LEVOCABASTINE

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C26H29FN2O2
Molecular Weight	420.5191
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	4 / 4
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

C[C@@H]1CN(CC[C@]1(C(O)=O)C2=CC=CC=C2)[C@H]3CC[C@](CC3)(C#N)C4=CC=C(F)C=C4

InChI

InChIKey=ZCGOMHNNNFPNMX-KYTRFIICSA-N

InChI=1S/C26H29FN2O2/c1-19-17-29(16-15-26(19,24(30)31)21-5-3-2-4-6-21)23-11-13-25(18-28,14-12-23)20-7-9-22(27)10-8-20/h2-10,19,23H,11-17H2,1H3,(H,30,31)/t19-,23-,25-,26-/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=420b3f66-87f0-47d8-947c-541e84eb594a
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including http://www.rxlist.com/livostin-side-effects-drug-center.htm

Levocabastine (trade name Livo) is a selective second-generation H1-receptor antagonist used for allergic conjunctivitis. Levocabastine binds the G protein-coupled neurotensin receptor 2 (NTR2), but not NTR1, where it behaves as a weak partial inverse agonist. In an environmental study, LIVOSTIN 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) instilled four times daily was shown to be significantly more effective than its vehicle in reducing ocular itching associated with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. After instillation in the eye, levocabastine is systemically absorbed. However, the amount of systemically absorbed levocabastine after therapeutic ocular doses is low (mean plasma concentrations in the range of 1-2 ng/mL). Brand name Livostin is no longer available in the U.S., but generic versions may still be available. Common side effects include burning, stinging, itching, or watering of the eyes, eye irritation or discomfort, blurred vision, dry or puffy eyes, headache, nosebleed, nausea, or fatigue.

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Histamine H1 receptor 315 Target ID: CHEMBL231 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11915520	Antagonist 2778
Neurotensin receptor type 2 3 Target ID: O95665 Gene ID: 23620.0 Gene Symbol: NTSR2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8647296	Inverse Agonist 80

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis 3 Sources: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=420b3f66-87f0-47d8-947c-541e84eb594a	Palliative		Approved 8429	LIVOSTIN Approved Use LIVOSTIN™ 0.05% (levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension) is indicated for the temporary relief of the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. Launch Date 1993

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
7.4 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7907347/	0.5 mg single, oral dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED
22.2 μg/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8549024/	2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
7.3 μg/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8549024/	0.5 mg single, oral dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
12.1 μg/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8549024/	1 mg single, oral dose: 1 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
319 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7907347/	0.5 mg single, oral dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED
1142 μg × h/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8549024/	2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
337 μg × h/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8549024/	0.5 mg single, oral dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
580 μg × h/L REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8549024/	1 mg single, oral dose: 1 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
35.7 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7907347/	0.5 mg single, oral dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED
37.5 h REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8549024/	0.5 mg single, oral dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
37.5 h REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8549024/	1 mg single, oral dose: 1 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
45% REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8549024/	2 mg single, oral dose: 2 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
45% REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8549024/	0.5 mg single, oral dose: 0.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
45% REVIEW https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8549024/	1 mg single, oral dose: 1 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVOCABASTINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
0.05 % 4 times / day multiple, ophthalmic Recommended Dose: 0.05 %, 4 times / day Route: ophthalmic Route: multiple Dose: 0.05 %, 4 times / day Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 12	unhealthy, 5 - 17 years n = 24 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: paralimbic keratitis of immuno-allergic type Age Group: 5 - 17 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 24 Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 12	Disc. AE: Headache, Blepharoconjunctivitis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Headache (3 patients) Blepharoconjunctivitis (3 patients) Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 12
0.5 mg/mL 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic Recommended Dose: 0.5 mg/mL, 2 times / day Route: ophthalmic Route: multiple Dose: 0.5 mg/mL, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: sodium cromoglycate nasal spray(20 mg/ml) Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5375238_Levocabastine_eye_drops_are_effective_and_well_tolerated_for_the_treatment_of_allergic_conjunctivitis_in_children	unhealthy, < 12 years n = 177 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: allergic conjunctivitis Age Group: < 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 177 Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5375238_Levocabastine_eye_drops_are_effective_and_well_tolerated_for_the_treatment_of_allergic_conjunctivitis_in_children	Other AEs: Eye disorders NEC... Other AEs: Eye disorders NEC (33 patients) Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5375238_Levocabastine_eye_drops_are_effective_and_well_tolerated_for_the_treatment_of_allergic_conjunctivitis_in_children
0.5 mg/mL 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic Recommended Dose: 0.5 mg/mL, 2 times / day Route: ophthalmic Route: multiple Dose: 0.5 mg/mL, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: sodium cromoglycate nasal spray(20 mg/ml) Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5375238_Levocabastine_eye_drops_are_effective_and_well_tolerated_for_the_treatment_of_allergic_conjunctivitis_in_children	unhealthy, > 12 years n = 56 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: allergic conjunctivitis Age Group: > 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 56 Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5375238_Levocabastine_eye_drops_are_effective_and_well_tolerated_for_the_treatment_of_allergic_conjunctivitis_in_children	Other AEs: Eye disorders NEC... Other AEs: Eye disorders NEC (7 patients) Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5375238_Levocabastine_eye_drops_are_effective_and_well_tolerated_for_the_treatment_of_allergic_conjunctivitis_in_children
0.05 % 4 times / day multiple, ophthalmic Recommended Dose: 0.05 %, 4 times / day Route: ophthalmic Route: multiple Dose: 0.05 %, 4 times / day Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 11	unhealthy, adult n = 148 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: allergic conjunctivitis Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 148 Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 11	Disc. AE: Eye disorders NEC... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Eye disorders NEC (23 patients) Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 11
0.2 mg/mL 2 times / day multiple, intranasal Recommended Dose: 0.2 mg/mL, 2 times / day Route: intranasal Route: multiple Dose: 0.2 mg/mL, 2 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10088031/	unhealthy, mean 38.8 years n = 137 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: seasonal allergic rhinitis Age Group: mean 38.8 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 137 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10088031/	Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10088031/

