Details
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Molecular Formula | C16H23NO.ClH |
| Molecular Weight | 281.821 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
Cl.CC(CN1CCCCC1)C(=O)C2=CC=C(C)C=C2
InChI
InChIKey=ZBUVYROEHQQAKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C16H23NO.ClH/c1-13-6-8-15(9-7-13)16(18)14(2)12-17-10-4-3-5-11-17;/h6-9,14H,3-5,10-12H2,1-2H3;1H
DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://pharmacybook.net/mydocalm/ | http://en.remedy-info.com/ovr0_midokalm.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18482024 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/232053
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
https://pharmacybook.net/mydocalm/ | http://en.remedy-info.com/ovr0_midokalm.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18482024 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/232053
Tolperisone is a centrally acting muscle relaxant first synthesized in 1956 and used in clinical practice since the 1960’s. Tolperisone is an aryl alkyl β-aminoketone with an asymmetric carbon atom α to the carbonyl group. The dextrorotatory enantiomer was reported less effective, however, no detailed analyses of the enantiomers are available. The precise mechanism of action of tolperisone is not fully known. The most prominent effect of tolperisone is its inhibitory action on pathways of spinal reflexes. It suppresses the mono and polysynaptic reflex transmission by both pre-synaptic and post-synaptic mechanisms.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
297.6 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16681042/ |
450 mg single, oral dose: 450 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
64.1 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23217307/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
90.88 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
229.47 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
54 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
98.85 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
205.2 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
70.89 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
115.44 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
516 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16681042/ |
450 mg single, oral dose: 450 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
111.2 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23217307/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
151.92 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
682.03 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
81.09 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
170.2 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
274.6 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
101.11 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
194.63 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1.14 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16681042/ |
450 mg single, oral dose: 450 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
3.3 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23217307/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
|
2.7 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
2.66 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
2.91 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
2.33 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
2.82 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
2.84 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
|
2.44 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25953735/ |
150 mg single, oral dose: 150 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
TOLPERISONE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: FASTED |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
900 mg 3 times / day multiple, oral Highest studied dose Dose: 900 mg, 3 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 900 mg, 3 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M+F Food Status: FED Sources: |
|
15000 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 15000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 15000 mg Sources: |
unknown, ADULT Health Status: unknown Age Group: ADULT Sex: F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Other AEs: Apnoea, Myoclonus... |
25 mg single, oral Studied dose |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Other AEs: Urticaria, Anxiety... |
2700 mg single, oral Accidental dose Dose: 2700 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2700 mg Sources: |
healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
Other AEs: Seizures, Apnoea... Other AEs: Seizures Sources: Apnoea Cardiac arrest Acidosis (grade 3) Hypokalaemia Brain hypoxia |
AEs
| AE | Significance | Dose | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apnoea | 15000 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 15000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 15000 mg Sources: |
unknown, ADULT Health Status: unknown Age Group: ADULT Sex: F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
| Hypotension | 15000 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 15000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 15000 mg Sources: |
unknown, ADULT Health Status: unknown Age Group: ADULT Sex: F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
| Myoclonus | 15000 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 15000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 15000 mg Sources: |
unknown, ADULT Health Status: unknown Age Group: ADULT Sex: F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
| Tachycardia | 15000 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 15000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 15000 mg Sources: |
unknown, ADULT Health Status: unknown Age Group: ADULT Sex: F Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
| Anxiety | 25 mg single, oral Studied dose |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
| Urticaria | 25 mg single, oral Studied dose |
unhealthy, ADULT Health Status: unhealthy Age Group: ADULT Sex: M Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
| Apnoea | 2700 mg single, oral Accidental dose Dose: 2700 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2700 mg Sources: |
healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
| Brain hypoxia | 2700 mg single, oral Accidental dose Dose: 2700 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2700 mg Sources: |
healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
| Cardiac arrest | 2700 mg single, oral Accidental dose Dose: 2700 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2700 mg Sources: |
healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
| Hypokalaemia | 2700 mg single, oral Accidental dose Dose: 2700 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2700 mg Sources: |
healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
| Seizures | 2700 mg single, oral Accidental dose Dose: 2700 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2700 mg Sources: |
healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
|
