CLOXACILLIN

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C19H18ClN3O5S
Molecular Weight	435.881
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	3 / 3
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

SMILES

[H][C@]12SC(C)(C)[C@@H](N1C(=O)[C@H]2NC(=O)C3=C(C)ON=C3C4=CC=CC=C4Cl)C(O)=O

InChI

InChIKey=LQOLIRLGBULYKD-JKIFEVAISA-N

InChI=1S/C19H18ClN3O5S/c1-8-11(12(22-28-8)9-6-4-5-7-10(9)20)15(24)21-13-16(25)23-14(18(26)27)19(2,3)29-17(13)23/h4-7,13-14,17H,1-3H3,(H,21,24)(H,26,27)/t13-,14+,17-/m1/s1

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Description

Cloxacillin is a derivative of penicillin for the treatment of broad spectrum of bacterial infections. The drug exerts its action by inhiiting bacterial beta-lactamase (penicillin-binding proteins).

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Bacterial penicillin-binding protein 233	Inhibitor 8,297

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Skin and soft tissue infections 33	Curative	Approved 8,429	TEGOPEN
Respiratory tract infections 85	Curative	Approved 8,429	TEGOPEN
Septic arthritis 4	Curative	Approved 8,429	TEGOPEN
Bacterial osteomyelitis 4	Curative	Approved 8,429	TEGOPEN
Infective endocarditis 5	Curative	Approved 8,429	TEGOPEN
Septicaemia 15	Curative	Approved 8,429	TEGOPEN
Urinary tract infections 205	Curative	Approved 8,429	TEGOPEN
Bacterial otitis 4	Curative	Approved 8,429	TEGOPEN
Meningitis 18	Curative	Approved 8,429	TEGOPEN

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
60 μg/mL	2 g single, intravenous		CLOXACILLIN serum	Homo sapiens

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
310 μg × h/mL	2 g single, intravenous		CLOXACILLIN serum	Homo sapiens

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
43 min	2 g single, intravenous		CLOXACILLIN serum	Homo sapiens

Doses

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Dose	Population	Adverse events
12 g 1 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose	unhealthy, 21 years n = 1	Disc. AE: Agranulocytosis...
12 g 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (median) Studied dose	unhealthy, 66 - 80 years n = 23	Disc. AE: Acute kidney injury...
9.8 g 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (mean) Studied dose	unhealthy, adult n = 54	Other AEs: Neutropenia, Rash...

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AEs

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AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Agranulocytosis	1 patient Disc. AE	12 g 1 times / day steady, intravenous Studied dose	unhealthy, 21 years n = 1
Acute kidney injury	23 patients Disc. AE	12 g 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (median) Studied dose	unhealthy, 66 - 80 years n = 23
Neutropenia	2 patients	9.8 g 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (mean) Studied dose	unhealthy, adult n = 54
Rash	4 patients	9.8 g 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (mean) Studied dose	unhealthy, adult n = 54
Fever	5 patients	9.8 g 1 times / day multiple, intravenous (mean) Studied dose	unhealthy, adult n = 54

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Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
PEPT1 20 OAT3 642 OAT1 599 OAT4 146 BSEP 402	PEPT1 49 P-gp 1,537 PEPT2 32

Drug as perpetrator

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Target	Modality	Activity
PEPT1 22	inhibitor 3,277	weak [Ki 3000 uM]
OAT3 644	inhibitor 3,277	yes [IC50 13 uM]
OAT4 146	inhibitor 3,277	yes [IC50 21 uM]
BSEP 403	inhibitor 3,277	yes [IC50 41.6 uM]
OAT1 603	inhibitor 3,277	yes [IC50 550 uM]

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Drug as victim

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Target	Modality	Activity	Clinical evidence
P-gp 1,537	substrate 3,367	likely	yes (pharmacogenomic study)
PEPT2 32	substrate 3,367	moderate [Ki 950 uM]
PEPT1 49	substrate 3,367	yes

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Sourcing

Sourcing

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Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:49566	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:49566
ChemicalBook	CB7163623	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB7163623
MolPort	MolPort-006-110-156	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-006-110-156
ZINC	ZINC000003875417	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000003875417

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PubMed

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Title	Date	PubMed
[Reversible renal failure in female patients with acute interstitial nephritis caused by cloxacillin].	1992 Dec 7-14	1305739
Cloxacillin-induced acute tubulo interstitial nephritis.	1992 Oct	1421648
Evaluation of diazotized 4-amino-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (ADBA) as a new derivatizing reagent.	2001 Sep	14510132
Influence of failure of primary wound healing on subsequent recurrence of pilonidal sinus. combined prospective study and randomised controlled trial.	2002	12699097
[Effect of subinhibitory levels of selected antibiotics on susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus strains to phagocytosis and killing by rabbit granulocytes].	2002	12650052

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Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Recommended dose for adults is 500 mg four times a day, one for 2-10 y.o. Kids is 250 mg four times a day, children younger than 2 y.o. should take 125 mg of Tegopen four times a day.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

The MIC of the cloxacillin for 5 MRSA (methicillin-resistant S.Aureus) strains were more than 32 (ug/ml), for 1 MRSA strain was more than 128(ug/ml) and for another 4 MRSA strains were above was more than 128 (ug/ml).

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Name

Type

Language

CLOXACILLIN

Official Name

English

CLOXACILLIN [HSDB]

Common Name

English

cloxacillin [INN]

Common Name