Details
| Stereochemistry | ABSOLUTE |
| Molecular Formula | C17H19NO3.HI |
| Molecular Weight | 413.2501 |
| Optical Activity | UNSPECIFIED |
| Defined Stereocenters | 5 / 5 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
I.[H][C@@]12OC3=C(O)C=CC4=C3[C@@]15CCN(C)[C@]([H])(C4)[C@]5([H])C=C[C@@H]2O
InChI
InChIKey=ZQQQVQYRQVMRSU-VYKNHSEDSA-N
InChI=1S/C17H19NO3.HI/c1-18-7-6-17-10-3-5-13(20)16(17)21-15-12(19)4-2-9(14(15)17)8-11(10)18;/h2-5,10-11,13,16,19-20H,6-8H2,1H3;1H/t10-,11+,13-,16-,17-;/m0./s1
Morphine is one of the most important and widely used opioid for the treatment of chronic and acute pain: the very wide interindividual variability in the patients’ response to the drug may have genetic derivations. Sulphate salt of morphine sold under the many brand names, one of them, DURAMORPH, which is indicated for the management of pain severe enough to require use of an opioid analgesic by intravenous administration, and for which alternative treatments are not expected to be adequate. In addition for the epidural or intrathecal management of pain without attendant loss of motor, sensory, or sympathetic function. Morphine is a full opioid agonist and is relatively selective for the mu-opioid receptor, although it can bind to other opioid receptors at higher doses. The principal therapeutic action of morphine is analgesia. Like all full opioid agonists, there is no ceiling effect for analgesia with morphine. The precise mechanism of the analgesic action is unknown. However, specific CNS opioid receptors for endogenous compounds with opioid-like activity have been identified throughout the brain and spinal cord and are thought to play a role in the analgesic effects of this drug. Morphine has a high potential for addiction and abuse. Common side effects include drowsiness, vomiting, and constipation. Caution is advised when used during pregnancy or breast-feeding, as morphine will affect the baby.
CNS Activity
Originator
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: CHEMBL233 |
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Target ID: P41145 Gene ID: 4986.0 Gene Symbol: OPRK1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
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Target ID: P41143 Gene ID: 4985.0 Gene Symbol: OPRD1 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Palliative | DURAMORPH PF Approved UseDURAMORPH is indicated for: the management of pain severe enough to require use of an opioid analgesic by intravenous administration, and for which alternative treatments are not expected to be adequate.For the epidural or intrathecal management of pain without attendant loss of motor, sensory, or sympathetic function. Launch Date1984 |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
63 nM |
2 mg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MORPHINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
165 nM × h |
2 mg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MORPHINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
15.1 h |
2 mg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MORPHINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
Funbound
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
65% |
2 mg single, intravenous dose: 2 mg route of administration: Intravenous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
MORPHINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED |
Doses
| Dose | Population | Adverse events |
|---|---|---|
100 mg single, oral Highest studied dose |
healthy, adult |
|
180 mg 1 times / day steady, oral Dose: 180 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: steady Dose: 180 mg, 1 times / day Sources: |
unhealthy, adult n = 152 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: neuropathic pain Age Group: adult Sex: unknown Population Size: 152 Sources: |
Overview
| CYP3A4 | CYP2C9 | CYP2D6 | hERG |
|---|---|---|---|
Drug as perpetrator
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
| no |
Drug as victim
| Target | Modality | Activity | Metabolite | Clinical evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
| no | ||||
| yes [Km 10100 uM] | ||||
Page: - |
yes [Km 12600 uM] | |||
| yes [Km 14150 uM] | ||||
Page: - |
yes [Km 18000 uM] | |||
Page: - |
yes [Km 18700 uM] | |||
| yes [Km 25400 uM] | ||||
Page: - |
yes [Km 2600 uM] | |||
| yes [Km 3.4 uM] | ||||
Page: - |
yes [Km 3200 uM] | |||
Page: - |
yes [Km 37400 uM] | |||
| yes [Km 380 uM] | ||||
| yes [Km 4800 uM] | ||||
| yes [Km 6400 uM] | ||||
| yes | ||||
| yes | ||||
| yes |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| [Regulation of the central opioidergic nervous system on the emotional state of anxiety and its possible mechanisms]. | 1997 Jan |
|
