Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C22H23ClN6O |
Molecular Weight | 422.911 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CCCCC1=NC(Cl)=C(CO)N1CC2=CC=C(C=C2)C3=C(C=CC=C3)C4=NN=NN4
InChI
InChIKey=PSIFNNKUMBGKDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C22H23ClN6O/c1-2-3-8-20-24-21(23)19(14-30)29(20)13-15-9-11-16(12-10-15)17-6-4-5-7-18(17)22-25-27-28-26-22/h4-7,9-12,30H,2-3,8,13-14H2,1H3,(H,25,26,27,28)
DescriptionSources: https://www.drugs.com/monograph/cozaar.html
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/monograph/cozaar.html
Losartan is a selective, competitive angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1) antagonist. Losartant is recommended as one of several preferred agents for the initial management of hypertension. Administration of losartan reduces the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Losartan is indicated for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy with an elevated serum creatinine and proteinuria in patients with type 2 diabetes and a history of hypertension.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL2094256 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16610806 |
4.0 nM [Kd] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | COZAAR Approved UseAngiotensin II receptor antagonists are recommended as one of several preferred agents for the initial management of hypertension; other options include ACE inhibitors, calcium-channel blockers, and thiazide diuretics. While there may be individual differences with respect to specific outcomes, these antihypertensive drug classes all produce comparable effects on overall mortality and cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal outcomes. Individualize choice of therapy; consider patient characteristics (e.g., age, ethnicity/race, comorbidities, cardiovascular risk) as well as drug-related factors (e.g., ease of administration, availability, adverse effects, cost). Launch Date7.9781757E11 |
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Preventing | COZAAR Approved UsePreliminary evidence suggests that aspirin therapy at baseline in patients receiving losartan may reduce the risk of combined cardiovascular death, stroke, and acute MI compared with aspirin therapy at baseline in patients receiving atenolol, but there is evidence that this benefit does not apply to Black patients. Launch Date7.9781757E11 |
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Primary | COZAAR Approved UseManagement of diabetic nephropathy manifested by elevated Scr and proteinuria (urinary albumin to creatinine ratio ≥300 mg/g) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Launch Date7.9781757E11 |
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Primary | COZAAR Approved UseAngiotensin II receptor antagonists are considered a reasonable alternative for inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) who are intolerant of ACE inhibitors; because of their established benefits, ACE inhibitors are preferred. Launch Date7.9781757E11 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
224 ng/mL |
50 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
LOSARTAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
442 ng × h/mL |
50 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
LOSARTAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
2.1 h |
50 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
LOSARTAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
1.3% |
50 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered: |
LOSARTAN plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10877007/ Page: 137.0 |
moderate [IC50 138 uM] | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10877007/ Page: 137.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10877007/ Page: 137.0 |
no | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10877007/ Page: 137.0 |
slight | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10877007/ Page: 137.0 |
weak [IC50 210 uM] | |||
yes [IC50 1.5 uM] | ||||
yes [IC50 1.6 uM] | ||||
yes [IC50 12 uM] | ||||
yes [IC50 18 uM] | ||||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10877007/ Page: 137.0 |
yes [IC50 524 uM] | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10877007/ Page: 137.0 |
yes [IC50 81 uM] | |||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20222053/ Page: 6.0 |
yes [IC50 >100 uM] | |||
yes [Ki 24 uM] |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
minor | ||||
minor | ||||
minor | ||||
minor | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
no | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
yes | ||||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16029066/ Page: 2,8 |
yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: coadministration with fluconazole (CYP2C9 inhibitor) increased AUC24 by 66%; coadministration with phenytoin (CYP2C9 inducer) increased AUC24 of drug by 17% and 29% in those with CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype; Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16029066/ Page: 2,8 |
||
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16029066/ Page: 2.0 |
