LEVALBUTEROL

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C13H21NO3
Molecular Weight	239.3107
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	1 / 1
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)C1=CC(CO)=C(O)C=C1

InChI

InChIKey=NDAUXUAQIAJITI-LBPRGKRZSA-N

InChI=1S/C13H21NO3/c1-13(2,3)14-7-12(17)9-4-5-11(16)10(6-9)8-15/h4-6,12,14-17H,7-8H2,1-3H3/t12-/m0/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020837s036lbl.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15293593 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10452786

Levalbuterol is the (R)-enantiomer of the drug substance racemic albuterol (salbutamol). Binding studies have demonstrated that (R)-albuterol binds to the beta2-adrenergic receptor with a high affinity, whereas (S)-albuterol binds with 100-fold less affinity than (R)-albuterol. Other evaluations have suggested that (R)-albuterol possesses the bronchodilatory, bronchoprotective, and ciliary-stimulatory properties of racemic albuterol, while (S)-albuterol does not contribute beneficially to the therapeutic effects of the racemate and was originally assumed to be inert. Xopenex (levalbuterol HCl) Inhalation Solution is indicated for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in adults, adolescents, and children 6 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease.

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Beta-2 adrenergic receptor 209 Target ID: CHEMBL210 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020837s036lbl.pdf	Agonist 2752		236.0 nM [Kd]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Asthma 244 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15293593 http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800005434	Primary		Approved 8583	XOPENEX Approved Use XOPENEX (levalbuterol HCl) Inhalation Solution Concentrate is indicated for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in adults, adolescents, and children 6 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. Launch Date 1999
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 175 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15293593 http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800005434	Primary		Approved 8583	XOPENEX Approved Use XOPENEX (levalbuterol HCl) Inhalation Solution Concentrate is indicated for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in adults, adolescents, and children 6 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. Launch Date 1999

C_max

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
1.1 ng/mL DRUG LABEL https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f3ce78d9-e923-400e-b3cd-3e6124ac7f6d&type=display	1.25 mg single, respiratory dose: 1.25 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
4.5 ng/mL DRUG LABEL https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f3ce78d9-e923-400e-b3cd-3e6124ac7f6d&type=display	1.25 mg 4 times / 2 hours multiple, respiratory dose: 1.25 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.303 ng/mL DRUG LABEL https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f3ce78d9-e923-400e-b3cd-3e6124ac7f6d&type=display	0.31 mg single, respiratory dose: 0.31 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
0.521 ng/mL DRUG LABEL https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f3ce78d9-e923-400e-b3cd-3e6124ac7f6d&type=display	0.63 mg single, respiratory dose: 0.63 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
199 pg/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021730s039lbl.pdf	90 μg single, respiratory dose: 90 μg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
238 pg/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021730s039lbl.pdf	180 μg single, respiratory dose: 180 μg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
163 pg/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021730s039lbl.pdf	90 μg single, respiratory dose: 90 μg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
238 pg/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021730s039lbl.pdf	180 μg single, respiratory dose: 180 μg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Analyte	Population
3.3 ng × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f3ce78d9-e923-400e-b3cd-3e6124ac7f6d&type=display	1.25 mg single, respiratory dose: 1.25 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
17.4 ng × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f3ce78d9-e923-400e-b3cd-3e6124ac7f6d&type=display	1.25 mg 4 times / 2 hours multiple, respiratory dose: 1.25 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
1.36 ng × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f3ce78d9-e923-400e-b3cd-3e6124ac7f6d&type=display	0.31 mg single, respiratory dose: 0.31 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
2.55 ng × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f3ce78d9-e923-400e-b3cd-3e6124ac7f6d&type=display	0.63 mg single, respiratory dose: 0.63 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
695 pg × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021730s039lbl.pdf	90 μg single, respiratory dose: 90 μg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
798 pg × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021730s039lbl.pdf	180 μg single, respiratory dose: 180 μg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
579 pg × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021730s039lbl.pdf	90 μg single, respiratory dose: 90 μg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
828 pg × h/mL DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/021730s039lbl.pdf	180 μg single, respiratory dose: 180 μg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:	LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
3.3 h DRUG LABEL https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f3ce78d9-e923-400e-b3cd-3e6124ac7f6d&type=display	1.25 mg single, respiratory dose: 1.25 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN
4 h DRUG LABEL https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=f3ce78d9-e923-400e-b3cd-3e6124ac7f6d&type=display	1.25 mg 4 times / 2 hours multiple, respiratory dose: 1.25 mg route of administration: Respiratory experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
90.55% REVIEW https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2005/021730s000_PharmR.pdf			LEVALBUTEROL plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
90 ug 1 times / day steady, respiratory Recommended Dose: 90 ug, 1 times / day Route: respiratory Route: steady Dose: 90 ug, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16846555/	unhealthy, 4 - 11 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: 4 - 11 years Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16846555/	Disc. AE: Asthma... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Asthma (1 patient) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16846555/
90 ug 4 times / day steady, respiratory Studied dose Dose: 90 ug, 4 times / day Route: respiratory Route: steady Dose: 90 ug, 4 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18219836/	unhealthy, > 12 years Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: > 12 years Sex: M+F Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18219836/	Disc. AE: Bronchitis, Dyspnea... Other AEs: Apparent life threatening event, Bronchitis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Bronchitis (45 patients) Dyspnea (45 patients) Lung disorder (45 patients) Other AEs: Apparent life threatening event (18 patients) Bronchitis (131 patient) Dyspnea (131 patient) Lung disorder (131 patient) Tachycardia (67 patients) Palpitation (67 patients) Chest pain (67 patients) Arrhythmia (67 patients) Hypertension (67 patients) Dyspepsia (67 patients) Nausea (67 patients) Leg cramps (67 patients) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18219836/

