Nonoxynol-9, is an organic compound that is used as a surfactant and vaginal spermicide used for contraception in spermicidal creams, jellies, foams, gel, and lubricants. It is also used in conjuction with other methods of contraception, including condoms, cervical caps and diaphragms. Nonoxynol-9 interacts with the lipids in the membranes of the acrosome and the midpiece of the sperm. The sperm membranes are lysed; the acrosome, neck and midpiece of the spermatozoa are loosened and then detached which results in their immobilization and death. Nonoxynol-9 offers no protection against sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhoea, chlamydia and does not prevent HIV infection and may even favour infection if used frequently. A possible reason, is that nonoxynol-9 can disrupt the epithelium, or wall, of the vagina, thereby potentially facilitating invasion by an infective organism and virus. Nonoxynol-9 and related compounds are ingredients in various cleaning and cosmetic products.
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
Target ID: P35354 Gene ID: 5743.0 Gene Symbol: PTGS2 Target Organism: Homo sapiens (Human) |
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Target ID: CHEMBL614870 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL613758 |
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Target ID: CHEMBL3390826 |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preventing | TODAY VAGINAL CONTRACEPTIVE Approved UsePrevents pregnancy |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Prophylactic contraceptives for HIV/AIDS. | 1999 Sep-Oct |
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| Cellulose acetate phthalate, a common pharmaceutical excipient, inactivates HIV-1 and blocks the coreceptor binding site on the virus envelope glycoprotein gp120. | 2001 |
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| Spermicidal & contraceptive properties of Praneem polyherbal pessary. | 2001 Apr |
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| Nonoxynol-9 may increase HIV transmission risk. | 2001 Aug-Sep |
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| Cellulose sulfate: tolerance and acceptability of penile application. | 2001 Dec |
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| Contraceptive efficacy and safety studies of a novel microemulsion-based lipophilic vaginal spermicide. | 2001 Jan |
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| Practical prevention of vaginal and rectal transmission of HIV by adapting the oral defense: use of commercial lubricants. | 2001 Jul 20 |
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| Properties of a new, long-lasting vaginal delivery system (LASRS) for contraceptive and antimicrobial agents. | 2001 May-Jun |
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| Incidence of acute urinary tract infection in young women and use of male condoms with and without nonoxynol-9 spermicides. | 2002 Jul |
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| Safety and tolerability of the new contraceptive sponge Protectaid. | 2002 Jun |
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| From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nonoxynol-9 spermicide contraception use--United States, 1999. | 2002 Jun 12 |
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| Effect of nonoxynol-9 gel on urogenital gonorrhea and chlamydial infection: a randomized controlled trial. | 2002 Mar 6 |
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| WHO/CONRAD technical consultation on nonoxynol-9, World Health Organization, Geneva, 9-10 October 2001: summary report. | 2002 Nov |
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| Rectal applications of nonoxynol-9 cause tissue disruption in a monkey model. | 2002 Oct |
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| Effectiveness of COL-1492, a nonoxynol-9 vaginal gel, on HIV-1 transmission in female sex workers: a randomised controlled trial. | 2002 Sep 28 |
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| The combined contraceptive ring NuvaRing and spermicide co-medication. | 2003 Apr |
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| Nonoxynol-9 ineffective in preventing HIV infection. | 2003 Apr |
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| Rectal use of nonoxynol-9 among men who have sex with men. | 2003 Apr 11 |
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| Nonoxynol-9 and sexually transmitted infections. | 2003 Feb |
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| [Contraceptive efficacy of bioadhesive nonoxynol-9 Gel: comparison with nonoxynol-9 suppository]. | 2003 Oct |
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| The evaluation of the local tolerance of vaginal formulations, with or without nonoxynol-9, using the slug mucosal irritation test. | 2004 Apr |
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| Lubricants containing N-9 may enhance rectal transmission of HIV and other STIs. | 2004 Aug |
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| Synthesis and spermicidal activity of a putative nitric oxide-releasing derivative of nonoxynol-9. | 2004 Jul |
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| Acceptability of COL-1492, a vaginal gel, among sex workers in one Asian and three African cities. | 2004 Jun |
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| Nonoxynol-9 100 mg gel: multi-site safety study from sub-Saharan Africa. | 2004 Nov 5 |
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| A case study on forensic polymer analysis by DIOS-MS: the suspect who gave us the SLIP. | 2004 Sep |
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| Interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8 predict mucosal toxicity of vaginal microbicidal contraceptives. | 2004 Sep |
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| Spermicidal effect of Jieze No. 1 in combination with nonoxynol-9 in vitro. | 2005 |
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| Inactivation of HIV-1 in breast milk by treatment with the alkyl sulfate microbicide sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). | 2005 Apr 29 |
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| Nonoxynol-9 induces apoptosis of endometrial explants by both caspase-dependent and -independent apoptotic pathways. | 2005 Aug |
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| Lea's Shield: colposcopic and microbiological testing during 8 weeks of use. | 2005 Jul |
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| Acceptability of five nonoxynol-9 spermicides. | 2005 Jun |
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| Review of non-hormonal contraception (condoms, intrauterine devices, nonoxynol-9 and combos) on HIV acquisition. | 2005 Mar |
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| The development of vaginal microbicides for the prevention of HIV transmission. | 2005 May |
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| A human colorectal explant culture to evaluate topical microbicides for the prevention of HIV infection. | 2005 Nov 1 |
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| Spermicide used alone for contraception. | 2005 Oct 19 |
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| Impact of membrane cholesterol content on the resistance of vesicles to surfactant attack. | 2005 Oct 25 |
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| Low pH immobilizes and kills human leukocytes and prevents transmission of cell-associated HIV in a mouse model. | 2005 Sep 30 |
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| Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C82130
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CHEMBL1410
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26027-38-3
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NONOXYNOL-9
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PRIMARY | Description: A clear, colourless to light yellow, viscous liquid. Solubility: Miscible with water, ethanol (~750 g/l) TS and olive oil R. Category: Adjunctive contraceptive agent. Storage: Nonoxinol 9 should be kept in a tightly closed container.Additional information: Nonoxinol 9 should be kept away from oxidizing agents. RequirementsDefinition: Nonoxinol 9 is an anhydrous liquid mixture containing mainly monononylphenyl ethers of macrogols. The content is not less than 95.0% and not more than 105.0% of Nonoxinol 9, calculated with reference to the anhydroussubstance. | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY
