Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | C15H12NO3.Na |
Molecular Weight | 277.2504 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[Na+].NC1=C(C=CC=C1CC([O-])=O)C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2
InChI
InChIKey=MJAQSCHBMPGJES-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/C15H13NO3.Na/c16-14-11(9-13(17)18)7-4-8-12(14)15(19)10-5-2-1-3-6-10;/h1-8H,9,16H2,(H,17,18);/q;+1/p-1
DescriptionCurator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03299088 | http://www.rad-ar.or.jp/siori/english/kekka.cgi?n=35377 | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2012/203491Orig1s000MedR.pdf | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/021862lbl.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10850857
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03299088 | http://www.rad-ar.or.jp/siori/english/kekka.cgi?n=35377 | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2012/203491Orig1s000MedR.pdf | https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2005/021862lbl.pdf | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10850857
Amfenac (AHR 5850) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound possessing antipyretic and analgesic properties. It is an inhibitor of cyclooxygenases. Amfenac sodium has been on the Japanese market since 1986 (as FENAZOX®, Meiji) in an oral dosage form (50 mg, four-times-daily) indicated for the treatment of pain and inflammation associated with rheumatoid and osteoarthritis and low back pain, as well as the treatment of pain and inflammation following surgery, injury or tooth extraction. Amfenac is an active moiety of nepafenac (amfenac amide), the prodrug has very weak cyclooxygenase inhibitory activity whereas amfenac exhibits more potent cyclooxygenase activity. Nepafenac at a concentration of 0.1% (NEVANAC) was approved for marketing in the US in 2005. Nepafenac is also approved for marketing in the European Union(EU) and Japan as well as over 60 other countries for the treatment of postoperative pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL221 Sources: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?dr:D05143 |
64.3 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL230 Sources: http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?dr:D05143 |
0.15 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL221 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10850857 |
0.25 µM [IC50] | ||
Target ID: CHEMBL230 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10850857 |
0.15 µM [IC50] |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
---|---|---|---|---|
Palliative | NEVANAC Approved UseNEVANAC ophthalmic suspension is a nonsteroidal, antiinflammatory prodrug indicated for the treatment of pain and
inflammation associated with cataract surgery Launch Date2005 |
|||
Primary | FENAZOX Approved UseFENAZOX CAPSULES (Amfenac sodium hydrate) is usually used to relieve inflammation and pain in chronic rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, low back pain, shoulder periarthritis, cervico-omo-brachial syndrome, temporomandibular joint disease, post-operative state, post-traumatic state or post-odontectomy state. Launch Date1985 |
Cmax
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
205.3 ng/mL |
1 drop single, ocular dose: 1 drop route of administration: Ocular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
NEPAFENAC aqueous humor | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
0.847 ng/mL |
1 drop 1 times / day steady-state, ocular dose: 1 drop route of administration: Ocular experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
NEPAFENAC unknown | Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: ADULT sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
---|---|---|---|---|
331.1 ng × h/mL |
1 drop single, ocular dose: 1 drop route of administration: Ocular experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
NEPAFENAC aqueous humor | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Doses
Dose | Population | Adverse events |
---|---|---|
1 drop 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.209 |
unhealthy, 68.7+/- 9.08 n = 817 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery Age Group: 68.7+/- 9.08 Sex: M+F Population Size: 817 Sources: Page: p.209 |
Disc. AE: Hypersensitivity... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Hypersensitivity (0.12%) Sources: Page: p.209 |
