Homspera is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring human neuropeptide Substance P, which can be found throughout the body, including in the airways of humans and many other species. Substance P has been shown to stimulate cellular growth in cell culture, and it was shown that Substance P could promote wound healing of non-healing ulcers in humans. Homspera to be effective in treating the pulmonary injury as well as mitigating acute effects, including the hematopoietic syndrome, resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation. Homspera to be effective in stimulating human, adult, blood-forming stem cells (hematopoietic stem cells), which have previously been shown to be capable of becoming blood cells that are vital to the body’s immune system. Homspera may have potential benefit in situations where regenerating or stimulating the immune system is desired, as with patients undergoing chemotherapy who may develop leukopenia