ENALAPRILAT ANHYDROUS

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C18H24N2O5
Molecular Weight	348.3936
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	3 / 3
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

C[C@H](N[C@@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=LZFZMUMEGBBDTC-QEJZJMRPSA-N

InChI=1S/C18H24N2O5/c1-12(16(21)20-11-5-8-15(20)18(24)25)19-14(17(22)23)10-9-13-6-3-2-4-7-13/h2-4,6-7,12,14-15,19H,5,8-11H2,1H3,(H,22,23)(H,24,25)/t12-,14-,15-/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including

Enalapril (marketed as Vasotec in the US, Enaladex and Renitec in some other countries) is an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and some types of chronic heart failure. Enalapril, after hydrolysis to enalaprilat, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in human subjects and animals. ACE is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. The beneficial effects of enalapril in hypertension and heart failure appear to result primarily from suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and to decrease aldosterone secretion.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 96 Target ID: CHEMBL1808 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17716647\|https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2984419	Inhibitor 8228		1.94 nM [IC50]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 96 Target ID: CHEMBL1808 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15236580	Inhibitor 8228

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Hypertension 549 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8360	VASOTEC Approved Use Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive. Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials). Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.), Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive., Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials)., Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.) Launch Date 5.04230412E11
Heart failure 87 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8360	VASOTEC Approved Use Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive. Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials). Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.), Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive., Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials)., Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.) Launch Date 5.04230412E11
Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction 5 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8360	VASOTEC Approved Use Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive. Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials). Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.), Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive., Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials)., Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.) Launch Date 5.04230412E11

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
44.27 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
37.61 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRILAT plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
84.9 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
372.6 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRILAT plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
10.75 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
24.73 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRILAT plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	Disc. AE: Pruritus, Glossitis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Pruritus (grade 1-3, 0.7%) Glossitis (grade 1-4, 0.4%) Dry cough (all grades, 1.1%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
10 mg 1 times / day single, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	healthy, mean age 32.4 years n = 51 Health Status: healthy Age Group: mean age 32.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 51 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	Disc. AE: Dysphagia, Hypotension... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Dysphagia (grade 1-2, 2%) Hypotension (grade 1-2, 2%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Dry cough	all grades, 1.1% Disc. AE	22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
Pruritus	grade 1-3, 0.7% Disc. AE	22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
Glossitis	grade 1-4, 0.4% Disc. AE	22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
Dysphagia	grade 1-2, 2% Disc. AE	10 mg 1 times / day single, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	healthy, mean age 32.4 years n = 51 Health Status: healthy Age Group: mean age 32.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 51 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40
Hypotension	grade 1-2, 2% Disc. AE	10 mg 1 times / day single, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	healthy, mean age 32.4 years n = 51 Health Status: healthy Age Group: mean age 32.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 51 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B2-0625	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=19981
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B1-00374	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=20586
AA Blocks	AA005BQ7	https://www.aablocks.com/goods/Goods/detail?id=AA005BQ7
AEchem Scientific Corp., USA	AE1-001393	http://www.aechemsc.com/info_products/AE1-001393.php
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	API-1595	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/API-1595.html
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-00029	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-00029.html
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-11674	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-11674.html
AK Scientific, Inc. (AKSCI)	H013	http://www.aksci.com/item_detail.php?cat=H013
Aaron Chemicals	AR005CHZ	http://www.aaronchem.com/76420-72-9
Achemtek	0104-001269	http://www.achemtek.com/76420-72-9
Alfa Chemistry	76420-72-9	https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/cas_76420-72-9.htm
Ambeed	A373644	https://www.ambeed.com/products/76420-72-9.html
Angene	AGN-PC-0OHT7X	http://www.angenechemical.com/productshow/AGN-PC-0OHT7X.html
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A17.925.010	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A17.925.010
AvaChem Scientific	1676	http://www.avachem.com/productSearch.asp?1676
BLD Pharm	BD44671	http://www.bldpharm.com/products/76420-72-9.html
BioSynth	W-104365	https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/life-science/other-biochemicals/products/W-104365.html
ChemMol	44008660	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/44008660.html
Chemenu	CM124431	http://www.chemenu.com/products/CM124431
Chemodex	E0090	http://www.chemodex.com/products/E0090
Chemspace	CSSB00000040664	https://chem-space.com/CSSB00000040664
Glentham Life Sciences	GP3972	http://www.glentham.com/products/product/GP3972/
Hairui	HR134780	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/76420-72-9.html
LGC Standards	MM0010.01	https://www.lgcstandards.com/US/en/p/MM0010.01
Lab Network	LN01306238	https://labnetwork.com/frontend-app/p/#!/moleculedetails/LN01306238
OChem	6568	http://www.ocheminc.com/index.php?act=psearch&pid=420E729
Sigma-Aldrich	43301_SIAL	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/43301?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Smolecule	S527099	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s527099
TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry)	E1302	http://www.tcichemicals.com/eshop/en/us/commodity/E1302/index.html
THE BioTek	bt-267222	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-267222
Yuhao Chemical	LT5362	http://www.chemyuhao.com/76420-72-9.html
abcr GmbH	AB348847	http://www.abcr.com/shop/en/AB348847
eNovation Chemicals	K71208	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=K71208
iChemical	EBD28670	http://www.ichemical.com/products/76420-72-9.html?utm_source=PubChem&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=product%20catalogs
mcule	MCULE-3507396113	https://mcule.com/MCULE-3507396113/