1 drop 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery Sources: Page: p.1 |
Disc. AE: Bleeding, Healing delayed... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Bleeding Sources: Page: p.1Healing delayed Corneal disorder (NOS) Keratitis |
AEs
AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
---|---|---|---|
Hypersensitivity | 0.12% Disc. AE |
1 drop 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.209 |
unhealthy, 68.7+/- 9.08 n = 817 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery Age Group: 68.7+/- 9.08 Sex: M+F Population Size: 817 Sources: Page: p.209 |
Bleeding | Disc. AE | 1 drop 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery Sources: Page: p.1 |
Corneal disorder (NOS) | Disc. AE | 1 drop 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery Sources: Page: p.1 |
Healing delayed | Disc. AE | 1 drop 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery Sources: Page: p.1 |
Keratitis | Disc. AE | 1 drop 1 times / day multiple, topical Recommended Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Route: topical Route: multiple Dose: 1 drop, 1 times / day Sources: Page: p.1 |
unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery Sources: Page: p.1 |
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 14.0 |
inconclusive | |||
Page: 14.0 |
inconclusive | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no | |||
Page: 8, 14 |
no |
Drug as victim
Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
---|---|---|---|---|
Page: 14.0 |
inconclusive | |||
Page: 14.0 |
inconclusive | |||
Page: 14.0 |
inconclusive | |||
Page: 14.0 |
likely | |||
Page: 14.0 |
likely |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Topical nepafenac inhibits ocular neovascularization. | 2003 Jan |
|
Pharmacokinetics of topical ocular drug delivery: potential uses for the treatment of diseases of the posterior segment and beyond. | 2003 Jun |
|
Inflammation-mediated retinal edema in the rabbit is inhibited by topical nepafenac. | 2003 Oct |
|
Comparison of the analgesic efficacy and safety of nepafenac ophthalmic suspension compared with diclofenac ophthalmic solution for ocular pain and photophobia after excimer laser surgery: a phase II, randomized, double-masked trial. | 2006 Apr |
|
New drugs 06, part II. | 2006 Aug |
|
Nepafenac: a unique nonsteroidal prodrug. | 2006 Fall |
|
Ocular permeation and inhibition of retinal inflammation: an examination of data and expert opinion on the clinical utility of nepafenac. | 2006 Feb |
|
New drugs: ramelteon, tipranavir, nepafenac, and deferasirox. | 2006 Jan-Feb |
|
The effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor on the proliferation rate of retinoblastoma cell lines. | 2006 May |
|
Contributions of inflammatory processes to the development of the early stages of diabetic retinopathy. | 2007 |
|
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effectiveness of nepafenac 0.1% for cataract surgery. | 2007 Dec |
|
Re: Prostaglandin E(2) inhibition and aqueous concentration of ketorolac 0.4% and nepafenac 0.1% in patients undergoing phacoemulsification. | 2007 Dec |
|
Cystoid and diabetic macular edema treated with nepafenac 0.1%. | 2007 Dec |
|
Effects of topical anti-inflammatory agents in a botulinum toxin B-induced mouse model of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. | 2007 Feb |
|
Topical administration of nepafenac inhibits diabetes-induced retinal microvascular disease and underlying abnormalities of retinal metabolism and physiology. | 2007 Feb |
|
Comparative effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug nepafenac on corneal sensory nerve fibers responding to chemical irritation. | 2007 Jan |
|
Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension 0.1% for the prevention and treatment of ocular inflammation associated with cataract surgery. | 2007 Jan |
|
Prostaglandin E2 inhibition and aqueous concentration of ketorolac 0.4% (acular LS) and nepafenac 0.1% (nevanac) in patients undergoing phacoemulsification. | 2007 Jul |
|
Double-masked comparison of ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% versus nepafenac sodium 0.1% for postoperative healing rates and pain control in eyes undergoing surface ablation. | 2007 Jul |
|
Double-masked study of the effects of nepafenac 0.1% and ketorolac 0.4% on corneal epithelial wound healing and pain after photorefractive keratectomy. | 2007 Jul-Aug |
|
Nepafenac-associated corneal melt. | 2007 Nov |
|
