ENALAPRIL SODIUM

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C20H27N2O5.Na
Molecular Weight	398.4285
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	3 / 3
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

[Na+].CCOC(=O)[C@H](CCC1=CC=CC=C1)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N2CCC[C@H]2C([O-])=O

InChI

InChIKey=FTTHROYWFRGKST-BDURURIASA-M

InChI=1S/C20H28N2O5.Na/c1-3-27-20(26)16(12-11-15-8-5-4-6-9-15)21-14(2)18(23)22-13-7-10-17(22)19(24)25;/h4-6,8-9,14,16-17,21H,3,7,10-13H2,1-2H3,(H,24,25);/q;+1/p-1/t14-,16-,17-;/m0./s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including

Enalapril (marketed as Vasotec in the US, Enaladex and Renitec in some other countries) is an angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in the treatment of hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, and some types of chronic heart failure. Enalapril, after hydrolysis to enalaprilat, inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in human subjects and animals. ACE is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. The beneficial effects of enalapril in hypertension and heart failure appear to result primarily from suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and to decrease aldosterone secretion.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 97 Target ID: CHEMBL1808 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17716647\|https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2984419	Inhibitor 8297		1.94 nM [IC50]
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 97 Target ID: CHEMBL1808 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15236580	Inhibitor 8297

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Highest Phase	Product
Hypertension 567 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf	Primary	Approved 8429	VASOTEC Approved Use Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive. Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials). Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.), Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive., Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials)., Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.) Launch Date 1985
Heart failure 103 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8429	VASOTEC Approved Use Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive. Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials). Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.), Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive., Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials)., Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.) Launch Date 1985
Asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction 5 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/018998s080lbl.pdf	Palliative	Approved 8429	VASOTEC Approved Use Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive. Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials). Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.), Hypertension Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of hypertension. Enalapril maleate is effective alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents, especially thiazide-type diuretics. The blood pressure lowering effects of enalapril maleate and thiazides are approximately additive., Heart Failure Enalapril maleate is indicated for the treatment of symptomatic congestive heart failure, usually in combination with diuretics and digitalis. In these patients enalapril maleate improves symptoms, increases survival, and decreases the frequency of hospitalization (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials)., Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Dysfunction In clinically stable asymptomatic patients with left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35 percent), enalapril maleate decreases the rate of development of overt heart failure and decreases the incidence of hospitalization for heart failure. (See CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY, Heart Failure, Mortality Trials for details and limitations of survival trials.) In using enalapril maleate, consideration should be given to the fact that another angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis, particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen vascular disease, and that available data are insufficient to show that enalapril maleate does not have a similar risk. (See WARNINGS.) In considering use of enalapril maleate, it should be noted that in controlled clinical trials ACE inhibitors have an effect on blood pressure that is less in black patients than in non-blacks. In addition, it should be noted that black patients receiving ACE inhibitors have been reported to have a higher incidence of angioedema compared to non-blacks. (See WARNINGS, Head and Neck Angioedema.) Launch Date 1985

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
44.27 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
37.61 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRILAT plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
84.9 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
372.6 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRILAT plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
10.75 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRIL plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN
24.73 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29050316	5 mg 2 times / day multiple, oral dose: 5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: MULTIPLE co-administered:		ENALAPRILAT plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	Disc. AE: Pruritus, Glossitis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Pruritus (grade 1-3, 0.7%) Glossitis (grade 1-4, 0.4%) Dry cough (all grades, 1.1%) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
10 mg 1 times / day single, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	healthy, mean age 32.4 years n = 51 Health Status: healthy Age Group: mean age 32.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 51 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	Disc. AE: Dysphagia, Hypotension... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Dysphagia (grade 1-2, 2%) Hypotension (grade 1-2, 2%) Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Dry cough	all grades, 1.1% Disc. AE	22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
Pruritus	grade 1-3, 0.7% Disc. AE	22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
Glossitis	grade 1-4, 0.4% Disc. AE	22.5 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (mean) Recommended Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 22.5 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/	unhealthy, adult n = 276 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: hypertension Age Group: adult Sex: M+F Population Size: 276 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3028633/
Dysphagia	grade 1-2, 2% Disc. AE	10 mg 1 times / day single, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	healthy, mean age 32.4 years n = 51 Health Status: healthy Age Group: mean age 32.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 51 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40
Hypotension	grade 1-2, 2% Disc. AE	10 mg 1 times / day single, oral Recommended Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: single Dose: 10 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40	healthy, mean age 32.4 years n = 51 Health Status: healthy Age Group: mean age 32.4 years Sex: M+F Population Size: 51 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf Page: nda/2013/204308Orig1s000MedR.pdf - p.40

