HYDRALAZINE

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C8H8N4
Molecular Weight	160.1759
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

NNC1=NN=CC2=C1C=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=RPTUSVTUFVMDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C8H8N4/c9-11-8-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)5-10-12-8/h1-5H,9H2,(H,11,12)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01275
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.drugs.com/cdi/hydralazine.html

Hydralazine is a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. Hydralazine works by relaxing blood vessels (arterioles more than venules) and increasing the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its workload. It also functions as an antioxidant. It inhibits membrane-bound enzymes that form reactive oxygen species, such as superoxides. Excessive superoxide counteracts NO-induced vasodilation. Hydralazine is used for the treatment of essential hypertension, alone or as an adjunct. Also for the management of severe hypertension when the drug cannot be given orally or when blood pressure must be lowered immediately, congestive heart failure (in combination with cardiac glycosides and diuretics and/or with isosorbide dinitrate), and hypertension secondary to pre-eclampsia/eclampsia.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Amine oxidase, copper containing 9 Target ID: CHEMBL3437 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01275	Inhibitor 8297
uterine smooth muscle contraction 3 Target ID: GO:0070471 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3354891	Inhibitor 8297		400.0 nM [IC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Hypertension 567 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf	Primary		Approved 8429	Hydralazine Hydrochloride Approved Use Severe essential hypertension when the drug cannot be given orally or when there is an urgent need to lower blood pressure. Launch Date 1985

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
3 μM EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6653641	50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
407 μM × h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6653641	50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
2 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6653641	50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
13% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf			HYDRALAZINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
2000 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 2000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2000 mg Co-administed with:: ethanol Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536497	unhealthy, 27 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 27 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536497	Disc. AE: Tachycardia... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Tachycardia Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536497
750 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 750 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 750 mg Co-administed with:: clonazepam, p.o(10 mg, single) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	unhealthy, 38 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 38 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	Disc. AE: Lethargy, Hypotension... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Lethargy Hypotension Tachycardia Chest pain Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54
200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527	Disc. AE: Skin rash, Febrile reaction... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Skin rash (rare) Febrile reaction (rare) Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527
300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2	Disc. AE: Systemic lupus erythematosus synd, Glomerulonephritis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus synd Glomerulonephritis Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2
300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3	Disc. AE: Angina pectoris, Myocardial infarction... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction Peripheral neuritis Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3
40 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 40 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 40 mg Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1	Disc. AE: Systemic lupus erythematosus synd, Glomerulonephritis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus synd Glomerulonephritis Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Tachycardia	Disc. AE	2000 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 2000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2000 mg Co-administed with:: ethanol Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536497	unhealthy, 27 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 27 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536497
Chest pain	Disc. AE	750 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 750 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 750 mg Co-administed with:: clonazepam, p.o(10 mg, single) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	unhealthy, 38 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 38 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54
Hypotension	Disc. AE	750 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 750 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 750 mg Co-administed with:: clonazepam, p.o(10 mg, single) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	unhealthy, 38 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 38 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54
Lethargy	Disc. AE	750 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 750 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 750 mg Co-administed with:: clonazepam, p.o(10 mg, single) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	unhealthy, 38 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 38 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54
Tachycardia	Disc. AE	750 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 750 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 750 mg Co-administed with:: clonazepam, p.o(10 mg, single) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	unhealthy, 38 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 38 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54
Febrile reaction	rare Disc. AE	200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527
Skin rash	rare Disc. AE	200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527
Glomerulonephritis	Disc. AE	300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2
Systemic lupus erythematosus synd	Disc. AE	300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2
Angina pectoris	Disc. AE	300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3
Myocardial infarction	Disc. AE	300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3
Peripheral neuritis	Disc. AE	300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3
Glomerulonephritis	Disc. AE	40 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 40 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 40 mg Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1
Systemic lupus erythematosus synd	Disc. AE	40 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 40 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 40 mg Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inhibitor 1587	inhibitor 1767	inhibitor 1852	inhibitor 1612

