Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | CO |
Molecular Weight | 28.0101 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[C-]#[O+]
InChI
InChIKey=UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/CO/c1-2
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and nonirritating but highly toxic gas generated by both natural and manufactured processes. CO displays many physiological roles in the neuronal, cardiovascular, and immune systems, as well as in the respiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, and urogenital apparatus, including anti‐apoptotic, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, anti‐proliferative, and vasodilator effects. Although many pathologies, including cancer, hematological diseases, hypertension, heart failure, inflammation, sepsis, neurodegeneration, and sleep disorders, have been linked to abnormal endogenous CO metabolism and functions, CO displays therapeutic actions. CO has demonstrated therapeutic potential against a wide range of human diseases. However, development of CO as a therapeutic agent is severely impeded, primarily due to the lack of pharmaceutically acceptable delivery forms of CO. The therapeutic use of CO is based on (i) the induction or gene transfer of HO‐1, (ii) the inhalation of gaseous CO, and (iii) the use of CO‐releasing molecules (CO‐RMs). There is a large amount of broad preclinical evidence of the benefits of CO in large and small animal models. Importantly, CO is effective both as a prophylactic and as a therapeutic in diverse models, such as malaria, organ transplantation and pulmonary hypertension. Inhaled CO and CO-RMs are in development as therapeutics; inhaled CO is being tested in Phase II clinical trials for kidney transplantation and various CO-RMs are under preclinical evaluation. The precise molecular targets for CO remain unclear with a wide range of evidence for both haem and non-haem targets. A commonality revolves around the contributions of the mitochondria and alterations in cellular bioenergetics. Inhaled CO delivery can be accomplished with an innovative delivery device. In addition strong medicinal chemistry is driving CO-RM development with efforts towards tissue specificity and the appropriate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiling. Inhaled CO
has found wide applications in basic research
in examining CO’s physiological and pathological roles, yet its application in human has many limitations, such as difficulty in precise
dose control, lack of portability and inability for targeted delivery, among others. In order to mitigate these limitations, a family
of transition metal based CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) have been elegantly devised, and have shown CO-associated biological
outcomes both in vitro and in vivo.
Proterris is developing an inhaled carbon monoxide (CO) therapy for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), delayed graft function (DGF), acute kidney injury and renal fibrosis.
Approval Year
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
---|---|---|
Dehydrogenase conversion to oxidase and lipid peroxidation in brain after carbon monoxide poisoning. | 1992 Oct |
|
Evidence against a major role of adenosine in oxygen-dependent regulation of erythropoietin in rats. | 1997 Aug |
|
Cadmium induces nuclear export of Bach1, a transcriptional repressor of heme oxygenase-1 gene. | 2003 Dec 5 |
|
An internal enhancer regulates heme- and cadmium-mediated induction of human heme oxygenase-1. | 2003 Sep |
|
CO modulates pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia: relation to endothelin. | 2004 Jan |
|
The CO/HO system reverses inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis and prevents murine doxorubicin cardiomyopathy. | 2007 Dec |
|
A new activating role for CO in cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis. | 2007 Jan 15 |
|
Modification of the interleukin-6 response to air pollution by interleukin-6 and fibrinogen polymorphisms. | 2009 Sep |
|
Air pollution and emergency department visits for otitis media: a case-crossover study in Edmonton, Canada. | 2010 Nov |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22431507
The inhalation of CO, at concentrations ranging between 20 and 500 ppm, has been shown to exert cytoprotective effects in murine models of IR and organ transplantation
Route of Administration:
Respiratory
Name | Type | Language | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
Official Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Systematic Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English | ||
|
Common Name | English |
Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
CFR |
21 CFR 862.3220
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
||
|
FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
733620
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
||
|
FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
241807
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
||
|
FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
530816
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
||
|
FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
379612
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
||
|
FDA ORPHAN DRUG |
573917
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
83
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
251
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
903
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
SUB32704
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
TT-120
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
2037
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | RxNorm | ||
|
C45678
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
CONCEPT | Industrial Aid | ||
|
143
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
CARBON MONOXIDE
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
7U1EE4V452
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
7U1EE4V452
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DB11588
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
211-128-3
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
166
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
167
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
C76742
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
281
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
100000126331
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
630-08-0
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
194
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
D002248
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
m3083
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
|
CHEMBL1231840
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
17245
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
DTXSID5027273
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY | |||
|
188
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:25:31 GMT 2023
|
PRIMARY |
ACTIVE MOIETY