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Details

Stereochemistry RACEMIC
Molecular Formula C19H24N2O4
Molecular Weight 344.4049
Optical Activity ( + / - )
Defined Stereocenters 2 / 2
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of FORMOTEROL

SMILES

COC1=CC=C(C[C@@H](C)NC[C@H](O)C2=CC=C(O)C(NC=O)=C2)C=C1

InChI

InChIKey=BPZSYCZIITTYBL-YJYMSZOUSA-N
InChI=1S/C19H24N2O4/c1-13(9-14-3-6-16(25-2)7-4-14)20-11-19(24)15-5-8-18(23)17(10-15)21-12-22/h3-8,10,12-13,19-20,23-24H,9,11H2,1-2H3,(H,21,22)/t13-,19+/m1/s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2012/020831s028lbl.pdf

Formoterol is a long-acting selective beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist (beta2-agonist). Inhaled formoterol fumarate acts locally in the lung as a bronchodilator. In vitro studies have shown that formoterol has more than 200-fold greater agonist activity at beta2-receptors than at beta1- receptors. Although beta2-receptors are the predominant adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and beta1-receptors are the predominant receptors in the heart, there are also beta2-receptors in the human heart comprising 10%-50% of the total beta-adrenergic receptors. The precise function of these receptors has not been established, but they raise the possibility that even highly selective beta2- agonists may have cardiac effects. The pharmacologic effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including formoterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Increased cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory mast-cell mediators such as histamine and leukotrienes. Formoterol also inhibits histamine-induced plasma albumin extravasation in anesthetized guinea pigs and inhibits allergen-induced eosinophil influx in dogs with airway hyper-responsiveness. The relevance of these in vitro and animal findings to humans is unknown. Formoterol is used for use as long-term maintenance treatment of asthma in patients 6 years of age and older with reversible obstructive airways disease, including patients with symptoms of nocturnal asthma, who are using optimal corticosteroid treatment and experiencing regular or frequent breakthrough symptoms requiring use of a short-acting bronchodilator. Not indicated for asthma that can be successfully managed with occasional use of an inhaled, short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist. Also used for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm, as well as long-term treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD. Marketed as Foradil Aerolizer.

CNS Activity

Curator's Comment: can partially cross the blood-brain barrier https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2013/07/drug-improves-cognitive-function-in-mouse-model-of-down-syndrome-study-says.html

Originator

Curator's Comment: Novartis

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
0.2 nM [EC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
FORADIL AEROLIZER

Approved Use

FORADIL AEROLIZER is a LABA indicated for: Treatment of asthma in patients ≥5 years as an add-on to a long-term asthma control medication such as an inhaled corticosteroid. Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in patients ≥5 years. Maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Launch Date

9.8219518E11
Primary
FORADIL AEROLIZER

Approved Use

FORADIL AEROLIZER is a LABA indicated for: Treatment of asthma in patients ≥5 years as an add-on to a long-term asthma control medication such as an inhaled corticosteroid. Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in patients ≥5 years. Maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Launch Date

9.8219518E11
Sourcing

Sourcing

Vendor/AggregatorIDURL
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Formoterol. An update of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in the management of asthma.
1998 Feb
A 3-month comparison of formoterol with terbutaline via turbuhaler. A placebo-controlled study.
1998 Sep
Formoterol and salmeterol in partially reversible chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A crossover, placebo-controlled comparison of onset and duration of action.
1999
Effect of beta(2)-adrenoceptor activation and angiotensin II on tumour necrosis factor and interleukin 6 gene transcription in the rat renal resident macrophage cells.
1999 Oct
beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonist suppresses renal tumour necrosis factor and enhances interleukin-6 gene expression induced by endotoxin.
2000 Dec
Formoterol: a review of its use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
2002
Comparison of second controller medications in addition to inhaled corticosteroid in patients with moderate asthma.
2002 May
Expression of inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) and beta-adrenergic regulation of breast cancer cell lines.
2004 Dec 16
Comparative pharmacology of human beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes--characterization of stably transfected receptors in CHO cells.
2004 Feb
Long-acting beta2-adrenergic formoterol and salmeterol induce the apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells.
2004 Jan
Pleiotropic beta-agonist-promoted receptor conformations and signals independent of intrinsic activity.
2007 Feb
Anti-proliferative and anti-remodelling effect of beclomethasone dipropionate, formoterol and salbutamol alone or in combination in primary human bronchial fibroblasts.
2008 Apr
Intramuscular beta2-agonist administration enhances early regeneration and functional repair in rat skeletal muscle after myotoxic injury.
2008 Jul
Long duration of airway but not systemic effects of inhaled formoterol in asthmatic patients.
2008 Mar
Effects of beclomethasone/formoterol fixed combination on lung hyperinflation and dyspnea in COPD patients.
2011
Potentiated interaction between ineffective doses of budesonide and formoterol to control the inhaled cadmium-induced up-regulation of metalloproteinases and acute pulmonary inflammation in rats.
2014
Patents

Patents

Sample Use Guides

For oral inhalation only. DO NOT swallow Foradil capsule. Foradil capsule should be always used with Aerolizer inhaler ONLY. Treatment of asthma in patients ≥5 years: Inhalation of one capsule every 12 hours in addition to concomitant treatment with a long-term control medication such as an inhaled corticosteroid. EIB: Inhalation of one capsule at least 15 minutes before exercise Additional doses should not be used for 12 hours. Maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with COPD: Inhalation of one capsule every 12 hours.
Route of Administration: Other
Formoterol (0.3nM) attenuated isoprenaline-induced bronchodilatation in human precision-cut lung slices containing small airways model.
Name Type Language
FORMOTEROL
HSDB   INN   MI   VANDF   WHO-DD  
INN  
Official Name English
OXIS
Brand Name English
FORMOTEROL [HSDB]
Common Name English
FORMOTEROL [MI]
Common Name English
EFORMOTEROL
Common Name English
formoterol [INN]
Common Name English
FORMOTEROL [VANDF]
Common Name English
Formoterol [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
FORMAMIDE, N-(2-HYDROXY-5-(1-HYDROXY-2-((2-(4-METHOXYPHENYL)-1-METHYLETHYL)AMINO)ETHYL)PHENYL)-
Systematic Name English
rel-N-[2-Hydroxy-5-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-[[(1R)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]amino]ethyl]phenyl]formamide
Systematic Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-VATC QR03AK08
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000175779
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
NCI_THESAURUS C48149
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-VATC QR03AK09
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC R03AK08
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC R03AK09
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
NDF-RT N0000009922
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-VATC QR03AC13
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC R03AL07
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-VATC QR03AK07
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC R03AK11
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC R03AC13
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-VATC QR03AK11
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC R03AL05
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
LIVERTOX 435
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC R03AK07
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
WHO-ATC R03AL09
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
Code System Code Type Description
FDA UNII
5ZZ84GCW8B
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
RXCUI
25255
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
MERCK INDEX
m5542
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY Merck Index
DRUG CENTRAL
1239
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB00983
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
3465
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1256786
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
3083544
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
INN
4935
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Formoterol
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C65754
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
HSDB
7287
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000086897
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
5147
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
73573-87-2
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
5ZZ84GCW8B
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB07788MIG
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
FORMOTEROL
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID1023077
Created by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:38:31 UTC 2023
PRIMARY