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Perindopril: an updated review of its use in hypertension.	2001	11398915
The role of angiotensin II receptor antagonists in the management of diabetes.	2001	11333010
The effect duration of candesartan cilexetil once daily, in comparison with enalapril once daily, in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.	2001	11332334
Drug interaction: omeprazole and phenprocoumon.	2001	11313000
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in normotensive diabetic patients with microalbuminuria.	2001	11279757
Modulation of the renin-angiotensin system may alter the adrenocortical regeneration.	2001	11258541
The effects of allicin and enalapril in fructose-induced hyperinsulinemic hyperlipidemic hypertensive rats.	2001 Apr	11336185
Solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography applied to the determination of quinapril and its metabolite quinaprilat in urine.	2001 Apr	11318067
Comparison of a vasopeptidase inhibitor with neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on bradykinin metabolism in the rat coronary bed.	2001 Apr	11300648
Effect of 3 years of antihypertensive therapy on renal structure in type 1 diabetic patients with albuminuria: the European Study for the Prevention of Renal Disease in Type 1 Diabetes (ESPRIT).	2001 Apr	11289051
The effects of angiotensin-II on lipolysis in humans.	2001 Apr	11288044
Abnormal renal medullary response to angiotensin II in SHR is corrected by long-term enalapril treatment.	2001 Apr	11247830
Different potentiating effects of imidapril and enalapril on kaolin-induced writhing reaction in mice.	2001 Apr 13	11350012
Cyclosporine induces myocardial connective tissue growth factor in spontaneously hypertensive rats on high-sodium diet.	2001 Apr 15	11349731
Determination of the antihypertensive drug cilazapril and its active metabolite cilazaprilat in pharmaceuticals and urine by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with photometric detection.	2001 Apr 15	11318420
Efficacy of different drug classes used to initiate antihypertensive treatment in black subjects: results of a randomized trial in Johannesburg, South Africa.	2001 Apr 9	11295959
A simple HPLC method for quantitation of enalaprilat.	2001 Feb	11272325
[ACE inhibition in patients with myocardial infarct and ventricular dysfunction: inappropriate application of therapy standards in patient samples].	2001 Feb	11262999
New insights in the pathophysiology of mitral and aortic regurgitation in pediatric age: role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy.	2001 Feb	11256536
On glomerular structural alterations in type-1 diabetes. Companions of early diabetic glomerulopathy.	2001 Feb	11253114
Intolerance to ACE-inhibitor drugs.	2001 Feb	11244322
Comparison of candesartan versus enalapril in essential hypertension. Italian Candesartan Study Group.	2001 Feb	11243303
Mortality after coronary artery occlusion in different models of cardiac hypertrophy in rats.	2001 Feb	11230273
Aldosterone escape during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in essential hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.	2001 Jan-Feb	11277342
Protective role of enalapril for chronic tubulointerstitial lesions of hyperoxaluria.	2001 Jul	11435885
Effect of the drug-matrix on the stability of enalapril maleate in tablet formulations.	2001 Jul	11377072
The quantitative determination of several inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme by CE.	2001 Jul	11377060
Effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat on cardiac endogenous kinins in rats with acute myocardial infarction.	2001 Jun	11390026
Dyslipidemia and hypertension: twin killers in renal vascular disease.	2001 Jun	11382708
Comparison of effects of losartan versus enalapril on fibrinolysis and coagulation in patients with acute myocardial infarction.	2001 Jun 15	11397366
Differential effects of nifedipine and co-amilozide on the progression of early carotid wall changes.	2001 Jun 19	11413085
Heart biometry and allometry in rats submitted to nitric oxide synthesis blockade and treatment with antihypertensive drugs.	2001 Mar	11325065
A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study of losartan and enalapril in patients with essential hypertension.	2001 Mar	11317199
A retrospective analysis comparing the costs and cost effectiveness of amlodipine and enalapril in the treatment of hypertension.	2001 Mar	11301961
Beneficial effects of nicorandil versus enalapril in chronic rheumatic severe mitral regurgitation: six months follow up echocardiographic study.	2001 Mar	11297201
Perioperative administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors decreases the severity and duration of pleural effusions following bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis.	2001 Mar	11293738
Follow-up of renal function in treated and untreated older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators.	2001 Mar	11288822
Management of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.	2001 Mar	11263853
What are 'tissue ACE inhibitors,' and should they be used instead of other ACE inhibitors?	2001 Mar	11263844
A comparative study of morphological changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or a calcium-channel blocker.	2001 Mar	11241424
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosages in elderly patients with heart failure.	2001 Mar	11231438
Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its soluble receptor (SFlt-1) in essential hypertension.	2001 Mar 15	11249912
Does enalapril prevent peritoneal fibrosis induced by hypertonic (3.86%) peritoneal dialysis solution?	2001 Mar-Apr	11330572
Comparison of the angiotensin II type 1-receptor antagonist YM358 and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in rats with cardiac volume overload.	2001 May	11430476
A randomized and double-blind comparison of isradipine and spirapril as monotherapy and in combination on the decline in renal function in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension.	2001 May	11393383
Bradykinin stimulates the release of tissue plasminogen activator in human coronary circulation: effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.	2001 May	11345366
The bladder angiotensin system in female rats: response to infusions of angiotensin I and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat.	2001 May	11342966
Suppression of experimental abdominal aortic aneurysms in the rat by treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.	2001 May	11331849
The effect of ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor antagonist therapy on serum uric acid levels and potassium homeostasis in hypertensive renal transplant recipients treated with CsA.	2001 May	11328912
Contributions of angiotensin II and tumor necrosis factor-alpha to the development of renal fibrosis.	2001 May	11292619

