SODIUM DESOXYCHOLATE

Details

Stereochemistry	ABSOLUTE
Molecular Formula	C24H39O4.Na
Molecular Weight	414.5538
Optical Activity	UNSPECIFIED
Defined Stereocenters	10 / 10
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

[Na+].[H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@]4([H])C[C@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])C[C@H](O)[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCC([O-])=O

InChI

InChIKey=FHHPUSMSKHSNKW-SMOYURAASA-M

InChI=1S/C24H40O4.Na/c1-14(4-9-22(27)28)18-7-8-19-17-6-5-15-12-16(25)10-11-23(15,2)20(17)13-21(26)24(18,19)3;/h14-21,25-26H,4-13H2,1-3H3,(H,27,28);/q;+1/p-1/t14-,15-,16-,17+,18-,19+,20+,21+,23+,24-;/m1./s1

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/206333Orig1s000lbl.pdf | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB03619 | https://www.nature.com/articles/srep17528

Deoxycholic acid is a a bile acid which emulsifies and solubilizes dietary fats in the intestine, and when injected subcutaneously, it disrupts cell membranes in adipocytes and destroys fat cells in that tissue. In April 2015, deoxycholic acid was approved by the FDA for the treatment submental fat to improve aesthetic appearance and reduce facial fullness or convexity. It is marketed under the brand name Kybella by Kythera Biopharma and is the first pharmacological agent available for submental fat reduction, allowing for a safer and less invasive alternative than surgical procedures. As a bile acid, deoxycholic acid emulsifies fat in the gut. Synthetically derived deoxycholic acid, when injected, stimulates a targeted breakdown of adipose cells by disrupting the cell membrane and causing adipocytolysis. This results in an inflammatory reaction and clearing of the adipose tissue remnants by macrophages. Deoxycholic acid's actions are reduced by albumin and tissue-associated proteins, therefore its effect is limited to protein-poor subcutaneous fat tissue. Protein-rich tissues like muscle and skin are unaffected by deoxycholic acid, contributing to its safety profile. Deoxycholic acid is a cytolytic agent. The physiologic effect of deoxycholic acid is by means of decreased cell membrane integrity. Deoxycholic acid inhibits miR-21 expression in primary rat hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner, and increases miR-21 pro-apoptotic target programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) and apoptosis. Deoxycholic acid decreases NF-κB activity, shown to represent an upstream mechanism leading to modulation of the miR-21/PDCD4 pathway.

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Potency
Staphylococcus aureus 67 Target ID: CHEMBL352 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28878747	Inhibitor 8297
Formyl peptide receptor 1 3 Target ID: CHEMBL3359 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11853704 \| http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=biology&ligandId=610	Antagonist 2778	4.0 null [pKi]
G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 15 Target ID: CHEMBL5409 Sources: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=biology&ligandId=610 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12419312	Agonist 2678	6.2 null [pEC50]
Bile acid receptor FXR 31 Target ID: CHEMBL2047 Sources: http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=biology&ligandId=610 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334993 \| https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10360171	Agonist 2678	4.0 null [pEC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Subcutaneous fat disorders 2 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2015/206333Orig1s000lbl.pdf	Primary		Approved 8429	KYBELLA Approved Use KYBELLA™ (deoxycholic acid) injection is indicated for improvement in the appearance of moderate to severe convexity or fullness associated with submental fat in adults Launch Date 2015
Lipoma 2 Sources: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00608842	Primary		Phase II 1132	Unknown Approved Use Unknown

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
249 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25684122/	100 mg single, subcutaneous dose: 100 mg route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEOXYCHOLIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
7241 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25684122/	100 mg single, subcutaneous dose: 100 mg route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEOXYCHOLIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
6.5 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25684122/	100 mg single, subcutaneous dose: 100 mg route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEOXYCHOLIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
2% EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25684122/	100 mg single, subcutaneous dose: 100 mg route of administration: Subcutaneous experiment type: SINGLE co-administered:		DEOXYCHOLIC ACID plasma	Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inhibitor 1587	inhibitor 1767	inhibitor 1852	inhibitor 1612

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP1A2 1524 CYP2B6 810 CYP2C8 911 CYP2C19 1478 BSEP 402 P-gp 1461 OATP1B1 788 OATP1B3 706 OCT2 647 OAT1 599 OAT3 642 MRP2 383 MRP4 204 BCRP 699	BSEP 52	CYP1A 56 CYP2B6 547 CYP3A 129

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
BCRP 773	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=13 Page: 13.0	no
MRP2 475	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=13 Page: 13.0	no
MRP4 238	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=13 Page: 13.0	no
OAT1 603	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	no
OAT3 644	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	no
OATP1B1 803	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	no
OATP1B3 715	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	no
OCT2 648	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	no
P-gp 1650	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	no
CYP1A 121	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	unlikely
CYP1A2 1692	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	unlikely
CYP2B6 1001	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	unlikely
CYP2B6 1001	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	unlikely
CYP2C19 1553	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	unlikely
CYP2C8 965	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	unlikely
CYP2C9 1819	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	unlikely
CYP2D6 1891	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	unlikely
CYP3A 298	inducer 1573 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	unlikely
CYP3A4 1925	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	unlikely
BSEP 403	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	yes [Ki 21.7 uM]

