HYDRALAZINE

Details

Stereochemistry	ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula	C8H8N4
Molecular Weight	160.1759
Optical Activity	NONE
Defined Stereocenters	0 / 0
E/Z Centers	0
Charge	0

SHOW SMILES / InChI

Structure Search

SMILES

NNC1=NN=CC2=C1C=CC=C2

InChI

InChIKey=RPTUSVTUFVMDQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

InChI=1S/C8H8N4/c9-11-8-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)5-10-12-8/h1-5H,9H2,(H,11,12)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01275
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including https://www.drugs.com/cdi/hydralazine.html

Hydralazine is a direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent. Hydralazine works by relaxing blood vessels (arterioles more than venules) and increasing the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart while reducing its workload. It also functions as an antioxidant. It inhibits membrane-bound enzymes that form reactive oxygen species, such as superoxides. Excessive superoxide counteracts NO-induced vasodilation. Hydralazine is used for the treatment of essential hypertension, alone or as an adjunct. Also for the management of severe hypertension when the drug cannot be given orally or when blood pressure must be lowered immediately, congestive heart failure (in combination with cardiac glycosides and diuretics and/or with isosorbide dinitrate), and hypertension secondary to pre-eclampsia/eclampsia.

CNS Activity

Originator

Approval Year

Targets

Primary Target	Pharmacology	Condition	Potency
Amine oxidase, copper containing 9 Target ID: CHEMBL3437 Sources: http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01275	Inhibitor 8297
uterine smooth muscle contraction 3 Target ID: GO:0070471 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3354891	Inhibitor 8297		400.0 nM [IC50]

Conditions

Condition	Modality	Targets	Highest Phase	Product
Hypertension 567 Sources: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf	Primary		Approved 8429	Hydralazine Hydrochloride Approved Use Severe essential hypertension when the drug cannot be given orally or when there is an urgent need to lower blood pressure. Launch Date 1985

C_max

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
3 μM EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6653641	50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

AUC

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
407 μM × h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6653641	50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

T_1/2

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
2 h EXPERIMENT https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6653641	50 mg single, oral dose: 50 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE	HYDRALAZINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNHEALTHY age: ADULT sex: FEMALE / MALE food status: FASTED

F_unbound

Value	Dose	Co-administered	Analyte	Population
13% DRUG LABEL https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf			HYDRALAZINE plasma	Homo sapiens population: UNKNOWN age: UNKNOWN sex: UNKNOWN food status: UNKNOWN

Doses

Dose	Population	Adverse events
2000 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 2000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2000 mg Co-administed with:: ethanol Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536497	unhealthy, 27 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 27 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536497	Disc. AE: Tachycardia... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Tachycardia Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536497
750 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 750 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 750 mg Co-administed with:: clonazepam, p.o(10 mg, single) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	unhealthy, 38 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 38 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	Disc. AE: Lethargy, Hypotension... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Lethargy Hypotension Tachycardia Chest pain Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54
200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527	Disc. AE: Skin rash, Febrile reaction... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Skin rash (rare) Febrile reaction (rare) Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527
300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2	Disc. AE: Systemic lupus erythematosus synd, Glomerulonephritis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus synd Glomerulonephritis Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2
300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3	Disc. AE: Angina pectoris, Myocardial infarction... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction Peripheral neuritis Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3
40 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 40 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 40 mg Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1	Disc. AE: Systemic lupus erythematosus synd, Glomerulonephritis... AEs leading to discontinuation/dose reduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus synd Glomerulonephritis Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1

