Details
Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C10H14N2O4 |
Molecular Weight | 226.2292 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 1 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
C[C@@](CC1=CC(O)=C(O)C=C1)(NN)C(O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=TZFNLOMSOLWIDK-JTQLQIEISA-N
InChI=1S/C10H14N2O4/c1-10(12-11,9(15)16)5-6-2-3-7(13)8(14)4-6/h2-4,12-14H,5,11H2,1H3,(H,15,16)/t10-/m0/s1
Carbidopa is a competitive inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, is routinely administered with levodopa (LD) for the treatment of the symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (paralysis agitans), postencephalitic parkinsonism, and symptomatic parkinsonism, which may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide intoxication and/or manganese intoxication. Current evidence indicates that symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are related to depletion of dopamine in the corpus striatum. Administration of dopamine is ineffective in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease apparently because it does not cross the blood-brain barrier. However, levodopa, the metabolic precursor of dopamine, does cross the blood- brain barrier, and presumably is converted to dopamine in the brain. When levodopa is administered orally it is rapidly decarboxylated to dopamine in extracerebral tissues so that only a small portion of a given dose is transported unchanged to the central nervous system. For this reason, large doses of levodopa are required for adequate therapeutic effect and these may often be accompanied by nausea and other adverse reactions, some of which are attributable to dopamine formed in extracerebral tissues. Carbidopa inhibits decarboxylation of peripheral levodopa. Carbidopa has not been demonstrated to have any overt pharmacodynamic actions in the recommended doses.
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL1843 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11106255 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Palliative | LODOSYN Approved UseLODOSYN is indicated for use with carbidopa-levodopa or with levodopa in the treatment of the symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (paralysis agitans), postencephalitic parkinsonism, and symptomatic parkinsonism, which may follow injury to the nervous system by carbon monoxide intoxication and/or manganese intoxication. LODOSYN is for use with carbidopa-levodopa in patients for whom the dosage of carbidopa-levodopa provides less than adequate daily dosage (usually 70 mg daily) of carbidopa. LODOSYN is for use with levodopa in the occasional patient whose dosage requirement of carbidopa and levodopa necessitates separate titration of each medication. LODOSYN is used with carbidopa-levodopa or with levodopa to permit the administration of lower doses of levodopa with reduced nausea and vomiting, more rapid dosage titration, and with a somewhat smoother response. However, patients with markedly irregular (“on-off”) responses to levodopa have not been shown to benefit from the addition of carbidopa. Since carbidopa prevents the reversal of levodopa effects caused by pyridoxine, supplemental pyridoxine (vitamin B6), can be given to patients when they are receiving carbidopa and levodopa concomitantly or as carbidopa-levodopa. Launch Date1977 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
108.57 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30295551 |
25 mg single, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: LEVODOPA |
CARBIDOPA plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
559.92 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30295551 |
25 mg single, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: LEVODOPA |
CARBIDOPA plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.09 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30295551 |
25 mg single, oral dose: 25 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: LEVODOPA |
CARBIDOPA plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
64% |
CARBIDOPA plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
inconclusive [IC50 11.9877 uM] | ||||
inconclusive [IC50 30.1116 uM] | ||||
inconclusive [IC50 7.943 uM] | ||||
no [IC50 >10 uM] | ||||
no [IC50 >10 uM] | ||||
no [IC50 >133 uM] | ||||
no [IC50 >133 uM] | ||||
no [IC50 >133 uM] | ||||
no [IC50 >133 uM] | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
yes | ||||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28963435/ |
yes | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28963435/ |
yes | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28963435/ |
yes |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Effect of dopamine agonists and antagonists on the lorazepam withdrawal syndrome in rats. | 2000 Mar |
|
Levodopa induces dyskinesias in normal squirrel monkeys. | 2001 Aug |
|
L-dopa induces dyskinesia in normal monkeys: behavioural and pharmacokinetic observations. | 2001 Aug |
|
L-DOPA and glia-conditioned medium have additive effects on tyrosine hydroxylase expression in human catecholamine-rich neuroblastoma NB69 cells. | 2001 Aug |
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Duodenal levodopa infusion in Parkinson's disease--long-term experience. | 2001 Dec |
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Case report: successful use of rectally administered levodopa-carbidopa. | 2001 Jan |
|
A novel neurodevelopmental syndrome responsive to 5-hydroxytryptophan and carbidopa. | 2001 Jun |
|
Visual acuities after levodopa administration in amblyopia. | 2001 Mar-Apr |
|
Structural insight into Parkinson's disease treatment from drug-inhibited DOPA decarboxylase. | 2001 Nov |
