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Details

Stereochemistry RACEMIC
Molecular Formula 2C17H23NO3.H2O4S
Molecular Weight 676.817
Optical Activity ( + / - )
Defined Stereocenters 6 / 8
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of ATROPINE SULFATE ANHYDROUS

SMILES

OS(O)(=O)=O.CN1[C@H]2CC[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C2)OC(=O)C(CO)C3=CC=CC=C3.CN4[C@H]5CC[C@@H]4C[C@@H](C5)OC(=O)C(CO)C6=CC=CC=C6

InChI

InChIKey=HOBWAPHTEJGALG-AADVZIIPSA-N
InChI=1S/2C17H23NO3.H2O4S/c2*1-18-13-7-8-14(18)10-15(9-13)21-17(20)16(11-19)12-5-3-2-4-6-12;1-5(2,3)4/h2*2-6,13-16,19H,7-11H2,1H3;(H2,1,2,3,4)/t2*13-,14+,15+,16?;

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68001285 | http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2014/206289s000lbl.pdf

Atropine inhibits the muscarinic actions of acetylcholine on structures innervated by postganglionic cholinergic nerves, and on smooth muscles which respond to endogenous acetylcholine but are not so innervated. As with other antimuscarinic agents, the major action of atropine is a competitive or surmountable antagonism which can be overcome by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine at receptor sites of the effector organ (e.g., by using anticholinesterase agents which inhibit the enzymatic destruction of acetylcholine). The receptors antagonized by atropine are the peripheral structures that are stimulated or inhibited by muscarine (i.e., exocrine glands and smooth and cardiac muscle). Responses to postganglionic cholinergic nerve stimulation also may be inhibited by atropine but this occurs less readily than with responses to injected (exogenous) choline esters. Atropine is relatively selective for muscarinic receptors. Its potency at nicotinic receptors is much lower, and actions at non-muscarinic receptors are generally undetectable clinically. Atropine does not distinguish among the M1, M2, and M3 subgroups of muscarinic receptors.

Originator

Curator's Comment: Atropine was first obtained from the deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna) by M. Brandes in 1819.

Approval Year

TargetsConditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Atropine sulfate

Approved Use

Atropine sulfate is indicated for temporary blockade of severe or life threatening muscarinic effects, e.g., as an antisialagogue, an antivagal agent, an antidote for organophosphorus or muscarinic mushroom poisoning, and to treat bradyasystolic cardiac arrest.

Launch Date

2001
Primary
Atropine sulfate

Approved Use

Atropine sulfate is indicated for temporary blockade of severe or life threatening muscarinic effects, e.g., as an antisialagogue, an antivagal agent, an antidote for organophosphorus or muscarinic mushroom poisoning, and to treat bradyasystolic cardiac arrest.

Launch Date

2001
Primary
Atropine sulfate

Approved Use

Atropine sulfate is indicated for temporary blockade of severe or life threatening muscarinic effects, e.g., as an antisialagogue, an antivagal agent, an antidote for organophosphorus or muscarinic mushroom poisoning, and to treat bradyasystolic cardiac arrest.

Launch Date

2001
Primary
Atropine sulfate

Approved Use

Atropine sulfate is indicated for temporary blockade of severe or life threatening muscarinic effects, e.g., as an antisialagogue, an antivagal agent, an antidote for organophosphorus or muscarinic mushroom poisoning, and to treat bradyasystolic cardiac arrest.

Launch Date

2001
Primary
Atropine sulfate

Approved Use

Atropine sulfate is indicated for temporary blockade of severe or life threatening muscarinic effects, e.g., as an antisialagogue, an antivagal agent, an antidote for organophosphorus or muscarinic mushroom poisoning, and to treat bradyasystolic cardiac arrest.