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Blepharoconjunctivitis	3 patients Disc. AE	0.05 % 4 times / day multiple, ophthalmic Recommended Dose: 0.05 %, 4 times / day Route: ophthalmic Route: multiple Dose: 0.05 %, 4 times / day Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 12	unhealthy, 5 - 17 years n = 24 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: paralimbic keratitis of immuno-allergic type Age Group: 5 - 17 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 24 Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 12
Headache	3 patients Disc. AE	0.05 % 4 times / day multiple, ophthalmic Recommended Dose: 0.05 %, 4 times / day Route: ophthalmic Route: multiple Dose: 0.05 %, 4 times / day Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 12	unhealthy, 5 - 17 years n = 24 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: paralimbic keratitis of immuno-allergic type Age Group: 5 - 17 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 24 Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 12
Eye disorders NEC	33 patients	0.5 mg/mL 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic Recommended Dose: 0.5 mg/mL, 2 times / day Route: ophthalmic Route: multiple Dose: 0.5 mg/mL, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: sodium cromoglycate nasal spray(20 mg/ml) Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5375238_Levocabastine_eye_drops_are_effective_and_well_tolerated_for_the_treatment_of_allergic_conjunctivitis_in_children	unhealthy, < 12 years n = 177 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: allergic conjunctivitis Age Group: < 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 177 Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5375238_Levocabastine_eye_drops_are_effective_and_well_tolerated_for_the_treatment_of_allergic_conjunctivitis_in_children
Eye disorders NEC	7 patients	0.5 mg/mL 2 times / day multiple, ophthalmic Recommended Dose: 0.5 mg/mL, 2 times / day Route: ophthalmic Route: multiple Dose: 0.5 mg/mL, 2 times / day Co-administed with:: sodium cromoglycate nasal spray(20 mg/ml) Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5375238_Levocabastine_eye_drops_are_effective_and_well_tolerated_for_the_treatment_of_allergic_conjunctivitis_in_children	unhealthy, > 12 years n = 56 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: allergic conjunctivitis Age Group: > 12 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 56 Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5375238_Levocabastine_eye_drops_are_effective_and_well_tolerated_for_the_treatment_of_allergic_conjunctivitis_in_children
Eye disorders NEC	23 patients Disc. AE	0.05 % 4 times / day multiple, ophthalmic Recommended Dose: 0.05 %, 4 times / day Route: ophthalmic Route: multiple Dose: 0.05 %, 4 times / day Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 11	unhealthy, adult n = 148 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: allergic conjunctivitis Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 148 Sources: https://db.cbg-meb.nl/veegactie/csp/Levocabastine_okt2014.pdf Page: 11