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B2-0625	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=19981
3B Scientific (Wuhan) Corp	3B1-00374	http://www.3bsc.com/index/pro_info.php?id=20586
AA Blocks	AA005BQ7	https://www.aablocks.com/goods/Goods/detail?id=AA005BQ7
AEchem Scientific Corp., USA	AE1-001393	http://www.aechemsc.com/info_products/AE1-001393.php
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	API-1595	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/API-1595.html
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-00029	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-00029.html
AHH Chemical co.,ltd	MT-11674	http://www.ahhchemical.com/product/MT-11674.html
AK Scientific, Inc. (AKSCI)	H013	http://www.aksci.com/item_detail.php?cat=H013
Aaron Chemicals	AR005CHZ	http://www.aaronchem.com/76420-72-9
Achemtek	0104-001269	http://www.achemtek.com/76420-72-9
Alfa Chemistry	76420-72-9	https://www.alfa-chemistry.com/cas_76420-72-9.htm
Ambeed	A373644	https://www.ambeed.com/products/76420-72-9.html
Angene	AGN-PC-0OHT7X	http://www.angenechemical.com/productshow/AGN-PC-0OHT7X.html
Aurora Fine Chemicals LLC	A17.925.010	http://online.aurorafinechemicals.com/info?ID=A17.925.010
AvaChem Scientific	1676	http://www.avachem.com/productSearch.asp?1676
BLD Pharm	BD44671	http://www.bldpharm.com/products/76420-72-9.html
BioSynth	W-104365	https://www.biosynth.com/en/products/life-science/other-biochemicals/products/W-104365.html
ChemMol	44008660	http://www.chemmol.com/chemmol/44008660.html
Chemenu	CM124431	http://www.chemenu.com/products/CM124431
Chemodex	E0090	http://www.chemodex.com/products/E0090
Chemspace	CSSB00000040664	https://chem-space.com/CSSB00000040664
Glentham Life Sciences	GP3972	http://www.glentham.com/products/product/GP3972/
Hairui	HR134780	http://www.hairuichem.com/en/product/76420-72-9.html
LGC Standards	MM0010.01	https://www.lgcstandards.com/US/en/p/MM0010.01
Lab Network	LN01306238	https://labnetwork.com/frontend-app/p/#!/moleculedetails/LN01306238
OChem	6568	http://www.ocheminc.com/index.php?act=psearch&pid=420E729
Sigma-Aldrich	43301_SIAL	https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/43301?utm_source=pubchem&utm_campaign=pubchem_2017&utm_medium=referral
Smolecule	S527099	http://www.smolecule.com/products/s527099
TCI (Tokyo Chemical Industry)	E1302	http://www.tcichemicals.com/eshop/en/us/commodity/E1302/index.html
THE BioTek	bt-267222	https://www.thebiotek.com/product/inhibitors/bt-267222
Yuhao Chemical	LT5362	http://www.chemyuhao.com/76420-72-9.html
abcr GmbH	AB348847	http://www.abcr.com/shop/en/AB348847
eNovation Chemicals	K71208	https://www.enovationchem.com/ProductDetails.asp?ProductID=K71208
iChemical	EBD28670	http://www.ichemical.com/products/76420-72-9.html?utm_source=PubChem&utm_medium=website&utm_campaign=product%20catalogs
mcule	MCULE-3507396113	https://mcule.com/MCULE-3507396113/