AEs

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B2-1685	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=56215
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A24.079.424	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A24.079.424
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	K16.552.699	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=K16.552.699
BioChemPartner	BCP28425	http://www.biochempartner.com/34391-04-3-BCP28425
BioSynth	J-019582	https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/all-products/products/J-019582.html
Chem Scene	CS-0013639	http://www.chemscene.com/34391-04-3.html
ChemMol	49408687	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/49408687.html
Chemspace	CSSB00000055422	https://chem-space.com/CSSB00000055422
Clearsynth	CS-O-10263	http://www.clearsynth.com/en/CSO10263.html
eNovation Chemicals	D145873	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=D145873
Hairui	HR126344	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/34391-04-3.html
Hairui	HR136879	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/51022-70-9.html
iChemical	EBD2321897	http://www.ichemical.com/products/34391-04-3.html?utm_source=PubChem&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=product%20catalogs
Lab Network	LN01343705	https://labnetwork.com/frontend-app/p/#!/moleculedetails/LN01343705
MedChem Express	HY-B1675	https://www.medchemexpress.com/levalbuterol.html
Parchem	29245	http://www.parchem.com/chemical-supplier-distributor/Levalbuterol-019245.aspx
Parchem	29262	http://www.parchem.com/chemical-supplier-distributor/Levosalbutamol-Levalbuterol--019262.aspx
Smolecule	S591464	https://www.smolecule.com/products/s591464
Synblock Inc	SB19749	http://www.synblock.com/product/34391-04-3.html
THE BioTek	bt-312097	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/others/bt-312097