AEs

AE	Significance	Dose	Population
Tachycardia	Disc. AE	2000 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 2000 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 2000 mg Co-administed with:: ethanol Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536497	unhealthy, 27 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 27 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1536497
Chest pain	Disc. AE	750 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 750 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 750 mg Co-administed with:: clonazepam, p.o(10 mg, single) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	unhealthy, 38 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 38 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54
Hypotension	Disc. AE	750 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 750 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 750 mg Co-administed with:: clonazepam, p.o(10 mg, single) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	unhealthy, 38 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 38 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54
Lethargy	Disc. AE	750 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 750 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 750 mg Co-administed with:: clonazepam, p.o(10 mg, single) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	unhealthy, 38 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 38 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54
Tachycardia	Disc. AE	750 mg single, oral Overdose Dose: 750 mg Route: oral Route: single Dose: 750 mg Co-administed with:: clonazepam, p.o(10 mg, single) Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54	unhealthy, 38 n = 1 Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Age Group: 38 Sex: F Population Size: 1 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30821162 Page: p.53, 54
Febrile reaction	rare Disc. AE	200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527
Skin rash	rare Disc. AE	200 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral (max) Recommended Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 200 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4527
Glomerulonephritis	Disc. AE	300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2
Systemic lupus erythematosus synd	Disc. AE	300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.2
Angina pectoris	Disc. AE	300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3
Myocardial infarction	Disc. AE	300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3
Peripheral neuritis	Disc. AE	300 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral Recommended Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Route: oral Route: multiple Dose: 300 mg, 1 times / day Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/1996/008303s068lbl.pdf Page: p.3
Glomerulonephritis	Disc. AE	40 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 40 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 40 mg Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1
Systemic lupus erythematosus synd	Disc. AE	40 mg single, intravenous Recommended Dose: 40 mg Route: intravenous Route: single Dose: 40 mg Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1	unhealthy Health Status: unhealthy Condition: Hypertension Sources: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2013/040136s005lbl.pdf Page: p.1

Overview

CYP3A4	CYP2C9	CYP2D6	hERG
inhibitor 1587	inhibitor 1767	inhibitor 1852	inhibitor 1612

OverviewOther

Other Inhibitor	Other Substrate	Other Inducer
CYP1A2 1524 CYP2B6 810 CYP2C8 911 CYP2C19 1478 CYP3A 214 aldehyde oxidase 7 CYP2A6 707 BSEP 402 OCT1 512 OATP1B1 788 OATP1B3 706

Drug as perpetrator

Target	Modality	Activity
BSEP 403	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22961681/	no [IC50 >1000 uM]
CYP2A6 739	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22522748/, https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwzNzIxIiwidXNlX2N1c3RvbV9xdWVyeSI6dHJ1ZSwic2VhcmNoX3Rlcm0iOiIiLCJ0ZXh0X2ZpbHRlciI6IkNIRU1CTDI3NjgzMiJ9fQ%3D%3D	no
CYP2C19 1553	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	unlikely
CYP2C8 965	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	unlikely
CYP2C9 1819	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	unlikely
OCT1 543	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18788725/	unlikely
CYP3A4 1925	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9384469/, https://bioinformatics.charite.de/transformer/index.php?site=fullinfo&cname=000086544	yes [IC50 197 uM]
aldehyde oxidase 8	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22522748/	yes [Ki 83 uM]
CYP1A2 1692	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	yes
CYP2B6 1001	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	yes
CYP2D6 1891	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	yes
CYP3A 298	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30448524/	yes
OATP1B1 803	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23571415/	yes
OATP1B3 715	inhibitor 3277 Sources: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23571415/	yes

Tox targets

Target	Modality	Activity	Metabolite	Clinical evidence
hERG 1647	inhibitor 1626 Sources: https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/g/#browse/activities/full_state/eyJsaXN0Ijp7InNldHRpbmdzX3BhdGgiOiJFU19JTkRFWEVTX05PX01BSU5fU0VBUkNILkFDVElWSVRZIiwiY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5IjoidGFyZ2V0X2NoZW1ibF9pZDpDSEVNQkwyNDAiLCJ1c2VfY3VzdG9tX3F1ZXJ5Ijp0cnVlLCJzZWFyY2hfdGVybSI6IiIsInRleHRfZmlsdGVyIjoiQ0hFTUJMMjc2ODMyIn19