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Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Hypertension: The recommended initial dose in patients not on diuretics is 5 mg once a day. Dosage Adjustment in Hypertensive Patients with Renal Impairment: The usual dose of enalapril is recommended for patients with a creatinine clearance >30 mL/min (serum creatinine of up to approximately 3 mg/dL). For patients with creatinine clearance ≤30 mL/min (serum creatinine ≥3 mg/dL), the first dose is 2.5 mg once daily. The dosage may be titrated upward until blood pressure is controlled or to a maximum of 40 mg daily. Heart Failure: The recommended initial dose is 2.5 mg. The recommended dosing range is 2.5 to 20 mg given twice a day

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Primary cultures of human proximal tubular cells (PTC) and renal cortical fibroblasts (CF) were exposed for 24 h to CyA in the presence or absence of enalaprilat (enalapril is a prodrug that is rapidly metabolized by liver esterases to enalaprilat). Enalaprilat completely reversed the stimulatory effects of CyA on CF collagen synthesis (CyA + enalaprilat 6.40 +/- 0.50% vs. CyA alone 8.33 +/- 0.56% vs. control 6.57 +/- 0.62% vs. enalaprilat alone 5.55 +/- 0.93%, p < 0.05) and PTC secretion of TGFbeta1 (0.71 +/- 0.11, 1.13 +/- 0.09, 0.89 +/- 0.07, and 0.67 +/- 0.09 ng/mg protein/day, respectively, p < 0.05).

Name

Type

Language

ENALAPRILAT ANHYDROUS

Common Name

English

enalaprilat [INN]

Common Name

English

ENALAPRIL DIACID DIHYDRATE ANHYDROUS [MI]

Common Name

English

ENALAPRIL MALEATE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

L-PROLINE, 1-(N-(1-CARBOXY-3-PHENYLPROPYL)-L-ALANYL)-, (S)-

Systematic Name

English

1-(N-((S)-1-CARBOXY-3-PHENYLPROPYL)-L-ALANYL)-L-PROLINE

Systematic Name

English

(2S)-1-((2S)-2-(((1S)-1-CARBOXY-3-PHENYLPROPYL)AMINO)PROPANOYL)PYRROLIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NDF-RT

N0000175562