U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C8H12N2
Molecular Weight 136.1943
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of PHENELZINE

SMILES

NNCCC1=CC=CC=C1

InChI

InChIKey=RMUCZJUITONUFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C8H12N2/c9-10-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,10H,6-7,9H2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2007/011909s038lbl.pdf

Phenelzine is an irreversible non-selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase. Although the exact mechanism of action has not been determined, it appears that the irreversible, nonselective inhibition of MAO by phenelzine relieves depressive symptoms by causing an increase in the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the neuron. Phenelzine is used for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Has also been used with some success in the management of bulimia nervosa.

Approval Year

TargetsConditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Nardil

Approved Use

Nardil is used for: Treating depression in patients who do not respond well to other medicines.

Launch Date

-2.70345601E11
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
10.14 ng/mL
15 mg single, oral
dose: 15 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PHENELZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
19.8 ng/mL
30 mg single, oral
dose: 30 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PHENELZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
384.2 ng × h/mL
15 mg single, oral
dose: 15 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PHENELZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
9.75 h
15 mg single, oral
dose: 15 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PHENELZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: FASTED
11.6 h
30 mg single, oral
dose: 30 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
PHENELZINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
750 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 750 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 750 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 20
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 20
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Disc. AE: Weakness, Lethargy...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Weakness
Lethargy
Dizziness
Gait abnormal NOS
Restlessness
Grand mal seizure
Hyperreflexia
Coma
Depression central nervous system
Sources:
2760 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 2760 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 2760 mg
Co-administed with::
olanzapine, p.o(50 mg; single)
Sources: Page: p.1007
unhealthy, 23
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 23
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1007
Disc. AE: Depressed level of consciousness, Seizures...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Depressed level of consciousness
Seizures
Tachycardia
Acute myocarditis (grade 5)
Sources: Page: p.1007
225 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 225 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 225 mg
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
unhealthy, 26
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 26
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
Disc. AE: Muscular tone excessive, Hyperthermia...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Muscular tone excessive
Hyperthermia (severe)
Coma
Cardiovascular collapse
Acute renal failure
Hemolysis
Rhabdomyolysis
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
90 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Sources: Page: p.1
Disc. AE: Suicidal ideation...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Suicidal ideation
Sources: Page: p.1
90 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.6
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Sources: Page: p.6
Disc. AE: Crisis hypertensive...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Crisis hypertensive
Sources: Page: p.6
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Coma Disc. AE
750 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 750 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 750 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 20
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 20
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Depression central nervous system Disc. AE
750 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 750 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 750 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 20
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 20
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Dizziness Disc. AE
750 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 750 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 750 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 20
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 20
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Gait abnormal NOS Disc. AE
750 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 750 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 750 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 20
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 20
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Grand mal seizure Disc. AE
750 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 750 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 750 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 20
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 20
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Hyperreflexia Disc. AE
750 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 750 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 750 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 20
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 20
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Lethargy Disc. AE
750 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 750 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 750 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 20
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 20
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Restlessness Disc. AE
750 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 750 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 750 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 20
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 20
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Weakness Disc. AE
750 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 750 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 750 mg
Sources:
unhealthy, 20
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 20
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Depressed level of consciousness Disc. AE
2760 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 2760 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 2760 mg
Co-administed with::
olanzapine, p.o(50 mg; single)
Sources: Page: p.1007
unhealthy, 23
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 23
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1007
Seizures Disc. AE
2760 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 2760 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 2760 mg
Co-administed with::
olanzapine, p.o(50 mg; single)
Sources: Page: p.1007
unhealthy, 23
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 23
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1007
Tachycardia Disc. AE
2760 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 2760 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 2760 mg
Co-administed with::
olanzapine, p.o(50 mg; single)
Sources: Page: p.1007
unhealthy, 23
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 23
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1007
Acute myocarditis grade 5
Disc. AE
2760 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 2760 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 2760 mg
Co-administed with::
olanzapine, p.o(50 mg; single)
Sources: Page: p.1007
unhealthy, 23
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 23
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1007
Acute renal failure Disc. AE
225 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 225 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 225 mg
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
unhealthy, 26
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 26
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
Cardiovascular collapse Disc. AE
225 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 225 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 225 mg
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
unhealthy, 26
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 26
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
Coma Disc. AE
225 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 225 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 225 mg
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
unhealthy, 26
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 26
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
Disseminated intravascular coagulation Disc. AE
225 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 225 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 225 mg
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
unhealthy, 26
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 26
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
Hemolysis Disc. AE
225 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 225 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 225 mg
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
unhealthy, 26
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 26
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
Muscular tone excessive Disc. AE
225 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 225 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 225 mg
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
unhealthy, 26
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 26
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
Rhabdomyolysis Disc. AE
225 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 225 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 225 mg
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
unhealthy, 26
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 26
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
Hyperthermia severe
Disc. AE
225 mg single, oral
Overdose
Dose: 225 mg
Route: oral
Route: single
Dose: 225 mg
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
unhealthy, 26
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Age Group: 26
Sex: F
Population Size: 1
Sources: Page: p.1137/99
Suicidal ideation Disc. AE
90 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.1
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Sources: Page: p.1
Crisis hypertensive Disc. AE
90 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Recommended
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 90 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p.6
unhealthy
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Depression
Sources: Page: p.6
Overview