| Acidosis | grade 3 | 2700 mg single, oral Accidental dose Dose: 2700 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2700 mg Sources: |
healthy, CHILD Health Status: healthy Age Group: CHILD Sex: unknown Food Status: UNKNOWN Sources: |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Comparative study of therapeutic response to baclofen vs tolperisone in spasticity. | 2017-03 |
|
| Pharmacological interventions other than botulinum toxin for spasticity after stroke. | 2016-10-06 |
|
| Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2. | 2011-07-14 |
|
| Differential effects of painful and non-painful stimulation on tactile processing in fibromyalgia syndrome and subjects with masochistic behaviour. | 2010-12-28 |
|
| Classification of drugs based on properties of sodium channel inhibition: a comparative automated patch-clamp study. | 2010-12-20 |
|
| Development of a list of potentially inappropriate drugs for the korean elderly using the delphi method. | 2010-12 |
|
| [IGOST guideline for pharmacotherapy of low back pain]. | 2010-08-12 |
|
| Tolperisone. | 2010-02 |
|
| NMR analysis, protonation equilibria and decomposition kinetics of tolperisone. | 2009-12-05 |
|
| [Co-analgesics--today and tomorrow--a receptor-based overview of therapeutical options]. | 2009-11 |
|
| [New therapies for spastic movement disorders]. | 2009-10 |
|
| [Efficiency local injection therapy with preparation mydocalm in myofascial pain syndrome cervicobrachial region]. | 2009 |
|
| Cannabinoids in the management of spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis. | 2008-10 |
|
| [Comparative efficacy of different muscle relaxants in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients with spasticity]. | 2008 |
|
| Tolperisone: a typical representative of a class of centrally acting muscle relaxants with less sedative side effects. | 2008 |
|
| Determination of eperisone in human plasma by liquid chromatography-ESI-tandem mass spectrometry. | 2007-09 |
|
| Considerable interindividual variation in the pharmacokinetics of tolperisone HCl. | 2007-02 |
|
| Silperisone: a centrally acting muscle relaxant. | 2007-01-18 |
|
| Grand rounds: an outbreak of toxic hepatitis among industrial waste disposal workers. | 2007-01 |
|
| [Use of local injections of tolperisone (midocalm) in combination with tractional therapy in the treatment of vertebral static syndrome]. | 2007 |
|
| [Post-operative pain therapy of a chronic pain patient]. | 2006-11 |
|
| [Comparative effciency of bakloferon and tolperizon central muscle relaxants in complex therapy of back pain]. | 2006-09 |
|
| A comparative study of the action of tolperisone on seven different voltage dependent sodium channel isoforms. | 2006-05-24 |
|
| HPLC determination of tolperisone in human plasma. | 2006-04 |
|
| [A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of tolperisone in spasticity following cerebral stroke]. | 2006 |
|
| Tolperisone-type drugs inhibit spinal reflexes via blockade of voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels. | 2005-12 |
|
| A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of tolperisone in spasticity following cerebral stroke. | 2005-06 |
|
| [A study of mydocalm efficiency in the treatment of chronic headache of tension]. | 2005 |
|
| [Midocalm in complex therapy of chronic low back pain syndrome]. | 2005 |
|
| Efficacy of repeated intrathecal triamcinolone acetonide application in progressive multiple sclerosis patients with spinal symptoms. | 2004-11-07 |
|
| Simple pharmacological test battery to assess efficacy and side effect profile of centrally acting muscle relaxant drugs. | 2004-10-18 |
|
| Antinociceptive effects of sodium channel-blocking agents on acute pain in mice. | 2004-06 |
|
| [Restorative treatment of degenerative-dystrophic diseases of large joints]. | 2004 |
|
| Separation of basic drug enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis using chicken alpha1-acid glycoprotein: insight into chiral recognition mechanism. | 2003-08 |
|
| Anaphylactic reactions to tolperisone (Mydocalm). | 2003-06-28 |
|
| [Back aches often become a chronic problem. Sodium channel block against chronification]. | 2003-06-19 |
|
| [Fibromyalgia also has psychological origins. "Often harmony seeking perfectionists"]. | 2003-05-01 |
|
| Identification of metabolic pathways involved in the biotransformation of tolperisone by human microsomal enzymes. | 2003-05 |
|
| Simultaneous micellar LC determination of lidocaine and tolperisone. | 2003-03-26 |
|
| [To make easier everyday life of stroke patients. Muscle relaxants diminish spasms]. | 2003-02-27 |
|
| [Mydocalm causing anaphylaxis]. | 2003 |
|
| Effect of muscle relaxants on experimental jaw-muscle pain and jaw-stretch reflexes: a double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. | 2003 |
|
| Prophylactic tolperisone for post-exercise muscle soreness causes reduced isometric force--a double-blind randomized crossover control study. | 2003 |
|
| [Spinal pain and its treatment with midocalm]. | 2003 |
|
| [Patient with chronic backache. Disabled or muscle spasm patient?]. | 2002-12-05 |
|
| [Muscular pain and fatigue: is fibromyalgia sticking behind? These points bring it to light]. | 2002-10-31 |
|
| Protein domain of chicken alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein is responsible for chiral recognition. | 2002-07-19 |
|
| [Preventing chronification. So pain isn't branded into memory]. | 2002-05-16 |
|
| [Mydeton: a centrally acting muscle relaxant drug from Gedeon Richter LTD]. | 2002 |
|
| [Neuropharmacological studies on tolperisone hydrochloride (author's transl)]. | 1979-10 |
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://pharmacybook.net/mydocalm/
The usual dose is Mydocalm (tolperisone) 150 mg, 1-3 times a day. It should be taken after meal. The maximum daily dose is 450 mg
Route of Administration:
Oral
The sodium channel blocking effects of Tolperisone was characterized in electrophysiological experiments on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. DRG cells were acutely dissociated from rat DRG of 6-day-old male rats. Tolperisone (0, 40, 80, 160, 320, and 640 mkM) dissolved in the extracellular solution were applied onto the cells via multibarreled ejection pipettes controlled by electromagnetic valves. Currents were recorded from fast-kinetics tetrodotoxin-sensitive DRG cells.
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| Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29696
Created by
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3644-61-9
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100000084637
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SUB04912MIG
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222-876-5
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C84220
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8Z075K2TIG
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92965
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DTXSID2045868
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DBSALT002004
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m10951
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CHEMBL1076211
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ACTIVE MOIETY
SUBSTANCE RECORD