| Butorphanol agonist effects and acute physical dependence in opioid abusers: comparison with morphine. | 1998 Dec 1 |
|
| Morphine inhibits human microglial cell production of, and migration towards, RANTES. | 2000 |
|
| The effects of intrathecal morphine encapsulated in L- and D-dipalmitoylphosphatidyl choline liposomes on acute nociception in rats. | 2000 Aug |
|
| The effect of spinal ibuprofen on opioid withdrawal in the rat. | 2000 Aug |
|
| Apnoea with intrathecal morphine. | 2000 Dec |
|
| The development of pain-related behaviour and opioid tolerance after neuropathy-inducing surgery and sham surgery. | 2000 Dec 1 |
|
| Comparison of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with tramadol versus morphine after microvascular breast reconstruction. | 2000 Jul |
|
| Systemic naloxone enhances cerebral blood flow in anesthetized morphine-dependent rats. | 2000 Nov 24 |
|
| Enhanced spinal nociceptin receptor expression develops morphine tolerance and dependence. | 2000 Oct 15 |
|
| Inhaled morphine to relieve dyspnea in advanced cystic fibrosis lung disease. | 2000 Sep |
|
| Downbeat nystagmus associated with intravenous patient-controlled administration of morphine. | 2000 Sep |
|
| Advantages of intrathecal nalbuphine, compared with intrathecal morphine, after cesarean delivery: an evaluation of postoperative analgesia and adverse effects. | 2000 Sep |
|
| mGlu5 receptors and nociceptive function II. mGlu5 receptors functionally expressed on peripheral sensory neurones mediate inflammatory hyperalgesia. | 2001 |
|
| Effect of dexmedetomidine on the release of [3H]-noradrenaline from rat kidney cortex slices: characterization of alpha2-adrenoceptor. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Large-dose oral dextromethorphan as an adjunct to patient-controlled analgesia with morphine after knee surgery. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Protein kinase C and G(i/o) proteins are involved in adenosine- and ischemic preconditioning-mediated renal protection. | 2001 Feb |
|
| A single nucleotide polymorphic mutation in the human mu-opioid receptor severely impairs receptor signaling. | 2001 Feb 2 |
|
| Multicentre randomised controlled trial of nasal diamorphine for analgesia in children and teenagers with clinical fractures. | 2001 Feb 3 |
|
| Knockdown of spinal metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR(1)) alleviates pain and restores opioid efficacy after nerve injury in rats. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Contralateral but not systemic administration of the kappa-opioid agonist U-50,488H induces anti-nociception in acute hindpaw inflammation in rats. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Comparison of three methods to find the vapor activity of a hydration step. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Cellular and synaptic adaptations mediating opioid dependence. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Circuitry underlying antiopioid actions of cholecystokinin within the rostral ventromedial medulla. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Ketorolac reduces postoperative narcotic requirements. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Morphine nerve paste. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Prehospital management of rapid atrial fibrillation: recommendations for treatment protocols. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Early serial EEG in hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Randomized clinical trial of diathermy versus scalpel incision in elective midline laparotomy. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Opiates, intracranial pressure, and autoregulation. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Buprenorphine substitution ameliorates spontaneous withdrawal in fentanyl-dependent rat pups. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Demographic and therapeutic determinants of pain reactivity in very low birth weight neonates at 32 Weeks' postconceptional Age. | 2001 Jan |
|
| The combined effects of N-type calcium channel blockers and morphine on A delta versus C fiber mediated nociception. | 2001 Jan |
|
| A prospective survey of patients after cessation of patient-controlled analgesia. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Clonidine combined with a long acting local anesthetic does not prolong postoperative analgesia after brachial plexus block but does induce hemodynamic changes. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Bupivacaine wound instillation via an electronic patient-controlled analgesia device and a double-catheter system does not decrease postoperative pain or opioid requirements after major abdominal surgery. | 2001 Jan |
|