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Severe childhood pemphigus vulgaris aggravated by enalapril.	2001	11455152
Barnidipine.	2001	11434453
Modulation of the renin-angiotensin system may alter the adrenocortical regeneration.	2001	11258541
Aspirin and ACE-inhibitors: for wedding or funeral?	2001 Apr	11406732
Involvement of angiotensin II in progression of renal injury in rats with genetic non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (Wistar fatty rats).	2001 Apr	11388646
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor suppresses glomerular transforming growth factor beta receptor expression in experimental diabetes in rats.	2001 Apr	11357481
Comparison of a vasopeptidase inhibitor with neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on bradykinin metabolism in the rat coronary bed.	2001 Apr	11300648
Different potentiating effects of imidapril and enalapril on kaolin-induced writhing reaction in mice.	2001 Apr 13	11350012
Determination of the antihypertensive drug cilazapril and its active metabolite cilazaprilat in pharmaceuticals and urine by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with photometric detection.	2001 Apr 15	11318420
Comparison of candesartan versus enalapril in essential hypertension. Italian Candesartan Study Group.	2001 Feb	11243303
Effects of the replacement of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril by the angiotensin II receptor blocker telmisartan in patients with congestive heart failure. The replacement of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition (REPLACE) investigators.	2001 Feb	11182175
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor induced hyperkalaemic paralysis.	2001 Feb	11161080
Treatment of congestive heart failure: guidelines for the primary care physician and the heart failure specialist.	2001 Feb 12	11176759
Volume-weighted mean nuclear volume and numerical nuclear density in the cardiomyocyte following enalapril and verapamil treatment.	2001 Jan	11213841
Losartan, an angiotensin type I receptor antagonist, improves conduit vessel endothelial function in Type II diabetes.	2001 Jan	11115412
Protective role of enalapril for chronic tubulointerstitial lesions of hyperoxaluria.	2001 Jul	11435885
Remission achieved in chronic nephropathy by a multidrug approach targeted at urinary protein excretion.	2001 Jul	11423757
Effect of the drug-matrix on the stability of enalapril maleate in tablet formulations.	2001 Jul	11377072
Effects of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat on cardiac endogenous kinins in rats with acute myocardial infarction.	2001 Jun	11390026
Comparison of effects of losartan versus enalapril on fibrinolysis and coagulation in patients with acute myocardial infarction.	2001 Jun 15	11397366
A retrospective analysis comparing the costs and cost effectiveness of amlodipine and enalapril in the treatment of hypertension.	2001 Mar	11301961
Beneficial effects of nicorandil versus enalapril in chronic rheumatic severe mitral regurgitation: six months follow up echocardiographic study.	2001 Mar	11297201
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor dosages in elderly patients with heart failure.	2001 Mar	11231438
Does enalapril prevent peritoneal fibrosis induced by hypertonic (3.86%) peritoneal dialysis solution?	2001 Mar-Apr	11330572
A randomized and double-blind comparison of isradipine and spirapril as monotherapy and in combination on the decline in renal function in patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension.	2001 May	11393383
Angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonism and ACE inhibition produce similar renoprotection in N(omega)-nitro-L>-arginine methyl ester/spontaneously hypertensive rats.	2001 May	11358938
Bradykinin stimulates the release of tissue plasminogen activator in human coronary circulation: effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.	2001 May	11345366
Reversible renal impairment induced by treatment with the angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan in a patient with bilateral renal artery stenosis.	2001 May 17	11388887
Lesser response to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor therapy in black as compared with white patients with left ventricular dysfunction.	2001 May 3	11333991
Effect of column temperature on the behaviour of some angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors during high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis.	2001 May 5	11393708
The effect of enalapril on advanced diabetic nephropathy in African-American females.	2001 Spring-Summer	11455995

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Hypertension: The recommended initial dose in patients not on diuretics is 5 mg once a day. Dosage Adjustment in Hypertensive Patients with Renal Impairment: The usual dose of enalapril is recommended for patients with a creatinine clearance >30 mL/min (serum creatinine of up to approximately 3 mg/dL). For patients with creatinine clearance ≤30 mL/min (serum creatinine ≥3 mg/dL), the first dose is 2.5 mg once daily. The dosage may be titrated upward until blood pressure is controlled or to a maximum of 40 mg daily. Heart Failure: The recommended initial dose is 2.5 mg. The recommended dosing range is 2.5 to 20 mg given twice a day

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Primary cultures of human proximal tubular cells (PTC) and renal cortical fibroblasts (CF) were exposed for 24 h to CyA in the presence or absence of enalaprilat (enalapril is a prodrug that is rapidly metabolized by liver esterases to enalaprilat). Enalaprilat completely reversed the stimulatory effects of CyA on CF collagen synthesis (CyA + enalaprilat 6.40 +/- 0.50% vs. CyA alone 8.33 +/- 0.56% vs. control 6.57 +/- 0.62% vs. enalaprilat alone 5.55 +/- 0.93%, p < 0.05) and PTC secretion of TGFbeta1 (0.71 +/- 0.11, 1.13 +/- 0.09, 0.89 +/- 0.07, and 0.67 +/- 0.09 ng/mg protein/day, respectively, p < 0.05).

Name

Type

Language

ENALAPRIL SODIUM

Common Name

English

(-)-ENALAPRIL SODIUM

Common Name

English

L-PROLINE, N-((1S)-1-(ETHOXYCARBONYL)-3-PHENYLPROPYL)-L-ALANYL-, MONOSODIUM SALT

Common Name

English

L-PROLINE, N-((1S)-1-(ETHOXYCARBONYL)-3-PHENYLPROPYL)-L-ALANYL-, SODIUM SALT (1:1)

Common Name

English

Code System Code Type Description

DRUG BANK

DBSALT001143