Ketorolac tromethamine LS 0.4% versus nepafenac 0.1% in patients having cataract surgery. Prospective randomized double-masked clinical trial. | 2007 Nov |
|
The effects of a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and inhibition on human uveal melanoma cell proliferation and macrophage nitric oxide production. | 2007 Nov 27 |
|
Effects of nonsteroidal ophthalmic drops on epithelial healing and pain in patients undergoing bilateral photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). | 2007 Nov-Dec |
|
Case of corneal melting associated with the use of topical nepafenac. | 2007 Sep |
|
Incidence of visually significant pseudophakic macular edema after uneventful phacoemulsification in patients treated with nepafenac. | 2007 Sep |
|
In vivo pharmacokinetics and in vitro pharmacodynamics of nepafenac, amfenac, ketorolac, and bromfenac. | 2007 Sep |
|
The use of a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (Nepafenac) in an ocular and metastatic animal model of uveal melanoma. | 2007 Sep |
|
Topical nepafenac in the treatment of diabetic macular edema. | 2008 Dec |
|
Nepafenac dosing frequency for ocular pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery. | 2008 Dec |
|
Topical ophthalmic NSAIDs: a discussion with focus on nepafenac ophthalmic suspension. | 2008 Jun |
|
Topical ocular delivery of NSAIDs. | 2008 Jun |
|
Amfenac increases the radiosensitivity of uveal melanoma cell lines. | 2008 May |
|
Topical nepafenac as an alternate treatment for cystoid macular edema in steroid responsive patients. | 2008 Nov-Dec |
|
Effect of nepafenac sodium 0.1% on delayed corneal epithelial healing and haze after photorefractive keratectomy: retrospective comparative study. | 2008 Sep |
|
Etiology and treatment of the inflammatory causes of cystoid macular edema. | 2009 |
|
Intracameral dexamethasone reduces inflammation on the first postoperative day after cataract surgery in eyes with and without glaucoma. | 2009 |
|
Inhibition of surgically induced miosis and prevention of postoperative macular edema with nepafenac. | 2009 |
|
Management of ocular inflammation and pain following cataract surgery: focus on bromfenac ophthalmic solution. | 2009 |
|
Treatment of cystoid macular edema with the new-generation NSAID nepafenac 0.1%. | 2009 |
|
Gateways to clinical trials. | 2009 Apr |
|
Nepafenac: new drug. After cataract surgery: just another NSAID eye drop. No better than other NSAID eye drops, and less convenient to use. | 2009 Aug |
|
Nepafenac dosing frequency for ocular pain and inflammation associated with cataract surgery. | 2009 Aug |
|
Nepafenac-associated bilateral corneal melt after photorefractive keratectomy. | 2009 Sep |
|
Diabetic cataract-pathogenesis, epidemiology and treatment. | 2010 |
|
Ocular pharmacokinetics of 0.45% ketorolac tromethamine. | 2010 Dec 1 |
|
Impact of nepafenac 0.1% on macular thickness and postoperative visual acuity after cataract surgery in patients at low risk for cystoid macular oedema. | 2010 Jan |
|
Topical nepafenac for treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration. | 2010 Mar |
|
Effect of preoperative use of topical prednisolone acetate, ketorolac tromethamine, nepafenac and placebo, on the maintenance of intraoperative mydriasis during cataract surgery: a randomized trial. | 2012 Jul |
|
Nepafenac: an ophthalmic nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug for pain after cataract surgery. | 2013 Jun |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/pro/nepafenac.html
One drop of Nepafenac ophthalmic suspension, 0.3% should be applied to the affected eye one-time-daily beginning 1 day prior to cataract surgery, continued on the day of surgery and through the first 2 weeks of the postoperative period. An additional drop should be administered 30 to 120 minutes prior to surgery.
Route of Administration:
Topical
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10850857
Nepafenac exhibited only weak COX-1 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 64.3 uM). However, amfenac, an active metabolite of nepafenac, was a potent inhibitor of COX-1 (IC50 = 0.25 uM) and COX-2 activity (IC50 = 0.15 uM).
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DTXSID8048658
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61941-56-8
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C20288EWAG
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23665728
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ACTIVE MOIETY
SUBSTANCE RECORD