Drug as victim

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
BSEP 52	substrate 3367 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf#page=4 Page: 4.0	yes

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 1647	inhibitor 1626 Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2015/206333Orig1s000PharmR.pdf#page=21 Page: 21.0

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:28834	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:28834
ChemicalBook	CB8325514	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB8325514
MolPort	MolPort-002-507-414	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-002-507-414
ZINC	ZINC000003914810	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000003914810
eMolecules	29541141	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=29541141
eMolecules	29549277	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=29549277
eMolecules	496898	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=496898

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Bile acids: natural ligands for an orphan nuclear receptor.	1999 May 21	10334993
Frequency of tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in HIV infected patients from Bogota, Colombia.	2001	11722797
The linkage between beta1 integrin and the actin cytoskeleton is differentially regulated by tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation of beta1 integrin in normal and cancerous human breast cells.	2001	11716783
Upregulation of nitric oxide synthase in mice with severe hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.	2001	11686901
Expression of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the retina of the rdta transgenic mouse.	2001	11389773
Regulation of prostaglandin synthesis and cell adhesion by a tryptophan catabolizing enzyme.	2001	11375052
Modulation of steady-state messenger RNA levels in the regenerating rat liver with bile acid feeding.	2001 Apr	11303292
Oxygen free radical generating mechanisms in the colon: do the semiquinones of vitamin K play a role in the aetiology of colon cancer?	2001 Aug 15	11479033
Effect of bile acids on formation of azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci in colostomized F344 rat colon.	2001 Aug 28	11431100
Selective involvement of calcium and calcium channels in stimulated mucin secretion from rat colon.	2001 Dec	11761027
Bile acid metabolism by fresh human colonic contents: a comparison of caecal versus faecal samples.	2001 Dec	11709519
Effects of cisapride on gall bladder emptying, intestinal transit, and serum deoxycholate: a prospective, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial.	2001 Dec	11709518
Colonic luminal contents induce cyclooxygenase 2 transcription in human colon carcinoma cells.	2001 Feb	11159881
Modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in rat intestinal cells by colon tumor promoters.	2001 Jan	11115551
Latent TGF-beta binding protein LTBP-1 contains three potential extracellular matrix interacting domains.	2001 Jan	11112702
Fetal bile acid metabolism: analysis of urinary 3beta-monohydroxy-delta(5) bile acid in preterm infants.	2001 Jul	11474144
Combined effect of dietary calcium and iron on colonic aberrant crypt foci, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and fecal bile acids in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated rats.	2001 Jul-Aug	11410805
Chemical and physical factors affecting the excystation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts.	2001 Jun	11426720
Rat colon ornithine and arginine metabolism: coordinated effects after proliferative stimuli.	2001 Mar	11171621
[Perioperative nutritional management for patients with obstructive jaundice caused by biliary tract disease].	2001 May	11439612
Surface behaviour of bile salts and tetrahydrolipstatin at air/water and oil/water interfaces.	2001 May	11438285
Design and synthesis of novel chiral dendritic species derived from bile acids.	2001 May 4	11325268
Indirect evidence that intestinal bile salt absorption in rats and hamsters is under positive feedback control.	2001 Nov	11778152
Structural characteristics of size-controlled self-aggregates of deoxycholic acid-modified chitosan and their application as a DNA delivery carrier.	2001 Nov-Dec	11716684
External biliary drainage plus bile acid feeding is not equal to internal drainage in preserving the cellular immunity following prolonged obstructive jaundice.	2001 Sep	11575437
Functional alterations of splenocytes in severe acute pancreatitis.	2002 Feb	11796014

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

0.2 mL injections spaced 1-cm apart until all sites in the planned treatment area have been injected. (2.1) • Up to 50 injections or 10 mL may be injected in a single treatment. (2.1) • Up to 6 single treatments may be administered at intervals no less than 1 month apart. (2.1) Injection: 10 mg/mL sterile solution, supplied in 2 mL vials. Each vial is for single patient use.

Route of Administration: Other

In Vitro Use Guide

Unconjugated bile salts at their minimum inhibitory concentration (cholic and deoxycholic acid at 20 and 1 mM, respectively) killed S. aureus, and this was associated with increased membrane disruption and leakage of cellular contents.

Name

Type

Language

SODIUM DESOXYCHOLATE

Common Name

English

ATX-101 (SODIUM DESOXYCHOLATE)

Code

English

SODIUM DEOXYCHOLIC ACID

Common Name

English

NSC-681065

Code

English

3-.ALPHA.,12-.ALPHA.-DIHYDROXY-5-.BETA.-CHOLAN-24-OIC ACID SODIUM SALT

Common Name

English

SODIUM DEOXYCHOLATE [INCI]

Common Name

English

DEOXYCHOLIC ACID, SODIUM SALT

Common Name

English

SODIUM DESOXYCHOLATE [II]

Common Name

English

SODIUM DEOXYCHOLATE

Official Name

English

KYBELLA

Brand Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

NCI_THESAURUS

C843