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Dopamine mediates striatal malonate toxicity via dopamine transporter-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species and D2 but not D1 receptor activation. | 2001 Oct |
|
Post-stroke violent adventitial movement responsive to levo-dopa/carbi-dopa therapy. | 2001 Oct |
|
Dopaminergic therapy with carbidopa L-dopa for left neglect after stroke: a case series. | 2001 Sep |
|
Stereoselective effect of (R)- and (S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines on a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. | 2001 Sep 1 |
|
Atypical presentation of dopa-responsive dystonia: generalized hypotonia and proximal weakness. | 2001 Sep 25 |
|
Clinical management of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. | 2001 Winter |
|
Restless legs syndrome in the older adult: diagnosis and management. | 2002 |
|
[The use of amantadine sulfate in combined therapy of Parkinson's disease]. | 2002 |
|
[Serotonin syndrome: report of a fatal case and review of the literature]. | 2002 Apr |
|
Role of adenosine in drug-induced catatonia in mice. | 2002 Aug |
|
Acute dopaminergic challenge tests to assess postural/kinetic tremor of different origin: a case report. | 2002 Aug |
|
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) gene expression in alloxan-induced diabetes in mice. | 2002 Dec |
|
Levodopa-carbidopa with occlusion in older children with amblyopia. | 2002 Dec |
|
Screening for tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency among hyperphenylalaninemia patients in Southern China. | 2002 Feb |
|
Brain catecholamine metabolism in catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)-deficient mice. | 2002 Jan |
|
A double-blind crossover, placebo-controlled study of the adenosine A2A antagonist theophylline in Parkinson's disease. | 2002 Jan-Feb |
|
[Hallucinations caused by paroxetine in combined usage of levodopa-carbidopa]. | 2002 Jun 1 |
|
In vivo metabolism and partitioning of 6-[18F]fluoro-L-meta-tyrosine in whole blood: a unified compartment model. | 2002 Jun 7 |
|
Parkinson's disease. Therapeutic strategies to improve patient function and quality of life. | 2002 Mar |
|
Influence of layer position on in vitro and in vivo release of levodopa methyl ester and carbidopa from three-layer matrix tablets. | 2002 Mar |
|
Levodopa plus carbidopa before physiotherapy increased motor recovery after stroke. | 2002 Mar-Apr |
|
Gender and pramipexole effects on levodopa pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. | 2002 May 14 |
|
Clozapine withdrawal symptoms in a Parkinson's disease patient. | 2002 Nov |
|
Levodopa but not ropinirole induces an internalization of D1 dopamine receptors in parkinsonian rats. | 2002 Nov |
|
Repeated administration of piribedil induces less dyskinesia than L-dopa in MPTP-treated common marmosets: a behavioural and biochemical investigation. | 2002 Sep |
|
Olanzapine: a proarrhythmic drug? | 2002 Sep |
|
Viral encephalitis complicated by neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a 7-year-old girl. | 2003 Apr |
|
Quercetin potentiates L-Dopa reversal of drug-induced catalepsy in rats: possible COMT/MAO inhibition. | 2003 Jun |
|
Commonly used L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitors block monoamine oxidase activity in the rat. | 2003 Mar |
|
Randomized trial of pallidotomy versus medical therapy for Parkinson's disease. | 2003 May |
|
Effect of pulsatile administration of levodopa on dyskinesia induction in drug-naïve MPTP-treated common marmosets: effect of dose, frequency of administration, and brain exposure. | 2003 May |
|
Optimizing levodopa pharmacokinetics: intestinal infusion versus oral sustained-release tablets. | 2003 May-Jun |
|
Parkinsonian speech disfluencies: effects of L-dopa-related fluctuations. | 2003 Spring |
Sample Use Guides
Whether given with carbidopa-levodopa or with levodopa, the optimal daily dose of LODOSYN (CARBIDOPA tablets) must be determined by careful titration. Most patients respond to a 1:10 proportion of carbidopa and levodopa, provided the daily dosage of carbidopa is 70 mg or more a day. The maximum daily dosage of carbidopa should not exceed 200 mg, since clinical experience with larger dosages is limited. If the patient is taking carbidopa-levodopa, the amount of carbidopa in carbidopa-levodopa should be considered when calculating the total amount of LODOSYN to be administered each day.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27609787
It was evaluated the effect of carbidopa on 6-18F-fluoro-3,4-dihydroxy-l-phenylalanine (18F-FDOPA) uptake in the murine β-cell line RIN-m5F. Incubation of RIN-m5F cells with 80 μM carbidopa did not significantly affect the cellular accumulation of 18F-FDOPA.
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C38149
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C66884
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1545982
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DB00190
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28860-95-9
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KR87B45RGH
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34359
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249-271-9
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SUB06126MIG
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C61803
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SUB22639
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DTXSID4022735
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m3068
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KR87B45RGH
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ACTIVE MOIETY
METABOLITE (PARENT)
METABOLITE (PARENT)
PARENT (METABOLITE)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)