Launch Date

2001
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
860 pg/mL
0.4 μg single, ocular
dose: 0.4 μg
route of administration: Ocular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ATROPINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
11.7 ng/mL
1.67 mg single, intramuscular
dose: 1.67 mg
route of administration: Intramuscular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ATROPINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
9.6 ng/mL
1.67 mg single, intramuscular
dose: 1.67 mg
route of administration: Intramuscular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ATROPINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
43245 pg × min/mL
0.4 μg single, ocular
dose: 0.4 μg
route of administration: Ocular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ATROPINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
47.6 ng × h/mL
1.67 mg single, intramuscular
dose: 1.67 mg
route of administration: Intramuscular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ATROPINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
4.1 h
1.67 mg single, intramuscular
dose: 1.67 mg
route of administration: Intramuscular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ATROPINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: HEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: MALE
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
82%
1.67 mg single, intramuscular
dose: 1.67 mg
route of administration: Intramuscular
experiment type: SINGLE
co-administered:
ATROPINE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: ADULT
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous
Dose: 0.1 mg/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 0.1 mg/kg
Sources:
unhealthy, 10 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 10 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Disc. AE: Kounis syndrome, Chest discomfort...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Kounis syndrome (1 patient)
Chest discomfort (1 patient)
Nausea (1 patient)
Vomiting (1 patient)
Sources:
0.5 % 1 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
n = 77
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: progressive myopia
Age Group: 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 77
Sources:
Other AEs: Photophobia, Reading disorder...
Other AEs:
Photophobia (70%)
Reading disorder (25.9%)
Headache (21.7%)
Hot flushes (3.3%)
Conjunctivitis (1.7%)
Blepharitis (1.7%)
Sources:
1 mg single, sublingual
Overdose
Dose: 1 mg
Route: sublingual
Route: single
Dose: 1 mg
Sources:
unhealthy
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Other AEs: Adverse event...
Other AEs:
Adverse event (severe)
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Chest discomfort 1 patient
Disc. AE
0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous
Dose: 0.1 mg/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 0.1 mg/kg
Sources:
unhealthy, 10 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 10 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Kounis syndrome 1 patient
Disc. AE
0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous
Dose: 0.1 mg/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 0.1 mg/kg
Sources:
unhealthy, 10 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 10 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Nausea 1 patient
Disc. AE
0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous
Dose: 0.1 mg/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 0.1 mg/kg
Sources:
unhealthy, 10 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 10 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Vomiting 1 patient
Disc. AE
0.1 mg/kg single, intravenous
Dose: 0.1 mg/kg
Route: intravenous
Route: single
Dose: 0.1 mg/kg
Sources:
unhealthy, 10 years
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Age Group: 10 years
Sex: M
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Blepharitis 1.7%
0.5 % 1 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
n = 77
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: progressive myopia
Age Group: 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 77
Sources:
Conjunctivitis 1.7%
0.5 % 1 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
n = 77
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: progressive myopia
Age Group: 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 77
Sources:
Headache 21.7%
0.5 % 1 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
n = 77
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: progressive myopia
Age Group: 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 77
Sources:
Reading disorder 25.9%
0.5 % 1 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
n = 77
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: progressive myopia
Age Group: 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 77
Sources:
Hot flushes 3.3%
0.5 % 1 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
n = 77
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: progressive myopia
Age Group: 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 77
Sources:
Photophobia 70%
0.5 % 1 times / day multiple, ophthalmic
Highest studied dose
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Route: ophthalmic
Route: multiple
Dose: 0.5 %, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy, 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
n = 77
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: progressive myopia
Age Group: 10.3 years (range: 2.7–16.8 years)
Sex: M+F
Population Size: 77
Sources:
Adverse event severe
1 mg single, sublingual
Overdose
Dose: 1 mg
Route: sublingual
Route: single
Dose: 1 mg
Sources:
unhealthy
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Population Size: 1
Sources:
Overview

