Details
| Stereochemistry | ACHIRAL |
| Molecular Formula | C8H5Cl2O3.Na |
| Molecular Weight | 243.019 |
| Optical Activity | NONE |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 0 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
[Na+].[O-]C(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl
InChI
InChIKey=RFOHRSIAXQACDB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI=1S/C8H6Cl2O3.Na/c9-5-1-2-7(6(10)3-5)13-4-8(11)12;/h1-3H,4H2,(H,11,12);/q;+1/p-1
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was the first synthetic herbicide to be commercially developed and has commonly been used as a broadleaf herbicide for over 60 years. It is a selective herbicide that kills dicots without affecting monocots and mimics natural auxin at the molecular level. 2,4-D was developed during World War II as one of many
so-called phenoxy herbicides by aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war. It was
commercially released in 1946 becoming the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly
enhanced weed control in wheat, maize, rice, and other similar cereal crops because it specifically targets dicots.
This herbicide family is said to have “initiated an agricultural revolution and laid the corner stone of
present-day weed science” when it was first marketed in the 1940s.
Approval Year
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| Immunodetection of hepatic peroxisomal PMP70 as an indicator of peroxisomal proliferation in the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus. | 2000 Jul-Dec |
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| Physiological and genetic characteristics of two bacterial strains utilizing phenoxypropionate and phenoxyacetate herbicides. | 2001 |
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| 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenases from Burkholderia cepacia 2a and Ralstonia eutropha JMP134. | 2001 |
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| Effects of spraying the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T on a population of the tortoise Testudo hermanni in southern Greece. | 2001 |
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| Fluorescent Pseudomonas isolates from Mississippi Delta oxbow lakes: in vitro herbicide biotransformations. | 2001 |
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| Effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicide on escherichia coli growth, chemical composition, and cellular envelope. | 2001 |
|
| Galantamine for Alzheimer's disease. | 2001 |
|
| Dissipation of racemic mecoprop and dichlorprop and their pure R-enantiomers in three calcareous soils with and without peat addition. | 2001 |
|
| Propagation of Coriandrum sativum L. through somatic embryogenesis. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Partial characterization of genes whose transcripts accumulate preferentially in cell clusters at the earliest stage of carrot somatic embryogenesis. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Intracerebral administration of 2,4-diclorophenoxyacetic acid induces behavioral and neurochemical alterations in the rat brain. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Characterization of (R/S)-mecoprop [2-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid]-degrading Alcaligenes sp.CS1 and Ralstonia sp. CS2 isolated from agricultural soils. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Distributions and determinants of pre-emergent herbicide exposures among custom applicators. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Antigenic variation of gonococcal pilin expression in vivo: analysis of the strain FA1090 pilin repertoire and identification of the pilS gene copies recombining with pilE during experimental human infection. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Leaching of 2,4-D from a soil in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin: laboratory columns experiments. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Molecular characterization of a deletion/duplication rearrangement in tfd genes from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4) that improves growth on 3-chlorobenzoic acid but abolishes growth on 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. | 2001 Aug |
|
| Neuregulins increase alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and enhance excitatory synaptic transmission in GABAergic interneurons of the hippocampus. | 2001 Aug 1 |
|
| Uptake of endocytic markers by rice cells: variations related to the growth phase. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Auxin and heat shock activation of a novel member of the calmodulin like domain protein kinase gene family in cultured alfalfa cells. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Novel auxin transport inhibitors phenocopy the auxin influx carrier mutation aux1. | 2001 Feb |
|
| Optimizing production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in Marchantia polymorpha cell suspension culture. | 2001 Feb 23 |
|
| Parametric images of antibody pharmacokinetics in Bi213-HuM195 therapy of leukemia. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Quantitative and qualitative precision improvements by effective mobility-scale data transformation in capillary electrophoresis analysis. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Transport of [3H]MPP+ in an immortalized rat brain microvessel endothelial cell line (RBE 4). | 2001 Jan |
|
