Details
Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
Molecular Formula | Mg.O3S2.6H2O |
Molecular Weight | 244.525 |
Optical Activity | NONE |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg++].[O-]S([S-])(=O)=O
InChI
InChIKey=CQDMJJVHDPDPHO-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI=1S/Mg.H2O3S2.6H2O/c;1-5(2,3)4;;;;;;/h;(H2,1,2,3,4);6*1H2/q+2;;;;;;;/p-2
Sodium thiosulfate (sodium thiosulphate/STS) is a chemical and medication. As a medication, it is used in combination with sodium nitrite under the trade name to NITHIODOTE treat cyanide poisoning. The primary route of endogenous cyanide detoxification is by enzymatic transulfuration to thiocyanate (SCN- ), which is relatively nontoxic and readily excreted in the urine. Sodium thiosulfate is thought to serve as a sulfur donor in the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme rhodanese, thus enhancing the endogenous detoxification of cyanide. In addition, Sodium thiosulfate is used in calciphylaxis in hemodialysis patients with end-stage kidney disease. Calciphylaxis is vasculopathy characterized by ischemia and painful skin necrosis due to calcification and intimal fibroplasia of thrombosis of the panicular arterioles. Sodium thiosulfate is used as treatment due to its antioxidant activity and as a chelating. Sodium thiosulfate renders renal protection by modulating the mitochondrial KATP channel for preventing urolithiasis. Moreover, STS was assumed to play a vital role in on ischemia reperfusion injury (IR). The effectiveness of STS as a cardioprotective agent was attributed to the reduction of apoptosis by binding to the active site of caspase-3 in silico, which was substantiated by the reduced expression of caspase-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase levels.
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
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Target ID: P42574 Gene ID: 836.0 Gene Symbol: CASP3 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28965151 |
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Target ID: Q15842 Gene ID: 3764.0 Gene Symbol: KCNJ8 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26742969 |
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Target ID: Q14654 Gene ID: 3767.0 Gene Symbol: KCNJ11 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26742969 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Curative | NITHIODOTE Approved UseSodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate are indicated for sequential use for treatment of acute cyanide poisoning that is judged to be lifethreatening. Use with caution if the diagnosis of cyanide poisoning is uncertain. Launch Date2011 |
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Palliative | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
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Preventing | Unknown Approved UseUnknown |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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METABOLISM, TOXICITY AND MANNER OF ACTION OF GOLD COMPOUNDS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF ARTHRITIS. I. HUMAN PLASMA AND SYNOVIAL FLUID CONCENTRATION AND URINARY EXCRETION OF GOLD DURING AND FOLLOWING TREATMENT WITH GOLD SODIUM THIOMALATE, GOLD SODIUM THIOSULFATE, AND COLLOIDAL GOLD SULFIDE. | 1941 Jul |
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Selective vs. nonselective media and direct plating vs. enrichment technique in isolation of Vibrio cholerae: recommendations for clinical laboratories. | 1980 Sep |
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Sodium thiosulfate disposition in humans: relation to sodium nitroprusside toxicity. | 1983 Jan |
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A rapid and accurate spectrofluorometric method for quantification and screening of urinary porphyrins. | 1988 Feb |
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Determination of thiosulfate in body fluids by GC and GC/MS. | 1991 May-Jun |
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Application of new fluorescent thiol reagent to diagnosis of homocystinuria. | 1991 Oct 26 |
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Nutritional aspects of dissimilatory sulfate reduction in the human large intestine. | 1997 Nov |
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Creation of transdermal pathways for macromolecule transport by skin electroporation and a low toxicity, pathway-enlarging molecule. | 1999 Oct |
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Gestational urinary hyperthiosulfaturia protects hypercalciuric normal pregnant women from nephrolithiasis. | 2004 |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
acute cyanide intoxication: Adults: 1.) Sodium Nitrite -10 mL of a 3% solution (300 mg) of sodium nitrite at the rate of 2.5 to 5 mL/minute 2.) Sodium Thiosulfate - 50 mL of a 25% solution (12.5 g) of a sodium thiosulfate solution immediately following administration of sodium nitrite.
Children: 1.) Sodium Nitrite -0.2 mL/kg of a 3% solution (6 mg/kg or 6-8 mL/m2 BSA) of sodium nitrite at the rate of 2.5 to 5 mL/minute not to exceed 10 mL (300 mg) 2.) Sodium Thiosulfate - 1 mL/kg of body weight using a 25% solution (250 mg/kg or approximately 30-40 mL/m2 of BSA) not to exceed 50 mL (12.5 g) total dose immediately following administration of sodium nitrite.
Route of Administration:
Intravenous
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28965151
There were investigated the effectiveness of Sodium thiosulfate (STS) as a cardioprotective agent is attributed to the reduction of apoptosis by binding to the active site of caspase-3 in silico, which was substantiated by the reduced expression of caspase-3 and poly ADP ribose polymerase levels. STS of 1 mM recovered H9C2 cells from glucose oxidase/catalase-induced apoptosis. The isolated rat heart treated with STS prior to reperfusion injury (IR) injury improved its hemodynamics and reduced the infarct size to 9%. An in silico docking analysis revealed higher binding affinity of STS for caspase-3 with a binding energy of - 60.523 kcal/mol for the complex.
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