABA uptake (IC50 5x10-5) and to slightly increase (+22%) brain concentrations of GABA after “in vivo” administration (300 mg/kg i.p.).
Name Type Language
STIRIPENTOL
EMA EPAR   INN   MART.   MI   USAN   WHO-DD  
USAN   INN  
Official Name English
BCX-2600
Code English
STIRIPENTOL [MI]
Common Name English
STIRIPENTOL [MART.]
Common Name English
Stiripentol [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
STIRIPENTOL [USAN]
Common Name English
DIACOMIT
Brand Name English
STIRIPENTOL [ORANGE BOOK]
Common Name English
1-(1,3-BENZODIOXOL-5-YL)-4,4-DIMETHYL-1-PENTEN-3-OL
Systematic Name English
BCX 2600
Code English
STIRIPENTOL [EMA EPAR]
Common Name English
stiripentol [INN]
Common Name English
STIRIPENTOL [JAN]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 800820
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
EU-Orphan Drug EU/3/01/071
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
WHO-VATC QN03AX17
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C264
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
EMA ASSESSMENT REPORTS DIACOMIT (AUTHORIZED: MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY, JUVENILE)
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
FDA ORPHAN DRUG 266108
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC N03AX17
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
Code System Code Type Description
DRUG CENTRAL
2480
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m10218
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
CAS
137767-55-6
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
R02XOT8V8I
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
2054968
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
INN
3760
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID6049068
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
131206-47-8
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
SUPERSEDED
MESH
C021092
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
49763-96-4
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
NON-SPECIFIC STEREOCHEMISTRY
LACTMED
Stiripentol
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000089171
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
STIRIPENTOL
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
5469
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1983350
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
R02XOT8V8I
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB10654MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB09118
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
256-480-9
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C152433
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
5311454
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 19:15:39 UTC 2023
PRIMARY