Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C10H24N2O2.2ClH |
Molecular Weight | 277.232 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 2 / 2 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.Cl.CC[C@@H](CO)NCCN[C@@H](CC)CO
InChI
InChIKey=AUAHHJJRFHRVPV-BZDVOYDHSA-N
InChI=1S/C10H24N2O2.2ClH/c1-3-9(7-13)11-5-6-12-10(4-2)8-14;;/h9-14H,3-8H2,1-2H3;2*1H/t9-,10-;;/m0../s1
DescriptionCurator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00330
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00330
ETHAMBUTOL HYDROCHLORIDE is an oral chemotherapeutic agent which is specifically effective against actively growing microorganisms of the genus Mycobacterium, including M. tuberculosis. Ethambutol inhibits RNA synthesis and decreases tubercle bacilli replication. Nearly all strains of M. tuberculosis and M. kansasii as well as a number of strains of MAC are sensitive to ethambutol. Ethambutol inhibits arabinosyl transferases which is involved in cell wall biosynthesis. By inhibiting this enzyme, the bacterial cell wall complex production is inhibited. This leads to an increase in cell wall permeability. ETHAMBUTOL HCl is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. It should not be used as the sole antituberculous drug, but should be used in conjunction with at least one other antituberculous drug.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: Probable arabinosyltransferase C Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00330 |
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Target ID: Probable arabinosyltransferase B Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00330 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL1877 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00330 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | MYAMBUTOL Approved Usepulmonary tuberculosis Launch Date1967 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
3.3 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10049268/ |
25 mg/kg single, oral dose: 25 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: aluminum-magnesium antacid |
ETHAMBUTOL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
4.5 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10049268/ |
25 mg/kg single, oral dose: 25 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ETHAMBUTOL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
3.8 μg/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10049268/ |
25 mg/kg single, oral dose: 25 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ETHAMBUTOL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: HIGH-FAT |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
27.5 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10049268/ |
25 mg/kg single, oral dose: 25 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: aluminum-magnesium antacid |
ETHAMBUTOL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
28 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10049268/ |
25 mg/kg single, oral dose: 25 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ETHAMBUTOL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
29.6 μg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10049268/ |
25 mg/kg single, oral dose: 25 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
ETHAMBUTOL serum | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: HIGH-FAT |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
25 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 25 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 25 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 79 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: pulmonary tuberculosis Age Group: 79 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Disc. AE: Agranulocytosis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Agranulocytosis (1 patient) Sources: |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Agranulocytosis | 1 patient Disc. AE |
25 mg/kg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 25 mg/kg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 25 mg/kg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, 79 years n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: pulmonary tuberculosis Age Group: 79 years Sex: M Population Size: 1 Sources: |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 1.0 |
moderate [IC50 53.9 uM] | likely Comment: Drug-drug interaction index prediction Page: 1.0 |
||
Page: 1.0 |
moderate [IC50 57.6 uM] | likely Comment: Drug-drug interaction index prediction Page: 1.0 |
||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24910189/ Page: 1.0 |
moderate [IC50 8.4 uM] | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24910189/ Page: 1.0 |
moderate [IC50 9.4 uM] | |||
no | ||||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24910189/ Page: 1.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24910189/ Page: 1.0 |
no | |||
Page: 4.0 |
no | |||
no | ||||
no | ||||
Page: 4.0 |
no | |||
Page: 4.0 |
no | |||
Page: 4.0 |
no | |||
Page: 1.0 |
no | unlikely Comment: Drug-drug interaction index prediction Page: 1.0 |
||
Page: 1.0 |
strong [IC50 253.8 uM] | likely Comment: Drug-drug interaction index prediction Page: 1.0 |
||
Page: 1.0 |
strong [IC50 92.6 uM] | likely Comment: Drug-drug interaction index prediction Page: 1.0 |
||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24910189/ Page: 1.0 |
strong [Ki 1.4 uM] | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24910189/ Page: 1.0 |
strong [Ki 2.9 uM] | |||
Page: 1.0 |
weak [IC50 4100 uM] | likely Comment: Drug-drug interaction index prediction Page: 1.0 |
||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24910189/ Page: 1.0 |
weak | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24910189/ Page: 1.0 |
weak | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24910189/ Page: 1.0 |
weak | |||
Page: 4.0 |
weak | |||
Page: 4.0 |
weak | |||
Page: 4.0 |
weak | |||
yes [IC50 88.2 uM] |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 1.0 |
major | |||
Page: 1.0 |
major | |||
Page: 4.0 |
no | |||
Page: 1.0 |
yes | |||
Page: 1.0 |
yes | |||
Page: 1.0 |
yes | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17258938/ Page: 1.0 |
yes | |||
Page: 1.0 |
yes | likely Comment: DDI index of >0.1 Page: 1.0 |
||
Page: 1.0 |
yes | likely Comment: Drug-drug interaction index prediction Page: 1.0 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
A comparative study of daily followed by twice or once weekly regimens of ethambutol and rifampicin in retreatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The results at 1 year. A cooperative tuberculosis chemotherapy study in Poland. | 1975 Mar |
|
Hepatotoxicity of rifampicin and isoniazid in children. | 1975 May |
|
Ocular toxicity with ethambutol in tuberculosis patients. | 1976 Jul |
