ENALAPRILAT ANHYDROUS

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C18H24N2O5
Molecular Weight	348.3936
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	3 / 3
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

C[C@H](N[C@@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=LZFZMUMEGBBDTC-QEJZJMRPSA-N

InChI=1S/C18H24N2O5/c1-12(16(21)20-11-5-8-15(20)18(24)25)19-14(17(22)23)10-9-13-6-3-2-4-7-13/h2-4,6-7,12,14-15,19H,5,8-11H2,1H3,(H,22,23)(H,24,25)/t12-,14-,15-/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including

Enalapril (marketed as Vasotec in the US, Enaladex and Renitec in some other countries) is an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and some types of chronic heart failure. Enalapril, after hydrolysis to enalaprilat, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in human subjects and animals. ACE is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. The beneficial effects of enalapril in hypertension and heart failure appear to result primarily from suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and to decrease aldosterone secretion.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 97 Target ID: CHEMBL1808 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17716647\|https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2984419	Inhibitor 8297		1.94 nM [IC50]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 97 Target ID: CHEMBL1808 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15236580	Inhibitor 8297

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Hypertension 567 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	VASOTEC Approved Use Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive. Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials). Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.), Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive., Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials)., Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.) Launch Date 1985
Heart failure 103 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8429	VASOTEC Approved Use Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive. Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials). Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.), Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive., Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials)., Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.) Launch Date 1985
Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction 5 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8429	VASOTEC Approved Use Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive. Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials). Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.), Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive., Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials)., Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.) Launch Date 1985

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
44.27 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
37.61 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRILAT plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
84.9 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
372.6 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRILAT plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
10.75 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
24.73 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRILAT plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	Disc. AE: Pruritus, Glossitis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Pruritus (grade 1-3, 0.7%) Glossitis (grade 1-4, 0.4%) Dry cough (all grades, 1.1%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
10 mg 1 times / day single, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	healthy, mean age 32.4 years n = 51 Health Status: healthy Age Group: mean age 32.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 51 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	Disc. AE: Dysphagia, Hypotension... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Dysphagia (grade 1-2, 2%) Hypotension (grade 1-2, 2%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Dry cough	all grades, 1.1% Disc. AE	22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
Pruritus	grade 1-3, 0.7% Disc. AE	22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
Glossitis	grade 1-4, 0.4% Disc. AE	22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
Dysphagia	grade 1-2, 2% Disc. AE	10 mg 1 times / day single, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	healthy, mean age 32.4 years n = 51 Health Status: healthy Age Group: mean age 32.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 51 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40
Hypotension	grade 1-2, 2% Disc. AE	10 mg 1 times / day single, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	healthy, mean age 32.4 years n = 51 Health Status: healthy Age Group: mean age 32.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 51 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B2-0625	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=19981
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B1-00374	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=20586
AA Blocks	AA005BQ7	https://www.aablocks.com/goods/Goods/detail?id=AA005BQ7
AEchem Scientific Corp., USA	AE1-001393	http://www.aechemsc.com/info_products/AE1-001393.php
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	API-1595	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/API-1595.html
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-00029	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-00029.html
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-11674	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-11674.html
AK Scientific, Inc. (AKSCI)	H013	http://www.aksci.com/item_detail.php?cat=H013
Aaron Chemicals	AR005CHZ	http://www.aaronchem.com/76420-72-9
Achemtek	0104-001269	http://www.achemtek.com/76420-72-9
Alfa Chemistry	76420-72-9	https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/cas_76420-72-9.htm
Ambeed	A373644	https://www.ambeed.com/products/76420-72-9.html
Angene	AGN-PC-0OHT7X	http://www.angenechemical.com/productshow/AGN-PC-0OHT7X.html
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A17.925.010	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A17.925.010
AvaChem Scientific	1676	http://www.avachem.com/productSearch.asp?1676
BLD Pharm	BD44671	http://www.bldpharm.com/products/76420-72-9.html
BioSynth	W-104365	https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/life-science/other-biochemicals/products/W-104365.html
ChemMol	44008660	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/44008660.html
Chemenu	CM124431	http://www.chemenu.com/products/CM124431
Chemodex	E0090	http://www.chemodex.com/products/E0090
Chemspace	CSSB00000040664	https://chem-space.com/CSSB00000040664
Glentham Life Sciences	GP3972	http://www.glentham.com/products/product/GP3972/
Hairui	HR134780	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/76420-72-9.html
LGC Standards	MM0010.01	https://www.lgcstandards.com/US/en/p/MM0010.01
Lab Network	LN01306238	https://labnetwork.com/frontend-app/p/#!/moleculedetails/LN01306238
OChem	6568	http://www.ocheminc.com/index.php?act=psearch&pid=420E729
Sigma-Aldrich	43301_SIAL	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/43301?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Smolecule	S527099	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s527099
TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry)	E1302	http://www.tcichemicals.com/eshop/en/us/commodity/E1302/index.html
THE BioTek	bt-267222	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-267222
Yuhao Chemical	LT5362	http://www.chemyuhao.com/76420-72-9.html
abcr GmbH	AB348847	http://www.abcr.com/shop/en/AB348847
eNovation Chemicals	K71208	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=K71208
iChemical	EBD28670	http://www.ichemical.com/products/76420-72-9.html?utm_source=PubChem&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=product%20catalogs
mcule	MCULE-3507396113	https://mcule.com/MCULE-3507396113/