| Metabolism of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in laying hens and lactating goats. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Comparative degradation of [14C]-2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in wheat and potato after Foliar application and in wheat, radish, lettuce, and apple after soil application. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Induction of apoptosis in human lymphocytes by the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Primary structure and expression of a 24-kD vacuolar protein (VP24) precursor in anthocyanin-producing cells of sweet potato in suspension culture. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Mortality in chemical workers potentially exposed to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 1945-94: an update. | 2001 Jan |
|
| Regulation of DNA binding and trans-activation by a xenobiotic stress-activated plant transcription factor. | 2001 Jan 5 |
|
| Determination of pesticides in drinking water by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. | 2001 Jul |
|
| Genotoxic effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and its metabolite 2,4-dichlorophenol in mouse. | 2001 Jul 25 |
|
| Electrokinetic movement and biodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in silt soil. | 2001 Jul 5 |
|
| Unique renal tubule changes induced in rats and mice by the peroxisome proliferators 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and WY-14643. | 2001 Jul-Aug |
|
| Development of sampling and analytical methods for concerted determination of commonly used chloroacetanilide, chlorotriazine, and 2,4-D herbicides in hand-wash, dermal-patch, and air samples. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Hydrogen peroxide production in leukocytes during cerebral hypoxia and reoxygenation with 100% or 21% oxygen in newborn piglets. | 2001 Jun |
|
| Protective headgear for midwestern agriculture: a limited wear study. | 2001 Mar |
|
| In vitro plantlet regeneration in Panax sikkimensis. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Growth and production of camptothecin by cell suspension cultures of Nothapodytes foetida. | 2001 Mar |
|
| Structure-activity relationships for a large diverse set of natural, synthetic, and environmental estrogens. | 2001 Mar |
|
| [Effect of rye chromosomes on features of androgenesis in wheat-rye substituted lines of Triticum aestivum L. sort Saratovskaya 29/Secale cerale L. sort Onokhoiskaia and Triticale]. | 2001 May |
|
| Biomarker correlations of urinary 2,4-D levels in foresters: genomic instability and endocrine disruption. | 2001 May |
|
| Continuing research into Gulf War illness. | 2001 May 4 |
|
| Laboratory degradation studies of bentazone, dichlorprop, MCPA, and propiconazole in Norwegian soils. | 2001 May-Jun |
|
| Atrazine, isoproturon, mecoprop, 2,4-D, and bentazone adsorption onto iron oxides. | 2001 May-Jun |
|
| Toxic effects of the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on lymphoid organs of the rat. | 2001 May-Jun |
|
| Evaluation of plant growth promoting and colonization ability of endophytic diazotrophs from deep water rice. | 2001 Oct 4 |
|
| Determination of bentazone, dichlorprop, and MCPA in different soils by sodium hydroxide extraction in combination with solid-phase preconcentration. | 2001 Sep |
|
| Analysis of acidic pesticides using in situ derivatization with alkylchloroformate and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for GC-MS. | 2001 Sep |
Sample Use Guides
Neonate rats were treated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from the 7th or 12th until the 17th or 25th postnatal day. Two drug dosages were used: 70 and 100 mg/kg body weight of 2,4-D. At the 17th day of age, no changes were observed in body weight, protein and DNA content. However, 25-day-old treated pups showed diminutions in body and brain weight, protein and DNA levels, depending on doses and period of treatment.
Route of Administration:
Oral
Different doses of 2,4-D (10 nM, 100 nM, 1 uM, 10 uM, 100 uM, and 200 uM) were applied to human spermatozoa prepared from normal fresh semen samples. The results indicated that 2,4-D did not affect the viability, capacitation, or spontaneous acrosome reactions of human spermatozoa, but it dose-dependently inhibited the total motility, progressive motility, ability to penetrate viscous medium, and progesterone-induced capacitation and acrosome reaction rates.
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EPA PESTICIDE CODE |
30004
Created by
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| Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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1371448
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220-290-4
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2,4-D-sodium
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DTXSID4027496
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28854
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m4063
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1371449
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23676704
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2702-72-9
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2H005922RS
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19351
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2H005922RS
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SUBSTANCE RECORD