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP1A2 1524 CYP2B6 810 CYP2C8 911 CYP2C19 1478 CYP3A 214 aldehyde oxidase 7 CYP2A6 707 BSEP 402 OCT1 512 OATP1B1 788 OATP1B3 706

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
BSEP 403	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22961681/	no [IC50 >1000 uM]
CYP2A6 739	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22522748/, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwzNzIxIiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDI3NjgzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	no
CYP2C19 1553	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	unlikely
CYP2C8 965	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	unlikely
CYP2C9 1819	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	unlikely
OCT1 543	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18788725/	unlikely
CYP3A4 1925	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9384469/, https://bioinformatics.charite.de/transformer/index.php?site=fullinfo&cname=000086544	yes [IC50 197 uM]
aldehyde oxidase 8	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22522748/	yes [Ki 83 uM]
CYP1A2 1692	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	yes
CYP2B6 1001	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	yes
CYP2D6 1891	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	yes
CYP3A 298	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	yes
OATP1B1 803	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23571415/	yes
OATP1B3 715	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23571415/	yes

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 1647	inhibitor 1626 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwyNDAiLCJ1c2VfY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5Ijp0cnVlLCJzZWFyY2hfdGVybSI6IiIsInRleHRfZmlsdGVyIjoiQ0hFTUJMMjc2ODMyIn19

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:5775	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:5775
ChemicalBook	CB1855362	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB1855362
MolPort	MolPort-000-876-738	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-000-876-738
ZINC	ZINC000012360535	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000012360535
eMolecules	1978120	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=1978120
eMolecules	975874	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=975874