Overview

Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
no [IC50 >10 uM]
no [IC50 >10 uM]
no
unlikely [IC50 >897.2 uM]
yes [Ki 1.2 uM]
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
yes
Tox targets
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Phenelzine associated peripheral neuropathy--clinical and electrophysiologic findings.
1991 Jun
Abuse of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
1992
The antidepressants fluoxetine, idazoxan and phenelzine alter corticotropin-releasing hormone and tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA levels in rat brain: therapeutic implications.
1992 Feb 14
Depression after cyproheptadine: MAO treatment.
1992 Jun 1
Possible interaction between an MAOI and "ecstasy".
1992 Mar
Nonresponse to first-line pharmacotherapy may predict relapse and recurrence of remitted geriatric depression.
2001
Treatment of social phobia with antidepressants.
2001
Current status of psychotherapeutic interventions for social phobia.
2001
Animal models for the study of antidepressant activity.
2001 Apr
[Liver angiosarcoma in humans: epidemiologic considerations].
2001 Jan-Feb
Influence of different antidepressant drugs on the effect of chronic variable stress on restraint-induced dopamine release in frontal cortex.
2001 Sep
The management of panic disorder.
2002
Effects of psychotropic drugs on seizure threshold.
2002
Remission in major depressive disorder: a comparison of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and control conditions.
2002 Aug
Effects of antidepressants in rats trained to discriminate centrally administered isoproterenol.
2002 Aug
Antidepressants reduce phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity and the mRNA and protein expression of selective PLC beta 1 isozyme in rat brain.
2002 Dec
Effects of the antidepressant/antipanic drug phenelzine and its putative metabolite phenylethylidenehydrazine on extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in the striatum.
2002 Jan 1
The effects of tricyclic antidepressants on breast cancer risk.
2002 Jan 7
Clonidine potentiates the effects of tranylcypromine, phenelzine and two analogues in the forced swimming test in mice.
2002 May
Different effects of phenelzine treatment on EEG topography in waking and sleep in depressed patients.
2002 Sep
Phenelzine efficacy in refractory social anxiety disorder: a case series.
2003
Antioxidant effect of phenelzine on MPP+-induced cell viability loss in differentiated PC12 cells.
2003 Dec
[Classical monoamine oxidase inhibitor: not registered for, but still a place in the treatment of depression].
2003 Oct 4
Mechanism-based inactivation of human cytochrome P4502C8 by drugs in vitro.
2004 Dec
Efficacy of quality criteria to identify potentially harmful information: a cross-sectional survey of complementary and alternative medicine web sites.
2004 Jun 29
Coadministration of phenelzine and methylphenidate for treatment-resistant depression.
2004 Mar
Effect of antidepressants on GABA(B) receptor function and subunit expression in rat hippocampus.
2004 Oct 15
Modafinil augmentation of phenelzine for residual fatigue in dysthymia.
2004 Sep
In vivo evidence for reduced cortical glutamate-glutamine cycling in rats treated with the antidepressant/antipanic drug phenelzine.
2005
Validity of sudden gains in acute phase treatment of depression.
2005 Feb
Shy-Drager syndrome: multisystem atrophy with comorbid depression.
2005 Jan-Feb
Inhibition of monoamine oxidase-A activity in rat brain by synthetic hydrazines: structure-activity relationship (SAR).
2005 Jun
Remission rates with 3 consecutive antidepressant trials: effectiveness for depressed outpatients.
2005 Jun
Cytochrome p450 enzymes mechanism based inhibitors: common sub-structures and reactivity.
2005 Oct
A selective test for antidepressant treatments using rats bred for stress-induced reduction of motor activity in the swim test.
2005 Oct
Traumatic stress: effects on the brain.
2006
Pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder: what does the evidence tell us?
2006
Use of antidepressant medications in relation to the incidence of breast cancer.
2006 Apr 10