|
Antimycobacterial spectrum of sparfloxacin and its activities alone and in association with other drugs against Mycobacterium avium complex growing extracellularly and intracellularly in murine and human macrophages. | 1991 Dec |
|
Chlorpromazine: a drug potentially useful for treating mycobacterial infections. | 1992 |
|
Spectrum of drugs against atypical mycobacteria: how valid is the current practice of drug susceptibility testing and the choice of drugs? | 1992 Dec |
|
CI-960 (PD127391 or AM-1091), sparfloxacin, WIN 57273, and isepamicin activity against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium-intracellularae complex, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum. | 1992 Feb |
|
Ocular toxicology. | 1994 Dec |
|
[Experimental study on the antituberculous activity of ofloxacins]. | 1997 Apr |
|
Visual evoked responses in ethambutol induced optic neuritis. | 1997 Nov |
|
Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense infection in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: first case report in Taiwan. | 1999 Jan |
|
[Optic nerve neuropathy by ethambutol toxicity]. | 1999 May |
|
Ethambutol related headache in HIV infection: sensitisation to normal CSF pressure? A case report. | 2000 Apr |
|
A new class of antituberculosis agents. | 2000 Aug 24 |
|
Minimal change nephrotic syndrome associated with rifampicin treatment. | 2000 Jul |
|
Activity of poloxamer CRL-1072 against drug-sensitive and resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages and in mice. | 2000 Jun |
|
Leucocytoclastic vasculitis and indinavir. | 2000 Nov |
|
Intrinsic resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to clarithromycin is effectively reversed by subinhibitory concentrations of cell wall inhibitors. | 2000 Sep |
|
Continuous rifampicin administration inducing acute renal failure. | 2001 Jan |
|
Optic neuropathy after treatment with anti-tuberculous drugs in a subject with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mutation. | 2001 Sep |
|
Color vision in 42 Congolese patients with tuberculosis receiving ethambutol treatment. | 2002 |
|
Bactericidal activities of commonly used antiseptics against multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2002 |
|
Antimicrobial activities of clarithromycin, gatifloxacin and sitafloxacin, in combination with various antimycobacterial drugs against extracellular and intramacrophage Mycobacterium avium complex. | 2002 Feb |
|
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis due to rifampicin therapy. | 2002 Jan |
|
Trends in the use of antituberculosis drugs in Spain 1993-1998. | 2003 Apr-May |
|
Evaluation of visual functions in patients on ethambutol therapy for tuberculosis: a prospective study. | 2003 Dec |
|
Familial clustering of rifampin-induced acute renal failure. | 2003 Dec |
|
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mutations in ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy. | 2003 Jan |
|
Ethambutol and optic neuropathy. | 2003 Jul |
|
Mefloquine, moxifloxacin, and ethambutol are a triple-drug alternative to macrolide-containing regimens for treatment of Mycobacterium avium disease. | 2003 Jun 15 |
|
[Unusual therapeutic approach in treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in six year old girl]. | 2004 |
|
Pancytopenia due to extensive hemophagocytosis following anti-tubercular treatment. | 2004 Feb |
|
New agents active against Mycobacterium avium complex selected by molecular topology: a virtual screening method. | 2004 Jan |
|
The activity of grepafloxacin in two murine models of Mycobacterium avium infection. | 2004 Jun |
|
Ethambutol-induced optic neuritis in patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis: two case reports and literature review. | 2004 Mar |
|
Ethambutol-induced acute renal failure. | 2004 May |
|
Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and molecular modeling studies of halogenated 4-[1H-imidazol-1-yl(phenyl)methyl]-1,5-diphenyl-1H-pyrazoles. | 2004 Oct 15 |
|
[Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis in a female patient with AIDS]. | 2005 Apr-Jun |
|
Rapidly developing optic neuritis secondary to ethambutol: possible mechanism of injury. | 2005 Jul |
|
The role of ultrasound and echo-color Doppler in the diagnosis and follow-up of tuberculosis of the transplanted kidney. | 2005 Mar |
|
Differential antibiotic susceptibilities of starved Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. | 2005 Nov |
|
Diversity in domain architectures of Ser/Thr kinases and their homologues in prokaryotes. | 2005 Sep 19 |
|
[Vision impairment in the course of lung tuberculosis treatment]. | 2006 |
|
[Meningoencephalitis tuberculosis--primary isolation of resistant M. tuberculosis]. | 2006 |
|
Fluoroquinolones: an important class of antibiotics against tuberculosis. | 2006 |
|
Enhanced susceptibility of multidrug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to granulysin peptides correlates with a reduced fitness phenotype. | 2006 Jul |
|
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy precipitated by ethambutol. | 2006 May-Jun |
|
Activity of 7-methyljuglone in combination with antituberculous drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | 2006 Nov |
|
Abnormal multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in ethambutol toxicity. | 2006 Oct-Dec |
|
Antituberculous therapy-induced fulminant hepatic failure: successful treatment with liver transplantation and nonstandard antituberculous therapy. | 2006 Sep |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: http://www.drugs.com/dosage/ethambutol.html
Usual Adult Dose for Tuberculosis - Active
Initial treatment: 15 mg/kg orally once a day for 6 to 8 weeks with concurrent isoniazid therapy.
Retreatment: 25 mg/kg orally once a day for 60 days concurrently with at least one other anti-TB drug. After 60 days, decrease dose to 15 mg/kg orally once a day.
As an alternative to single daily dose, a dose of 40 mg/kg orally twice a week or 30 mg/kg orally 3 times a week can be administered. This generally follows 2 weeks of daily therapy.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Curator's Comment: In vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv was evaluated.
The antimycobacterial activity of ethambutol was assessed against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) strain using micro plate Alamar Blue assay (MABA). Compound showed inhibitory activity with MIC value 3.125 ug/mL
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22196-75-4
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14051
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DTXSID50944849
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JNG307DJ5X
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SUBSTANCE RECORD