yes | yes (co-administration study) Comment: coadministration with ketoconazole or erythromycin (CYP3A4 inhibitors) had no effect on AUC24 of drug; coadministration with rifampin (CYP3A4 inducer) increased AUC24 of drug by 35%; Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16029066/ Page: 2.0 |
Tox targets
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10715269/ Page: 4.0 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Effects of losartan on ventricular remodeling in experimental infarction in rats. | 2000 Dec |
|
[Acute kidney failure and losartan: a recently observed event of antagonists of angiotensin II AT1 receptors]. | 2000 Sep |
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The role of ANG II and endothelin-1 in exercise-induced diastolic dysfunction in heart failure. | 2001 Apr |
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Angiotensin II stimulates cardiac L-type Ca(2+) current by a Ca(2+)- and protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. | 2001 Apr |
|
Tonic suppression of spontaneous baroreceptor reflex by endogenous angiotensins via AT(2) subtype receptors at nucleus reticularis ventrolateralis in the rat. | 2001 Apr |
|
Atypical angiotensin receptors may mediate water intake induced by central injections of angiotensin II and of serotonin in pigeons. | 2001 Apr 20 |
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Left ventricular hypertrophy and angiotensin II antagonists. | 2001 Feb |
|
Angiotensin II increases vesicular trafficking in brain neurons. | 2001 Feb |
|
Expression of cell cycle proteins in blood vessels of angiotensin II-infused rats: role of AT(1) receptors. | 2001 Feb |
|
Angiotensin II induces migration and Pyk2/paxillin phosphorylation of human monocytes. | 2001 Feb |
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Role of endothelin and isoprostanes in slow pressor responses to angiotensin II. | 2001 Feb |
|
Angiotensin II relaxes microvessels via the AT(2) receptor and Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels. | 2001 Feb |
|
Mortality after coronary artery occlusion in different models of cardiac hypertrophy in rats. | 2001 Feb |
|
Role of angiotensin II in altered baroreflex function of conscious rabbits during late pregnancy. | 2001 Feb |
|
Modulation of alveolar-capillary sodium handling as a mechanism of protection of gas transfer by enalapril, and not by losartan, in chronic heart failure. | 2001 Feb |
|
Combined therapy with an angiotensin II receptor blocker and an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in heart failure. | 2001 Feb |
|
DNA damage of lymphocytes in experimental chronic renal failure: beneficial effects of losartan. | 2001 Feb |
|
Different effects of angiotensin II and catecholamine on renal cell apoptosis and proliferation in rats. | 2001 Feb |
|
A two-state receptor model for the interaction between angiotensin II type 1 receptors and non-peptide antagonists. | 2001 Feb 1 |
|
Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers. | 2001 Feb 13 |
|
Comparative effect of ace inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism on bioavailability of nitric oxide in patients with coronary artery disease: role of superoxide dismutase. | 2001 Feb 13 |
|
Angiotensin II blockade reverses myocardial fibrosis in a transgenic mouse model of human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. | 2001 Feb 13 |
|
Acute administration of nicotine impairs the hypotensive responses to bradykinin in rats. | 2001 Feb 16 |
|
Losartan and fetal toxic effects. | 2001 Feb 3 |
|
[Well tolerated sartans. More normal blood pressure finally?]. | 2001 Feb 8 |
|
[Treating not only blood pressure. Advantages for microcirculation]. | 2001 Feb 8 |
|
Acute effects of E-3174, a human active metabolite of losartan, on the cardiovascular system in tachycardia-induced canine heart failure. | 2001 Jan |
|
Role of the central nervous system in the development of hypertension produced by chronic nitric oxide blockade in rats. | 2001 Jan |
|
Contribution of angiotensin II, endothelin 1 and the endothelium to the slow inotropic response to stretch in ferret papillary muscle. | 2001 Jan |
|
Functional expression of angiotensin II receptors in type-I cells of the rat carotid body. | 2001 Jan |
|
Losartan versus enalapril on cerebral edema and proteinuria in stroke-prone hypertensive rats. | 2001 Jan |
|
Relation of left ventricular geometry and function to systemic hemodynamics in hypertension: the LIFE Study. Losartan Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in Hypertension Study. | 2001 Jan |
|
New competition in the realm of renin-angiotensin axis inhibition; the angiotensin II receptor antagonists in congestive heart failure. | 2001 Jan |
|
Renal and vascular injury induced by exogenous angiotensin II is AT1 receptor-dependent. | 2001 Jan |
|
Angiotensin II inhibits rat arterial KATP channels by inhibiting steady-state protein kinase A activity and activating protein kinase Ce. | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
Left ventricular hypertrophy with exercise and ACE gene insertion/deletion polymorphism: a randomized controlled trial with losartan. | 2001 Jan 16 |
|
Central interactions between angiotensin II and PGD(2) in the regulation of vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in dehydrated rats. | 2001 Jan 19 |
|
Mannitol-induced toxicity in a diabetic patient receiving losartan. | 2001 Mar |
