Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C18H18F3N3O3 |
| Molecular Weight | 381.349 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CC1=NOC(CCCOC2=C(C)C=C(C=C2C)C3=NOC(=N3)C(F)(F)F)=C1
InChI
InChIKey=KQOXLKOJHVFTRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C18H18F3N3O3/c1-10-7-13(16-22-17(27-24-16)18(19,20)21)8-11(2)15(10)25-6-4-5-14-9-12(3)23-26-14/h7-9H,4-6H2,1-3H3
DescriptionCurator's Comment: The description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB05105 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26169596
Curator's Comment: The description was created based on several sources, including
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB05105 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26169596
Pleconaril (Picovir) is an antiviral drug that was being developed by Schering-Plough for prevention of asthma exacerbations and common cold symptoms in patients exposed to picornavirus respiratory infections. Pleconaril binds to a hydrophobic pocket in viral protein 1, the major protein which comprises the capsid (the outer "shell") of picornaviruses. In enteroviruses, this prevents the virus from exposing its RNA, and in rhinoviruses, it also prevents the virus from attaching itself to the host cell. The results of two randomized, double-blind, placebo studies found Pleconaril treatment could benefit patients suffering from colds due to picornaviruses. Participants in the studies were healthy adults from Canada and the United States, with self-diagnosed colds that had occurred within 24 hours of trial enrollment. Participants were randomly given a placebo or two 200 mg tablets to take three times daily for five days. To increase absorption it was recommended to be taken after a meal. To monitor the effectiveness of Pleconaril, Participants recorded the severity of their symptoms and nasal mucosal samples were obtained at enrollment, day 3, day 6 and day 18. The two studies had a total of 2096 participates and more than 90% (1945) completed the trial. The most common reason for a participant not finishing the trial was an adverse event. Pleconaril treatment showed a reduction in nose blowing, sleep disturbance, and less cold medication used. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration rejected pleconaril in 2002 due to the side effects. The most commonly reported side effects were mild to a moderate headache, diarrhea, and nausea.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P03303|||Q84741|||Q89649 Gene ID: 1461213.0 Gene Symbol: NA Target Organism: Human rhinovirus 14 (HRV-14) |
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Target ID: CHEMBL2857 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11931615 |
58.0 nM [EC50] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Primary | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Curative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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| Curative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
0.3 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
0.44 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
1.66 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
2.03 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
400 mg single, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
3.39 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
600 mg single, oral dose: 600 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
4.3 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
800 mg single, oral dose: 800 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
5.25 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
1000 mg single, oral dose: 1000 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
1.14 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9756781/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
|
0.46 mg/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9756781/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
1272.5 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10049279/ |
5 mg/kg single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
|
836 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26407253/ |
8.5 mg/kg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 8.5 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
3.2 mg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
3.67 mg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
8.76 mg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
16.21 mg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
400 mg single, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
19.11 mg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
600 mg single, oral dose: 600 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
31.14 mg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
800 mg single, oral dose: 800 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
49.3 mg × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
1000 mg single, oral dose: 1000 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
9.08 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9756781/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
|
4.08 mg × h/L EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9756781/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
8131.2 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10049279/ |
5 mg/kg single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
|
6824 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26407253/ |
8.5 mg/kg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 8.5 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
34 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
18 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
100 mg single, oral dose: 100 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
19.9 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
35.2 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
400 mg single, oral dose: 400 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
22.3 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
600 mg single, oral dose: 600 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
28.2 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
800 mg single, oral dose: 800 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
27 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10354965/ |
1000 mg single, oral dose: 1000 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FED |
|
6.74 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9756781/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
|
4.38 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9756781/ |
200 mg single, oral dose: 200 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
|
5.7 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10049279/ |
5 mg/kg single, oral dose: 5 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: CHILD sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FED |
|
22.8 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26407253/ |
8.5 mg/kg 3 times / day steady-state, oral dose: 8.5 mg/kg route of administration: Oral experiment type: STEADY-STATE co-administered: |
PLECONARIL plasma | Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: NEWBORN sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
Funbound
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1% |
PLECONARIL unknown | Homo sapiens |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
1000 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 1000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1000 mg Sources: |
healthy, ADULT Health Status: healthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M Food Status: FED Sources: |
Other AEs: Syncope... |
400 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: FED Sources: |
Other AEs: Headache, Diarrhea... Other AEs: Headache (grade 1-2, 22%) Sources: Diarrhea (grade 1-2, 9%) Nausea (grade 1-2, 6%) Bronchitis (grade 1-2, 3%) Rhinitis (grade 1-2, 2%) Sinusitis (grade 1-2, 3%) |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Syncope | grade 1, 12.5% | 1000 mg single, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 1000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 1000 mg Sources: |
