Sunifiram (DM235) is a piperazine derived research chemical which has anti-amnesiac effects in animal studies. Though Sunifiram is a piracetam derivative, it has a different chemical structure from the racetams and is chemically classed as a piperazine alkaloid. It is known to work in two ways, both as an ampakine that stimulates the activity of glutamine receptors and as a cholinergic that increases the production and release of acetylcholine. Like many nootropics, Sunifiram’s precise mechanisms of action are not entirely understood. However, it is believed that its primary action is that of an ampakine, which means that after crossing the blood-brain barrier it binds to AMPA-type glutamate receptors in the brain. This stimulates the production of glutamate, a vital neurotransmitter that plays the pivotal role in neural activation. Sunifiram is also thought to act as a cholinergic, increasing the production and release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Though the exact process by which this occurs has not been identified, an Italian animal study showed that tests using piperazine compounds such as Sunifiram had a cholinergic effect similar to that of piracetam. No serious side effects of Sunifiram have been documented, but it’s important to remember that no human studies or clinical trials have been conducted.