Overview

CYP3A4CYP2C9CYP2D6hERG

OverviewOther

Other InhibitorOther SubstrateOther Inducer



Drug as perpetrator​

Drug as perpetrator​

TargetModalityActivityMetaboliteClinical evidence
yes [IC50 1.2 uM]
yes [IC50 39 uM]
yes [IC50 466 uM]
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Endothelin receptors in human and guinea-pig gallbladder muscle.
2001 Apr 20
Localisation and neural control of the release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from the isolated perfused porcine ileum.
2001 Apr 20
Differences in electromechanical coupling between bradykinin and the nonpeptide kinin B2 receptor agonist, FR 190997, in the circular muscle of guinea-pig colon.
2001 Feb
Pharmacological characterization of muscarinic receptors in dog isolated ciliary and urinary bladder smooth muscle.
2001 Feb
Reversal of rocuronium with edrophonium during propofol versus sevoflurane anesthesia.
2001 Feb
Cardiac sympathetic overactivity and decreased baroreflex sensitivity in L-NAME hypertensive rats.
2001 Feb
Acetylcholine-evoked calcium increases in Deiters' cells of the guinea pig cochlea suggest alpha9-like receptors.
2001 Feb 1
Prognostic interaction between viability and residual myocardial ischemia by dobutamine stress echocardiography in patients with acute myocardial infarction and mildly impaired left ventricular function.
2001 Feb 1
Sympathetic control of nasal blood flow in the rat mediated by alpha(1)-adrenoceptors.
2001 Feb 16
Characterisation of the prejunctional inhibitory muscarinic receptor on cholinergic nerves in the rat urinary bladder.
2001 Feb 16
Facilitation of transmitter release in the urinary bladders of neonatal and adult rats via alpha1-adrenoceptors.
2001 Feb 23
Binding of nicotinic ligands to and nicotine-induced calcium signaling in Trypanosoma cruzi.
2001 Feb 23
Photochemical N-demethylation of alkaloids.
2001 Feb 26
[Availability of antidotes in French emergency medical aid units].
2001 Feb 3
Preanaesthetic use of atropine in small animals.
2001 Jan
On the interactions between antimuscarinic atropine and NMDA receptor antagonists in anticholinesterase-treated mice.
2001 Jan
Mechanisms of acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation in high K+-stimulated rabbit renal arteries.
2001 Jan
[Marked bradycardia during anesthetic induction treated with temporary cardiac pacing in a patient with latent sick sinus syndrome].
2001 Jan
Tachykinins contribute to nerve-mediated contractions in the human esophagus.
2001 Jan
Influence of patient posture on oxygen saturation during fibre-optic bronchoscopy.
2001 Jan
A clinico-epidemiological study of organophosphorus poisoning at a rural-based teaching hospital in eastern Nepal.
2001 Jan
Tris(2,2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) electrogenerated chemiluminescence of alkaloid type drugs with solid phase extraction sample preparation.
2001 Jan
Muscarinic activation of transient inward current and contraction in canine colon circular smooth muscle cells.
2001 Jan
Hypotensive infarction of the spinal cord in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta).
2001 Jan
Effects of VIP and NO on the motor activity of vascularly perfused rat proximal colon.
2001 Jan
Unplanned administration of atropine, succinylcholine and lidocaine.
2001 Jan
Neuropharmacological actions of some binuclear lanthanide(III) complexes.
2001 Jan
Neural mechanisms underlying migrating motor complex formation in mouse isolated colon.
2001 Jan
Evidence for cocaine and methylecgonidine stimulation of M(2) muscarinic receptors in cultured human embryonic lung cells.
2001 Jan
Characterization of a novel mechanism accounting for the adverse cholinergic effects of the anticancer drug irinotecan.
2001 Jan
Comparison of myocardial blood flow during dobutamine-atropine infusion with that after dipyridamole administration in normal men.
2001 Jan
Reversal of Haemorrhagic Shock in Rats by Tetrahydroaminoacridine.
2001 Jan
Role of PAG in the antinociception evoked from the medial or central amygdala in rats.