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP 450 18	CYP 450 31

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
CYP 450 20	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00912709922007589 Page: 1.0	no		unlikely (co-administration study) Comment: the likelihood of systemic drug interactions with drugs affecting the cytochrome P-450 is minimal Sources: https://accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00912709922007589 Page: 1.0

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
CYP 450 31	substrate 3367 Sources: https://accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00912709922007589 Page: 1.0	no		unlikely (co-administration study) Comment: the likelihood of systemic drug interactions with drugs affecting the cytochrome P-450 is minimal Sources: https://accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00912709922007589 Page: 1.0

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
1PlusChem LLC	1P0058MI
ABI Chem	AC1L1GWR
AN PharmaTech	AN-6364
Achemtek	0102-012957	http://www.achemtek.com/79516-68-0
Alfa Chemistry	80185-65-5
BOC Sciences	80185-65-5
BePharm Ltd.	B136220
ChemMol	49401013	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/49401013.html
Chemieliva Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd	PBCM0841436
Clearsynth	CS-AD-00421	http://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSAD00421.html
Compound Cloud	54384
Compound Cloud	54385
Hairui	HR139897
Nanjing Pope Bio-tech	NSTH-D02017
Norris Pharm	NSTH-D02017
NovoSeek	54385
Oxchem Corporation	AX8136220
Smolecule	S532933	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s532933
THE BioTek	bt-273330	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-273330
THE BioTek	bt-404790	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/others/bt-404790
W&J PharmaChem	100424
ZINC	ZINC000000586239	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000000586239
eNovation Chemicals	D674472	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=D674472