healthy, ADULT Health Status: healthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M Food Status: FED Sources: |
| Rhinitis | grade 1-2, 2% | 400 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: FED Sources: |
| Headache | grade 1-2, 22% | 400 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: FED Sources: |
| Bronchitis | grade 1-2, 3% | 400 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: FED Sources: |
| Sinusitis | grade 1-2, 3% | 400 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: FED Sources: |
| Nausea | grade 1-2, 6% | 400 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: FED Sources: |
| Diarrhea | grade 1-2, 9% | 400 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 400 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: FED Sources: |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| The need for treatment against human parechoviruses: how, why and when? | 2010-12 |
|
| Assessment of oral midazolam limited sampling strategies to predict area under the concentration time curve (AUC) during cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A baseline, inhibition and induction or activation. | 2010-12 |
|
| Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus 71. | 2010-11 |
|
| An RNA replication-center assay for high content image-based quantifications of human rhinovirus and coxsackievirus infections. | 2010-10-11 |
|
| Viral meningoencephalitis: a review of diagnostic methods and guidelines for management. | 2010-08 |
|
| Enterovirus genotype EV-104 in humans, Italy, 2008-2009. | 2010-06 |
|
| Rhinovirus genome evolution during experimental human infection. | 2010-05-11 |
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| Enterovirus 71 infection: An experience in Korea, 2009. | 2010-05 |
|
| Anti-human rhinovirus activity of raoulic acid from Raoulia australis. | 2010-04 |
|
| MicroRNA antagonism of the picornaviral life cycle: alternative mechanisms of interference. | 2010-03-19 |
|
| Human rhinovirus C: a newly discovered human rhinovirus species. | 2010 |
|
| Antiviral treatments reduce severity of diabetes in Ljungan virus-infected CD-1 mice and delay onset in diabetes-prone BB rats. | 2009-10 |
|
| Role of rhinovirus C in apparently life-threatening events in infants, Spain. | 2009-09 |
|
| Limited duration of vaccine poliovirus and other enterovirus excretion among human immunodeficiency virus infected children in Kenya. | 2009-08-23 |
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| New perspectives of infections in cardiovascular disease. | 2009-05 |
|
| New pleconaril and [(biphenyloxy)propyl]isoxazole derivatives with substitutions in the central ring exhibit antiviral activity against pleconaril-resistant coxsackievirus B3. | 2009-01 |
|
| Frequency and clinical relevance of human bocavirus infection in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | 2009 |
|
| Novel human rhinoviruses and exacerbation of asthma in children. | 2008-11 |
|
| Selective inhibitors of picornavirus replication. | 2008-11 |
|
| Iota-Carrageenan is a potent inhibitor of rhinovirus infection. | 2008-09-26 |
|
| Distinguishing molecular features and clinical characteristics of a putative new rhinovirus species, human rhinovirus C (HRV C). | 2008-04-02 |
|
| Potential use of antiviral agents in polio eradication. | 2008-04 |
|
| Treatment of viral myocarditis caused by coxsackievirus B. | 2008-01-15 |
|
| Enterovirus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome in children with malignancy: report of three cases and review of the literature. | 2008-01 |
|
| A case report of a premature infant with coxsackie B1 meningitis. | 2007-10 |
|
| WITHDRAWN: Antivirals for the common cold. | 2007-07-18 |
|
| Fatal coxsackievirus A-16 pneumonitis in adult. | 2007-07 |
|
| Sufficiently important difference for common cold: severity reduction. | 2007-06-06 |
|
| Characterisation of a newly identified human rhinovirus, HRV-QPM, discovered in infants with bronchiolitis. | 2007-06 |
|
| Genome-wide diversity and selective pressure in the human rhinovirus. | 2007-05-03 |
|
| Antiviral treatment of Coxsackie B virus infection in human pancreatic islets. | 2007-04 |
|
| Enteroviral infections in children with malignant disease: a 5-year study in a single institution. | 2007-04 |
|
| Gateways to clinical trials. | 2006-12 |
|
| An experimental model of rhinovirus induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: a pilot study. | 2006-09-06 |
|
| Gateways to clinical trials. | 2006-06 |
|
| Duration of pleconaril effect on cytochrome P450 3A activity in healthy adults using the oral biomarker midazolam. | 2006-05 |
|
| Investigation of treatment failure in neonatal echovirus 7 infection. | 2006-03 |
|
| The effect of oral pleconaril on hepatic cytochrome P450 3A activity in healthy adults using intravenous midazolam as a probe. | 2006-01 |
|
| Current status of anti-picornavirus therapies. | 2006 |
|
| Insights into the genetic basis for natural phenotypic resistance of human rhinoviruses to pleconaril. | 2005-12 |
|
| [Rhinovirus diseases: pathogenesis, diagnostics and treatment]. | 2005-11-11 |
|
| Susceptibility of coxsackievirus B3 laboratory strains and clinical isolates to the capsid function inhibitor pleconaril: antiviral studies with virus chimeras demonstrate the crucial role of amino acid 1092 in treatment. | 2005-10 |
|
| Pharmacokinetics of antivirals in neonate. | 2005-09 |
|
| Coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis: new trends in treatment. | 2005-08 |
|
| Viral encephalitis: a review of diagnostic methods and guidelines for management. | 2005-05 |
|
| Using benefit harm tradeoffs to estimate sufficiently important difference: the case of the common cold. | 2005-01-28 |
|
| Pleconaril--an advance in the treatment of enteroviral infection in immuno-compromised patients. | 2005-01 |
|
| Failure to clear persistent vaccine-derived neurovirulent poliovirus infection in an immunodeficient man. | 2004-05-08 |
|
| Neonatal coxsackie B virus infection-a treatable disease? | 2004-04 |
|
| Presentation, diagnosis, and management of enterovirus infections in neonates. | 2004 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26169596
Pleconaril’s antiviral activity was determined in a multicycle, virus-cell-based cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay in HeLa cells. The compound proved to be active against HRV strains from both the HRV-A (HRV09, HRV29, HRV85 and HRV89) and HRV-B group (HRV14, HRV70, and HRV86) with a 50 % effective concentrations (EC50’s) ranging from 0.01 μM to 15 μM.
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| Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
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WHO-ATC |
J05AX06
Created by
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C281
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WHO-VATC |
QJ05AX06
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FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
457214
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| Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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II-65
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4690
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1684
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m8918
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C81604
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153168-05-9
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DB05105
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C115201
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DTXSID8057649
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9H4570Q89D
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SUB09957MIG
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100000081912
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7617
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CHEMBL29609
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PLECONARIL
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ACTIVE MOIETY