2001 Jan 1
Xerostomia, xerophthalmia, and plasmacytic infiltrates of the salivary glands (Sjögren's-like syndrome) in a cat.
2001 Jan 1
Activation of sympathoadrenomedullary system increases pulmonary nitric oxide production in the rabbit.
2001 Jan 12
Post-ictal analgesia: involvement of opioid, serotoninergic and cholinergic mechanisms.
2001 Jan 12
[Atropine. Principles and rules of utilization].
2001 Jan 15
Role of preoptic and anterior hypothalamic cholinergic input on water intake and body temperature.
2001 Jan 19
The effect of nitrate and ammonium concentrations on growth and alkaloid accumulation of Atropa belladonna hairy roots.
2001 Jan 23
Determination of scopolamine in human serum and microdialysis samples by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
2001 Jan 5
Neural-epithelial cell interplay: in vitro evidence that vagal mediators increase PGE2 production by human nasal epithelial cells.
2001 Jan-Feb
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system is necessary for normal meal-induced insulin secretion in rhesus macaques.
2001 Mar
From 'captive' agonism to insurmountable antagonism: demonstrating the power of analytical pharmacology.
2001 Mar
Pharmacological characterization of locomotor sensitization induced by chronic phencyclidine administration.
2001 Mar
Low-affinity M(2) receptor binding state mediates mouse atrial bradycardia: comparative effects of carbamylcholine and the M(1) receptor agonists sabcomeline and xanomeline.
2001 Mar
Respective roles of carbamylcholine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in their synergistic regulation of cell cycle in thyroid primary cultures.
2001 Mar
Role of a central muscarinic cholinergic pathway for relaxation of the proximal urethra during the voiding phase in rats.
2001 Mar
Initiation of distension-induced descending peristaltic reflex in opossum esophagus: role of muscle contractility.
2001 Mar
Orally administered atropine enhances motor cortex excitability: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study in human subjects.
2001 Mar 16
5-Hydroxytryptamine and atropine inhibit nicotinic receptors in submucosal neurons.
2001 Mar 2
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Atropine as an antisialagogue or for antivagal effects: initial single dose of 0.5 mg to 1 mg; as an antidote for organophosporous or muscarinic mushroom poisoning: initial single dose of 2 mg to 3 mg, repeated every 20­-30 minutes; for bradyasystolic cardiac arrest: 1 mg dose, repeated every 3-5 minutes if asystole persists; in patients with coronary artery disease: total dose should not exceed 0.03 mg/kg to 0.04 mg/kg.
Route of Administration: Other
In Vitro Use Guide
Atropine in doses -5.44 to -4.74 log mol/L totally inhibited the contraction induced by acetylcholine and carbachol in segmental pulmonary artery specimens taken from the patients undergoing thoracic surgery.
Name Type Language
ATROPINE SULFATE ANHYDROUS
Common Name English
Atropine sulfate [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
BENZENEACETIC ACID, .ALPHA.-(HYDROXYMETHYL)- (3-ENDO)-8-METHYL-8-AZABICYCLO(3.2.1)OCT-3-YL ESTER, SULFATE (2:1) (SALT)
Common Name English
BENZENEACETIC ACID, .ALPHA.-(HYDROXYMETHYL)- (3-ENDO)-8-METHYL-8-AZABICYCLO(3.2.1)OCT-3-YL ESTER, SULFATE (2:1)
Common Name English
1.ALPHA.H,5.ALPHA.H-TROPAN-3.ALPHA.-OL (±)-TROPATE (ESTER), SULFATE (2:1) (SALT)
Common Name English
ATROPINE SULFATE ANHYDROUS [MI]
Common Name English
NSC-26671
Code English
Code System Code Type Description
FDA UNII
KAE4PSB0Z3
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
200-235-0
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
26671
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID3049419
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
55-48-1
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m2136
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000085345
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 18:20:02 GMT 2023
PRIMARY