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
The effect of alkylpolyglycoside surfactants on the crystallization of spray-dried salbutamol sulphate: a GravimetricNear-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.	2002	12423065
Novel system to investigate the effects of inhaled volume and rates of rise in simulated inspiratory air flow on fine particle output from a dry powder inhaler.	2002	12102616
[Pharmacodynamics of inhalation broncholytic agents introduced in a single dose by nebulizer in patients with severe exacerbation of bronchial asthma].	2002	11980113
A study of the crystallisation of amorphous salbutamol sulphate using water vapour sorption and near infrared spectroscopy.	2002 Apr 26	11955815
Levalbuterol has not been established to have therapeutic advantage over racemic albuterol.	2002 Aug	12170277
Comparative efficacy of levalbuterol and racemic albuterol in the treatment of asthma.	2002 Aug	12170276
Apparent ELISA detection times for albuterol after administration with the torpex equine inhaler device.	2002 Fall	12447838
Bronchodilating effects of salbutamol from a novel inhaler Airmax.	2002 Jul	12194632
Effects of albuterol enantiomers on ciliary beat frequency in ovine tracheal epithelial cells.	2002 Jun	12015353
[Clinical effect and mechanism of nitroglycerin patch on arresting preterm labor].	2002 Mar	11953077
Xopenex. New asthma relief for kids.	2002 May	12035642
In vitro evaluation of the release of albuterol sulfate from polymer gels: effect of fatty acids on drug transport across biological membranes.	2002 Nov	12476868
Question from the clinician: levalbuterol in managing pediatric asthma.	2002 Nov	12415020
Release of salbutamol sulphate and ketoprofen enantiomers from matrices containing HPMC and cellulose derivatives.	2002 Nov	12395398
Application of the chiral acyl anion equivalent, trans-1,3-dithiane 1,3-dioxide, to an asymmetric synthesis of (R)-salbutamol.	2002 Nov 29	12444646
A facile method of delivery of liposomes by nebulization.	2002 Nov 7	12399169
The effect of heliox-driven bronchodilator aerosol therapy on pulmonary function tests in patients with asthma.	2002 Oct	12442956
Particle interactions involved in aerosol dispersion of ternary interactive mixtures.	2002 Oct	12425471
The influence of relative humidity on particulate interactions in carrier-based dry powder inhaler formulations.	2002 Oct 10	12270608
Predicting the quality of powders for inhalation from surface energy and area.	2002 Sep	12403062
Effect of levalbuterol on prehospital patient parameters.	2002 Sep	12216049
Influence of excipients, drugs, and osmotic agent in the inner core on the time-controlled disintegration of compression-coated ethylcellulose tablets.	2002 Sep	12210050
Salbutamol sulfate suppositories: influence of formulation on physical parameters and stability.	2003	12665194
Investigation into the effect of humidity on drug-drug interactions using the atomic force microscope.	2003 Apr	12661066
Comparison of racemic albuterol and levalbuterol for treatment of acute asthma.	2003 Dec	14657817
Mirror images: is levalbuterol the fairest of them all?	2003 Dec	14657810
Prospective observational cohort safety study to monitor the introduction of a non-CFC formulation of salbutamol with HFA134a in England.	2003 Feb	12607629
Effect of aerosolized albuterol sulfate on resting energy expenditure determined by use of open-flow indirect calorimetry in horses with recurrent airway obstruction.	2003 Feb	12602595
Launois-Bensaude syndrome in a female with type 2 diabetes.	2003 Feb	12601297
Influence of physico-chemical carrier properties on the in vitro aerosol deposition from interactive mixtures.	2003 Feb 18	12550784
Levalbuterol compared to racemic albuterol: efficacy and outcomes in patients hospitalized with COPD or asthma.	2003 Jan	12527613
Preparation of dry powder inhalation by surface treatment of lactose carrier particles.	2003 Jan	12520118
Planar gamma scintigraphy--points to consider when quantifying pulmonary dry powder aerosol deposition.	2003 Jan 30	12527173
Levalbuterol is as effective as racemic albuterol in lowering serum potassium.	2003 Jul	12865102
Levalbuterol: pharmacologic properties and use in the treatment of pediatric and adult asthma.	2003 Jun	12839314
Levalbuterol toxicity: no reason to be jittery.	2003 Jun	12797506
Planar gamma scintigraphy--points to consider when quantifying pulmonary dry powder aerosol deposition.	2003 Jun 4	12753769
Characterization of particle-interactions by atomic force microscopy: effect of contact area.	2003 Mar	12669976
The effect of mechanical processing on surface stability of pharmaceutical powders: visualization by atomic force microscopy.	2003 Mar	12587123
Managing outpatient asthma exacerbations.	2003 Mar	12562559
Single-isomer levalbuterol: a review of the acute data.	2003 Mar	12562558
A system for the production and delivery of monodisperse salbutamol aerosols to the lungs.	2003 Mar 26	12623200
Characterisation of surface modified salbutamol sulphate-alkylpolyglycoside microparticles prepared by spray drying.	2003 Mar 6	12593937
Immobilization of fine particles on lactose carrier by precision coating and its effect on the performance of dry powder formulations.	2003 May	12712417
Influence of mechanical activation on the physical stability of salbutamol sulphate.	2003 Nov	14602182
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of epinephrine for the treatment of acute viral bronchiolitis.	2003 Oct	14557155
Changes in heart rate associated with nebulized racemic albuterol and levalbuterol in intensive care patients.	2003 Oct 1	14531242
Investigation of the physical properties of spray-dried stabilised lysozyme particles.	2003 Sep	14604464
Management of the acute exacerbation of asthma.	2003 Sep	14579990
Effects of carriers and storage of formulation on the lung deposition of a hydrophobic and hydrophilic drug from a DPI.	2003 Sep 16	12954190

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Children 6–11 years old: The recommended dosage of Xopenex (levalbuterol HCl) Inhalation Solution for patients 6–11 years old is 0.31 mg administered three times a day, by nebulization. Routine dosing should not exceed 0.63 mg three times a day. Adults and Adolescents ≥12 years old: The recommended starting dosage of Xopenex (levalbuterol HCl) Inhalation Solution for patients 12 years of age and older is 0.63 mg administered three times a day, every 6 to 8 hours, by nebulization.

Route of Administration: Respiratory

In Vitro Use Guide

Unknown

Name

Type

Language

LEVALBUTEROL

Common Name

English

LEVOSALBUTAMOL

Preferred Name

English

Levosalbutamol [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

LEVALBUTEROL [VANDF]

Common Name

English

ALBUTEROL (R)-FORM [MI]

Common Name

English

ASF-1096

Code

English

R-SALBUTAMOL

Common Name

English

levosalbutamol [INN]

Common Name

English

(R)-.ALPHA.(SUP 1)-((TERT-BUTYLAMINO)METHYL)-4-HYDROXY-M-XYLENE-.ALPHA.,.ALPHA.'-DIOL

Common Name

English

LEVOSALBUTAMOL [MART.]

Common Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NDF-RT

N0000175779