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Some side-effects of alpha-methyldopa.	1976 Apr 10	1224274
Clinical consequences of polymorphic acetylation of basic drugs.	1977 Sep	19187
Immunological side-effects of antihypertensive drugs.	1979	288303
Therapeutic implications of hypertension-induced glomerular injury. Comparison of enalapril and a combination of hydralazine, reserpine, and hydrochlorothiazide in an experimental model.	1985 Sep 27	2996345
Drug-associated glomerulopathies.	1986	2940667
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic role of prazosin and related alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists.	1986	2872958
Therapeutic advantage of converting enzyme inhibitors in arresting progressive renal disease associated with systemic hypertension in the rat.	1986 Jun	3011863
Isolated minimal change nephropathy associated with diclofenac.	1987 Jul 18	3115369
Hydralazine-induced cholestatic jaundice following liver transplantation.	1989 Jan	2643228
Prevention of arterial disease in experimental renal hypertension.	1990 Apr	1971779
Changes of atrial natriuretic peptide and its messenger RNA with development and regression of cardiac hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats.	1990 Jan	2136812
Acute cocaine toxicity: antagonism by agents interacting with adrenoceptors.	1990 Jun	2162541
Hemodynamic effects of adenosine agonists in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat.	1990 Sep	2203898
Features of the acute hypotensive action of carvedilol and its ameliorating effect on myocardial ischemia.	1991	1721975
Renal arteriolar diameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Vascular cast study.	1991 Jul	1860704
The antihypertensive hydralazine is an efficient scavenger of acrolein.	2000	10905545
Drug-associated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive vasculitis: prevalence among patients with high titers of antimyeloperoxidase antibodies.	2000 Feb	10693882
Nephroprotective effect of treatment with calcium channel blockers in spontaneously hypertensive rats.	2000 Sep	10945845
Blood pressure-independent effect of angiotensin AT1 receptor blockade on renal endothelin-1 production in hypertensive uremic rats.	2001 Aug	11518857
Persistent cardiovascular effects of chronic renin-angiotensin system inhibition following withdrawal in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats.	2001 Aug	11518847
Nifedipine or hydralazine as a first-line agent to control hypertension in severe preeclampsia.	2002 Jan	11942883
High-throughput measurement of the Tp53 response to anticancer drugs and random compounds using a stably integrated Tp53-responsive luciferase reporter.	2002 Jun	12082016
Contrasting effects of chronic ethanol feeding on centrally and peripherally evoked hypotension in telemetered female rats.	2004 Mar	15196476
Reactivity of hydrazinophthalazine drugs with the lipid peroxidation products acrolein and crotonaldehyde.	2004 Sep 21	15351821
Calcium channel blockades exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects by augmentation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme in the N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-induced hypertensive rat aorta: vasoprotective effects beyond the blood pressure-lowering effects of amlodipine and manidipine.	2005 Aug	16392774
Eukaryotic arylamine N-acetyltransferase. Investigation of substrate specificity by high-throughput screening.	2005 Jan 15	15627487
Synthesis and luminescence properties of lanthanide complexes incorporating a hydralazine-derived chromophore.	2005 Jan 7	15605158
AT1 receptor blockade is superior to conventional triple therapy in protecting against end-organ damage in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats with inducible hypertension.	2006 Dec	17082731
Hydralazine target: from blood vessels to the epigenome.	2006 Feb 28	16507100
Antineoplastic effects of the DNA methylation inhibitor hydralazine and the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid in cancer cell lines.	2006 Jan 31	16448574
Podocyte injury underlies the glomerulopathy of Dahl salt-hypertensive rats and is reversed by aldosterone blocker.	2006 Jun	16636193
Hydralazine inhibits rapid acrolein-induced protein oligomerization: role of aldehyde scavenging and adduct trapping in cross-link blocking and cytoprotection.	2006 Mar	16368895
Early and sustained benefit on event-free survival and heart failure hospitalization from fixed-dose combination of isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine: consistency across subgroups in the African-American Heart Failure Trial.	2007 Apr 3	17372175
A randomised comparison of hydralazine and mini-bolus diazoxide for hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy: the PIVOT trial.	2007 Aug	17627681
Persistent hypertension and progressive renal injury induced by salt overload after short term nitric oxide inhibition.	2007 Dec	18209918
D-Penicillamine-induced ANCA-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis in Wilson disease.	2007 Nov	17954295
Beneficial effects of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 in murine puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis.	2008	18367845
Pharmacologic profiling of human and rat cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2 induction and competition.	2008 Dec	18493746
"Pulse" treatment with high-dose angiotensin blocker reverses renal arteriolar hypertrophy and regresses hypertension.	2009 Jan	19047581
4-Hydrazino-2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)-pyrimidine.	2009 Jan 31	21582010
Hydralazine for essential hypertension.	2010 Aug 4	20687078
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.	2011 Jul 14	21599003
Angiotensin II-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction through RhoA/Rho kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/arginase pathway.	2011 May	21289285
Early treatment with olmesartan prevents juxtamedullary glomerular podocyte injury and the onset of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic rats.	2012 May	22318512
Diesel exhaust induced pulmonary and cardiovascular impairment: the role of hypertension intervention.	2013 Apr 15	23415681

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Initial dose: 10 mg orally 4 times a day for the first 2 to 4 days. Increase to 25 mg orally 4 times a day for the balance of the first week. For the second and subsequent weeks, increase dosage to 50 mg orally 4 times a day.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Hydralazine (0.03-10 mmol.L(-1)) inhibited the activities of both PKA and PKG with IC50 of 1.2 and 2.5 mmol.L(-1), respectively

Name

Type

Language

HYDRALAZINE

Official Name

English

1-HYDRAZINOPHTHALAZINE

Systematic Name

English

HYDRALAZINE [MI]

Common Name

English

hydralazine [INN]

Common Name

English

DIHYDRALAZINE SULFATE, HYDRATED IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

Hydralazine [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

NSC-126699

Code

English

HYDRALAZINE [IARC]

Common Name

English

HYDRALAZINE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

PHTHALAZINE, 1-HYDRAZINO-

Systematic Name

English

HIDRAL

Brand Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

FDA ORPHAN DRUG

334611