|
Restoration of normal ventricular electrophysiology in renovascular hypertensive rabbits after treatment with losartan. | 2001 Mar |
|
Effect of angiotensin II on venodilator response to nitroglycerin. | 2001 Mar |
|
MK-954 (losartan potassium) exerts endothelial protective effects against reperfusion injury: evidence of an e-NOS mRNA overexpression after global ischemia. | 2001 Mar |
|
Identification, distribution, and expression of angiotensin II receptors in the normal human prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia. | 2001 Mar |
|
AT(1) receptor blockers prevent sympathetic hyperactivity and hypertension by chronic ouabain and hypertonic saline. | 2001 Mar |
|
Effect of oral contraceptives on the renin angiotensin system and renal function. | 2001 Mar |
|
Cerebral Na concentration, Na appetite and thirst of sheep: influence of somatostatin and losartan. | 2001 Mar |
|
Glucocorticoid modulation of cardiovascular and autonomic function in preterm lambs: role of ANG II. | 2001 Mar |
|
Are angiotensin II receptor blockers more efficacious than placebo in heart failure? Implications of ELITE-2. Evaluation of Losartan In The Elderly. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
Effect of losartan on degree of mitral regurgitation quantified by echocardiography. | 2001 Mar 1 |
|
The role of angiotensin receptor blockers in the management of chronic heart failure. | 2001 Mar 12 |
|
Losartan reduces hematocrit in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and secondary erythrocytosis. | 2001 Mar 6 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/monograph/cozaar.html
For treatment of hypertension, Joint National Committee (JNC) 8 expert panel recommends initial dosage of 50 mg daily and target dosage of 100 mg daily (given in 1 dose or 2 divided doses) based on dosages used in randomized controlled studies.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16610806
From 30 to 40 min after confirmation of endothelium removal, the test compounds were incubated at a concentration of 0.1 uM. After an incubation period of 20 or 60 min, aortic preparations were treated with AII, using 3-fold increasing concentrations from 0.1 nM to 1 uM. Kb for binding with angiotensin receptor was 4 nM with 20 min incubation, and 9 nM with 60 min incubation.
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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NDF-RT |
N0000000070
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
357211
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LIVERTOX |
NBK547842
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C66930
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WHO-ATC |
C09DA01
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WHO-VATC |
QC09DA01
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NDF-RT |
N0000175561
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WHO-VATC |
QC09DB06
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WHO-ATC |
C09CA01
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
668618
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EU-Orphan Drug |
EU/3/19/2142
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WHO-VATC |
QC09CA01
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WHO-ATC |
C09DB06
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52175
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PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
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JMS50MPO89
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7043
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6541
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114798-26-4
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1610
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LOSARTAN
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DB00678
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590
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CHEMBL191
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SUB32953
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ALTERNATIVE | |||
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Losartan
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SUB08593MIG
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149504
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PRIMARY | |||
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JMS50MPO89
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PRIMARY | |||
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C66869
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758699
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DTXSID7023227
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6913
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100000082055
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m6911
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PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
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D019808
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3961
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PRIMARY |
ACTIVE MOIETY
METABOLITE ACTIVE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)