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Evidence for a displaceable non-specific [3H]neurotensin binding site in rat brain.	1986 Aug	3022160
Selective effect of levocabastine on histamine receptor and histamine release from human leukocytes and guinea pig isolated tissue.	1996 Apr	8612114
Molecular cloning of a levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin binding site.	1996 May 20	8647296
Structure, functional expression, and cerebral localization of the levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin/neuromedin N receptor from mouse brain.	1996 Sep 15	8795617
Stable expression of the mouse levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin receptor in HEK 293 cell line: binding properties, photoaffinity labeling, and internalization mechanism.	1998 Feb 13	9480852
Actual therapeutic management of allergic and hyperreactive nasal disorders.	2004	22073046
Comparison of allergen immunotherapy and drug treatment in seasonal rhinoconjunctivitis: a 3-years study.	2005 Feb	15859367
[Comparison of three antiallergic eyedrops in a specific conjunctival provocation test: mequitazine, levocabastine and dexamethasone].	2005 Mar	15883488
The reliability, validity, and preliminary responsiveness of the Eye Allergy Patient Impact Questionnaire (EAPIQ).	2005 Oct 31	16259630
Efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and tolerability of mometasone furoate, levocabastine, and disodium cromoglycate nasal sprays in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis.	2005 Sep	16200819
Potent spinal analgesia elicited through stimulation of NTS2 neurotensin receptors.	2005 Sep 7	16148226
Effect of antihistamine eye drops on the conjunctival provocation test with Japanese cedar pollen allergen.	2006 Dec	17130679
Effect of beta-lactotensin on acute stress and fear memory.	2006 Dec	17000030
Interactions between NTS2 neurotensin and opioid receptors on two nociceptive responses assessed on the hot plate test in mice.	2006 Dec 15	17074405
[Misleading advertisement on Opatanol].	2006 Jul 1	16875272
Efficacy of levocabastine hydrochloride ophthalmic suspension in the conjunctival allergen challenge test in Japanese subjects with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.	2006 Jun	17075252
Effects of excitotoxic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex on density of high affinity [125I-Tyr3]neurotensin binding sites within the ventral midbrain and striatum.	2006 Jun 13	16714012
Preferential inhibition of human phosphodiesterase 4 by ibudilast.	2006 May 1	16313925
The early efficacy of topical levocabastine in patients with allergic conjunctivitis.	2006 Sep	17075271
Review of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis.	2007 Apr	17376024
Seasonal allergic rhinitis in adolescents and adults.	2007 Apr 1	19454070
Clinical and biological efficacy of preservative-free NAAGA eye-drops versus levocabastine eye-drops in vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients.	2007 Dec	17585003
Inhibition of release of inflammatory mediators in primary and cultured cells by a Chinese herbal medicine formula for allergic rhinitis.	2007 Feb 15	17302969
Inhibition of release of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators in airway and vascular tissues and macrophages by a chinese herbal medicine formula for allergic rhinitis.	2007 Jun	17549238
The effect of levocabastine and furosemide pretreatment on hyperreactive response after nasal provocation with hypotonic aerosol in subjects with allergic rhinitis.	2007 Nov	17618447
The effect of a combined therapy with a histamine H1 antagonist and a chemical mediator release inhibitor on allergic conjunctivitis.	2008	18463425
Neurotensin protects pancreatic beta cells from apoptosis.	2008	18456542
[Intra-annual and seasonal allergic conjunctivitis treatment: comparison of two therapeutic protocols].	2008 Dec	19107071
Drug use in children: cohort study in three European countries.	2008 Nov 24	19029175
Effectiveness of twice daily azelastine nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis.	2008 Oct	19209282
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of sublingual immunotherapy in children with house dust mite allergy in primary care: study design and recruitment.	2008 Oct 20	18937864
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis with olopatadine hydrochloride eye drops.	2008 Sep	19668750
Contribution of alpha4beta1 integrin to the antiallergic effect of levocabastine.	2008 Sep 15	18680729
The effect of levocabastine hydrochloride on human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts: inhibition of proliferation, suppression of DNA synthesis and induction of apoptosis.	2009	19473114
Role of histamine H(4) receptor in allergic conjunctivitis in mice.	2009 Apr 17	19249296
beta-Lactotensin derived from bovine beta-lactoglobulin suppresses food intake via the CRF system followed by the CGRP system in mice.	2009 Dec	19720102
Evidence for a role of NTS2 receptors in the modulation of tonic pain sensitivity.	2009 Jul 6	19580660
Azelastine nasal spray for the treatment of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.	2009 Nov	20477689
[Effect of intra nasally applied fluticasone propionate and levocabastine on the expression of aquaporin 5 in nasal mucosa of rat with experimental allergic rhinitis].	2009 Oct	20128285
NT69L, a novel analgesic, shows synergy with morphine.	2009 Oct 19	19651107
Treatment of congestion in upper respiratory diseases.	2010 Apr 8	20463825
Levocabastine nasal spray significantly improves perennial allergic rhinitis: a single-blind placebo-controlled study.	2010 Aug	20138720
Evaluation of histamine-induced conjunctival oedema in guinea pigs by means of image analysis.	2010 Dec	20956272
Relation between cooling sheet effect and tear histamine concenration in allergic conjunctivitis.	2010 Jul	20606377
Bepotastine besilate, a highly selective histamine H(1) receptor antagonist, suppresses vascular hyperpermeability and eosinophil recruitment in in vitro and in vivo experimental allergic conjunctivitis models.	2010 Jul	20412793
Neurotensin is a regulator of insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells.	2010 Oct	20601081
Clinical utility and patient adherence with ebastine for allergic rhinitis.	2010 Oct 14	21206514
Azelastine hydrochloride, a dual-acting anti-inflammatory ophthalmic solution, for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.	2010 Sep 7	20856595
Treatment of allergic conjunctivitis: results of a 1-month, single-masked randomized study.	2010 Sep-Oct	20383847
Spinal NTS2 receptor activation reverses signs of neuropathic pain.	2013 Sep	23756650

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

The usual dose is one drop instilled in affected eyes four times per day.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Levocabastine binds the alpha(4)beta(1) integrin and prevents eosinophil adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), FN or human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro

Name

Type

Language

LEVOCABASTINE

Official Name

English

levocabastine [INN]

Common Name

English

LEVOCABASTINE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

Levocabastine [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

LEVOCABASTINE [MI]

Common Name

English

4-PIPERIDINECARBOXYLIC ACID, 1-(4-CYANO-4-(4-FLUOROPHENYL)CYCLOHEXYL)-3-METHYL-4-PHENYL-, (-)-(1(CIS),3.ALPHA.,4.BETA.)-

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NCI_THESAURUS

C29578