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Drug interaction: omeprazole and phenprocoumon.	2001	11313000
Modulation of the renin-angiotensin system may alter the adrenocortical regeneration.	2001	11258541
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and AT1-receptor antagonist restore nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and neuronal NOS expression in the adrenal glands of spontaneously hypertensive rats.	2001 Apr	11388639
The effects of allicin and enalapril in fructose-induced hyperinsulinemic hyperlipidemic hypertensive rats.	2001 Apr	11336185
Pressure-independent enhancement of cardiac hypertrophy in natriuretic peptide receptor A-deficient mice.	2001 Apr	11306601
Effect of 3 years of antihypertensive therapy on renal structure in type 1 diabetic patients with albuminuria: the European Study for the Prevention of Renal Disease in Type 1 Diabetes (ESPRIT).	2001 Apr	11289051
Abnormal renal medullary response to angiotensin II in SHR is corrected by long-term enalapril treatment.	2001 Apr	11247830
Efficacy of different drug classes used to initiate antihypertensive treatment in black subjects: results of a randomized trial in Johannesburg, South Africa.	2001 Apr 9	11295959
Abnormality of the myocardial sympathetic nervous system in a patient with Becker muscular dystrophy detected with iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy.	2001 Aug	11452178
[ACE inhibition in patients with myocardial infarct and ventricular dysfunction: inappropriate application of therapy standards in patient samples].	2001 Feb	11262999
New insights in the pathophysiology of mitral and aortic regurgitation in pediatric age: role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy.	2001 Feb	11256536
On glomerular structural alterations in type-1 diabetes. Companions of early diabetic glomerulopathy.	2001 Feb	11253114
Intolerance to ACE-inhibitor drugs.	2001 Feb	11244322
Comparison of candesartan versus enalapril in essential hypertension. Italian Candesartan Study Group.	2001 Feb	11243303
Mortality after coronary artery occlusion in different models of cardiac hypertrophy in rats.	2001 Feb	11230273
Reduction of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia during add-on treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in patients with normal left ventricular function and optimal beta blockade.	2001 Feb	11216965
Modulation of alveolar-capillary sodium handling as a mechanism of protection of gas transfer by enalapril, and not by losartan, in chronic heart failure.	2001 Feb	11216953
Sevelamer hydrochloride (Renagel), a phosphate-binding polymer, does not alter the pharmacokinetics of two commonly used antihypertensives in healthy volunteers.	2001 Feb	11210402
Mechanisms underlying renoprotection during renin-angiotensin system blockade.	2001 Feb	11208610
Acute administration of nicotine impairs the hypotensive responses to bradykinin in rats.	2001 Feb 16	11226399
Control of renin secretion from adrenal gland in transgenic Ren-2 and normal rats.	2001 Feb 28	11223191
Low-dose ACE with alpha- or beta-adrenergic receptor inhibitors have beneficial SHR cardiovascular effects.	2001 Jan	11452337
Volume-weighted mean nuclear volume and numerical nuclear density in the cardiomyocyte following enalapril and verapamil treatment.	2001 Jan	11213841
Acute effects of E-3174, a human active metabolite of losartan, on the cardiovascular system in tachycardia-induced canine heart failure.	2001 Jan	11213032
Aldosterone escape during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in essential hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy.	2001 Jan-Feb	11277342
IgA nephropathy and inhibitors of the renin angiotensin system: is reduction in proteinuria adequate proof of efficacy?	2001 Jul	11431200
Coadministration of losartan and enalapril exerts additive antiproteinuric effect in IgA nephropathy.	2001 Jul	11431176
Remission achieved in chronic nephropathy by a multidrug approach targeted at urinary protein excretion.	2001 Jul	11423757
Effect of the drug-matrix on the stability of enalapril maleate in tablet formulations.	2001 Jul	11377072
Weight reduction and pharmacologic treatment in obese hypertensives.	2001 Jun	11411732
Effects of various antihypertensive drugs on the function of osteoblast.	2001 Jun	11411549
Differential effects of nifedipine and co-amilozide on the progression of early carotid wall changes.	2001 Jun 19	11413085
The influence of chronic antihypertensive treatment on the central pressor response in SHR.	2001 Mar	11325077
Beneficial effects of nicorandil versus enalapril in chronic rheumatic severe mitral regurgitation: six months follow up echocardiographic study.	2001 Mar	11297201
Perioperative administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors decreases the severity and duration of pleural effusions following bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis.	2001 Mar	11293738
Management of asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction.	2001 Mar	11263853
What are 'tissue ACE inhibitors,' and should they be used instead of other ACE inhibitors?	2001 Mar	11263844
A comparative study of morphological changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or a calcium-channel blocker.	2001 Mar	11241424
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosages in elderly patients with heart failure.	2001 Mar	11231438
Strict volume control normalizes hypertension in peritoneal dialysis patients.	2001 Mar	11228184
Late escape from the antiproteinuric effect of ace inhibitors in nondiabetic renal disease.	2001 Mar	11228170
Plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and its soluble receptor (SFlt-1) in essential hypertension.	2001 Mar 15	11249912
Comparison of the angiotensin II type 1-receptor antagonist YM358 and the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril in rats with cardiac volume overload.	2001 May	11430476
Influence of ACE-inhibition on salt-mediated worsening of pulmonary gas exchange in heart failure.	2001 May	11422008
The bladder angiotensin system in female rats: response to infusions of angiotensin I and the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalaprilat.	2001 May	11342966
Contributions of angiotensin II and tumor necrosis factor-alpha to the development of renal fibrosis.	2001 May	11292619
Improved survival with simendan after experimental myocardial infarction in rats.	2001 May 11	11426847
Reversible renal impairment induced by treatment with the angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan in a patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis.	2001 May 17	11388887
Racial differences in the response to drugs--pointers to genetic differences.	2001 May 3	11336055
Lesser response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy in black as compared with white patients with left ventricular dysfunction.	2001 May 3	11333991

