Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
Molecular Formula | C14H22N2O2.C4H6O6 |
Molecular Weight | 400.4235 |
Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
Defined Stereocenters | 3 / 3 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O[C@H]([C@@H](O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O.CCN(C)C(=O)OC1=CC=CC(=C1)[C@H](C)N(C)C
InChI
InChIKey=GWHQHAUAXRMMOT-MBANBULQSA-N
InChI=1S/C14H22N2O2.C4H6O6/c1-6-16(5)14(17)18-13-9-7-8-12(10-13)11(2)15(3)4;5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h7-11H,6H2,1-5H3;1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t11-;1-,2-/m01/s1
Rivastigmine (sold under the trade name Exelon) is a parasympathomimetic or cholinergic agent for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type and dementia due to Parkinson's disease. Rivastigmine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, inhibits both butyrylcholinesterase and acetylcholinesterase (unlike donepezil, which selectively inhibits acetylcholinesterase). It is thought to work by inhibiting these cholinesterase enzymes, which would otherwise break down the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Rivastigmine capsules, liquid solution, and patches are used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type and for mild to moderate dementia related to Parkinson's disease. Rivastigmine has demonstrated treatment effects on the cognitive (thinking and memory), functional (activities of daily living) and behavioral problems commonly associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease dementia. In people with either type of dementia, rivastigmine has been shown to provide meaningful symptomatic effects that may allow patients to remain independent and ‘be themselves’ for longer. In particular, it appears to show marked treatment effects in patients showing a more aggressive course of the disease, such as those with younger-onset ages, poor nutritional status, or those experiencing symptoms such as delusions or hallucinations. Side effects may include nausea and vomiting, decreased appetite and weight loss.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Doses
AEs
Overview
CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
---|---|---|---|
OverviewOther
Other Inhibitor | Other Substrate | Other Inducer |
---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
Drug as victim
Sourcing
PubMed
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Oral (Indicated for mild-to-moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type): Initial: 1.5 mg PO q12hr; Increase by 1.5 mg/dose q2Weeks; not to exceed 6 mg PO q12hr; Maintenance: 3-6 mg PO q12hr (higher end may be more beneficial);
Transdermal (Indicated for mild, moderate, and severe dementia of the Alzheimer's type): Initial: Apply 4.6 mg q24hr; Dose titration: May increase dose to 9.5 mg q24hr after a minimum 4 weeks if well tolerated; after an additional 4 weeks, may further increase to 13.3 mg patch if needed; Mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease: Effective dosage range is 9.5-13.3 mg/24 hr; Moderate-to-severe Alzheimer disease: Effective dose is 13.3 mg/24 hr; Replace with new patch q24hr
Route of Administration:
Other
The cytotoxicity of empty and Rivastigmine-loaded PHEA-EDASq17-PS80 micelles was evaluated on mouse neuroblastoma (Neuro2a) cell lines. cCells were seeded in 96 well plate at a density of 5×104 cells/well and grown in Minimum Essential Medium (MEM) with 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum) and 1% of penicillin/streptomycin (10,000U mL−1 penicillin and 10mg mL−1 streptomycin) at 37°C in 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere. After 72h of incubation, cells were treated with Riv-loaded micelles solutions in bidistilled water, having micelle concentrations of 1, 0.5 and 0.25mg/mL. Aliquots of micelle solutions (10 µL) were added to the cells in 100 µL fresh medium and incubated for 6, 24 and 48h. After incubation, 20 µL of MTT reagent solution [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, Sigma; 0.5mg mL−1)] were added to each well and plates were incubated at 37°C for 2h; the absorbance was then measured by a multiwell plate reader (Multiskan Ex, Thermo absystems, Finland), at 490nm after background correction. Cells treated with Riv (Rivastigmine) solutions in DMSO, with drug concentration of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.05mg/mL, were used as positive control