| A randomized, double-blinded comparison of intrathecal morphine, sufentanil and their combination versus IV morphine patient-controlled analgesia for postthoracotomy pain. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Agmatine enhances the NADPH oxidase activity of neuronal NO synthase and leads to oxidative inactivation of the enzyme. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Parental perceptions of comfort during mechanical ventilation. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Sublingual morphine may be a suitable alternative for pain control in children in the postoperative period. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Morphine with or without a local anaesthetic for postoperative intrathecal pain treatment after selective dorsal rhizotomy in children. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Antianalgesic action of nociceptin originating in the brain is mediated by spinal prostaglandin E(2) in mice. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Augmented accumbal serotonin levels decrease the preference for a morphine associated environment during withdrawal. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Tonic descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla mediates opioid-induced abnormal pain and antinociceptive tolerance. | 2001 Jan 1 |
|
| Heroin-related deaths in Victoria: a review of cases for 1997 and 1998. | 2001 Jan 1 |
|
| Numerical density of mu opioid receptor expressing neurons in the frontal cortex of drug related fatalities. | 2001 Jan 15 |
|
| Acute thermal hyperalgesia elicited by low-dose morphine in normal mice is blocked by ultra-low-dose naltrexone, unmasking potent opioid analgesia. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
| Occurrence of morphine tolerance and dependence in the nucleus paragigantocellularis neurons. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
| Morphine induces short-lived changes in G-protein gene expression in rat prefrontal cortex. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
| Effect of organic cations on the renal tubular secretion of pseudoephedrine in the rat. | 2001 Jan-Feb |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
Dosage for Intravenous Administration: Adult Dosage: The initial dose of morphine should be 2 mg to 10 mg/70 kg of body weight.
Dosage for Epidural Administration: Adult Dosage: Initial injection of 5 mg in the lumbar region may provide satisfactory pain relief for up to 24 hours. If adequate pain relief is not achieved within one hour, careful administration of incremental doses of 1 to 2 mg at intervals sufficient to assess effectiveness may be given. Do not administer more than 10 mg per 24 hours.
Dosage for Intrathecal Administration: Adult Dosage: Intrathecal dosage is usually 1/10 that of epidural dosage. A single injection of 0.2 to 1 mg may provide satisfactory pain relief for up to 24 hours. (Caution: this is only 0.4 to 2 mL of the 5 mg/10 mL ampul or 0.2 to 1 mL of the 10 mg/10 mL ampul of DURAMORPH). Do not inject intrathecally more than 2 mL of the 5 mg/10 mL ampul or 1 mL of the 10 mg/10 mLampul. Repeated intrathecal injections of DURAMORPH are not recommended. If pain recurs, consider consider alternative routes of administration.
Route of Administration:
Other
It was evaluated the effect of morphine on the proangiogenic interaction taking place between macrophages and breast cancer cells in vitro. It was shown, that morphine prevents, in part via modulating VEGF-A expression, the pro-angiogenic interaction between macrophages and breast cancer cells. The conditioned medium (CM) from breast cancer cells co-cultured with macrophages elicited endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation. This effect was inhibited if the co-culture occurred in the presence of morphine (20 uM). Using a mouse antibody array, it was identified several angiogenesis-regulating factors differentially expressed in the CM of co-cultured cells prepared in the presence or absence of morphine (o, 10, 20 uM), amongst which interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A. VEGF was induced in both cell types by the co-culture and this was prevented by morphine in a non-naloxone reversible fashion. The effect of CM from co-cultured cells on endothelial tube formation, but not proliferation, was prevented by anti-VEGF neutralizing antibody
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630-82-0
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90410965
Created by
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806E27L76Z
Created by
admin on Sat Dec 16 11:14:18 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 11:14:18 GMT 2023
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ACTIVE MOIETY
SUBSTANCE RECORD