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Hypertension: The recommended initial dose in patients not on diuretics is 5 mg once a day. Dosage Adjustment in Hypertensive Patients with Renal Impairment: The usual dose of enalapril is recommended for patients with a creatinine clearance >30 mL/min (serum creatinine of up to approximately 3 mg/dL). For patients with creatinine clearance ≤30 mL/min (serum creatinine ≥3 mg/dL), the first dose is 2.5 mg once daily. The dosage may be titrated upward until blood pressure is controlled or to a maximum of 40 mg daily. Heart Failure: The recommended initial dose is 2.5 mg. The recommended dosing range is 2.5 to 20 mg given twice a day

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Primary cultures of human proximal tubular cells (PTC) and renal cortical fibroblasts (CF) were exposed for 24 h to CyA in the presence or absence of enalaprilat (enalapril is a prodrug that is rapidly metabolized by liver esterases to enalaprilat). Enalaprilat completely reversed the stimulatory effects of CyA on CF collagen synthesis (CyA + enalaprilat 6.40 +/- 0.50% vs. CyA alone 8.33 +/- 0.56% vs. control 6.57 +/- 0.62% vs. enalaprilat alone 5.55 +/- 0.93%, p < 0.05) and PTC secretion of TGFbeta1 (0.71 +/- 0.11, 1.13 +/- 0.09, 0.89 +/- 0.07, and 0.67 +/- 0.09 ng/mg protein/day, respectively, p < 0.05).

Name

Type

Language

ENALAPRILAT ANHYDROUS

Common Name

English

enalaprilat [INN]

Common Name

English

ENALAPRIL DIACID DIHYDRATE ANHYDROUS [MI]

Common Name

English

ENALAPRIL MALEATE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

L-PROLINE, 1-(N-(1-CARBOXY-3-PHENYLPROPYL)-L-ALANYL)-, (S)-

Systematic Name

English

1-(N-((S)-1-CARBOXY-3-PHENYLPROPYL)-L-ALANYL)-L-PROLINE

Systematic Name

English

(2S)-1-((2S)-2-(((1S)-1-CARBOXY-3-PHENYLPROPYL)AMINO)PROPANOYL)PYRROLIDINE-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID

Systematic Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NDF-RT

N0000175562