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors allow locomotor and rewarding responses to nicotine.
2006 Aug
Serotonin syndrome from the interaction of cyclobenzaprine with other serotoninergic drugs.
2006 Dec
Quetiapine for insomnia associated with refractory depression exacerbated by phenelzine.
2006 Mar
Transdermal selegiline: the new generation of monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
2006 May
Leading the way: advances in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of neuropsychiatric illnesses.
2006 May
13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of alterations in glutamate neurotransmission.
2006 May 15
Increased nicotine self-administration following prenatal exposure in female rats.
2006 Nov
Modeling anxiety-like states: pharmacological characterization of the chick separation stress paradigm.
2006 Nov
Aldehyde load in ischemia-reperfusion brain injury: neuroprotection by neutralization of reactive aldehydes with phenelzine.
2006 Nov 29
Sustained effects of phenelzine and tranylcypromine on orthostatic challenge in antidepressant-refractory depression.
2006 Oct
Antidepressants and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review.
2006 Sep 20
Successful use of phenelzine in treatment-resistant panic disorder.
2007 Feb
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Initial dose: The usual starting dose of NARDIL is one tablet (15 mg) three times a day. Early phase treatment: Dosage should be increased to at least 60 mg per day at a fairly rapid pace consistent with patient tolerance. It may be necessary to increase dosage up to 90 mg per day to obtain sufficient MAO inhibition. Many patients do not show a clinical response until treatment at 60 mg has been continued for at least 4 weeks.
Route of Administration: Oral
20 uM of Phenelzine inactivated all human liver microsomal CYP (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A) but were most potent toward CYP3A and CYP2C19
Name Type Language
PHENELZINE
INN   MI   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN  
Official Name English
PHENETHYLHYDRAZINE
Systematic Name English
HYDRAZINE, (2-PHENYLETHYL)-
Systematic Name English
PHENELZINE [VANDF]
Common Name English
PHENELZINE [MI]
Common Name English
Phenelzine [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
phenelzine [INN]
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C667
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000000184
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
WHO-VATC QN06AF03
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C265
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC N06AF03
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
LIVERTOX NBK548402
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000175744
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
Code System Code Type Description
HSDB
8127
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID2041094
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
8123
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
NCI_THESAURUS
C61888
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MESH
D010624
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00780
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000082231
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
2123
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
51-71-8
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
INN
919
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
7266
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Phenelzine
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
200-117-9
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1089
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
O408N561GF
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
PHENELZINE
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
O408N561GF
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
M8605
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
EVMPD
SUB09757MIG
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
3675
Created by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Thu Jul 06 21:36:22 UTC 2023
PRIMARY