Sourcing

Vendor/Aggregator	ID	URL
ChEBI	CHEBI:5775	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:5775
ChemicalBook	CB1855362	https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB1855362
MolPort	MolPort-000-876-738	https://www.molport.com/shop/molecule-link/MolPort-000-876-738
ZINC	ZINC000012360535	http://zinc15.docking.org/substances/ZINC000012360535
eMolecules	1978120	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=1978120
eMolecules	975874	https://www.emolecules.com/cgi-bin/more?vid=975874

PubMed

Title	Date	PubMed
Clinical consequences of polymorphic acetylation of basic drugs.	1977 Sep	19187
Immunological side-effects of antihypertensive drugs.	1979	288303
Effects of chronic treatment with captopril (SQ 14,225), an orally active inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme, in spontaneously hypertensive rats.	1979 Apr	231700
Acute hemodynamic effects of pinacidil and hydralazine in essential hypertension.	1985 Mar	2857601
Therapeutic implications of hypertension-induced glomerular injury. Comparison of enalapril and a combination of hydralazine, reserpine, and hydrochlorothiazide in an experimental model.	1985 Sep 27	2996345
Suppression of ventricular arrhythmias after coronary artery ligation by pinacidil, a vasodilator drug.	1985 Sep-Oct	2413295
Drug-associated glomerulopathies.	1986	2940667
Comparative study of endralazine and hydralazine for the treatment of hypertension uncontrolled by a beta-blocker and diuretic.	1986	2873966
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic role of prazosin and related alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists.	1986	2872958
Therapeutic advantage of converting enzyme inhibitors in arresting progressive renal disease associated with systemic hypertension in the rat.	1986 Jun	3011863
Inhibition of sympathoadrenal activity by atrial natriuretic factor in dogs.	1987 Apr	2951327
Isolated minimal change nephropathy associated with diclofenac.	1987 Jul 18	3115369
Vasodilators and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Hydralazine versus prazosin in hypertensive humans.	1987 May	2953239
Hydralazine-induced cholestatic jaundice following liver transplantation.	1989 Jan	2643228
Myocardial ischemia during isoflurane anesthesia: the effect of substituting halothane.	1989 Jun	2729620
Changes of atrial natriuretic peptide and its messenger RNA with development and regression of cardiac hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats.	1990 Jan	2136812
Acute cocaine toxicity: antagonism by agents interacting with adrenoceptors.	1990 Jun	2162541
Hemodynamic effects of adenosine agonists in the conscious spontaneously hypertensive rat.	1990 Sep	2203898
Features of the acute hypotensive action of carvedilol and its ameliorating effect on myocardial ischemia.	1991	1721975
A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure.	1991 Aug 1	2057035
Cardiotoxicity of hydralazine and minoxidil in the rat. Influence of age.	1991 Feb	2047568
Renal arteriolar diameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Vascular cast study.	1991 Jul	1860704
Effects of hydralazine and increased cardiac output on recombinant tissue plasminogen activator-induced thrombolysis in canine pulmonary embolism.	1991 Mar	1899825
Role of connective tissue growth factor in vascular and renal damage associated with hypertension in rats. Interactions with angiotensin II.	2006 Dec	17318787
AT1 receptor blockade is superior to conventional triple therapy in protecting against end-organ damage in Cyp1a1-Ren-2 transgenic rats with inducible hypertension.	2006 Dec	17082731
A proof-of-principle study of epigenetic therapy added to neoadjuvant doxorubicin cyclophosphamide for locally advanced breast cancer.	2006 Dec 20	17183730
Up-regulation of HLA class-I antigen expression and antigen-specific CTL response in cervical cancer cells by the demethylating agent hydralazine and the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid.	2006 Dec 27	17192185
Early and sustained benefit on event-free survival and heart failure hospitalization from fixed-dose combination of isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine: consistency across subgroups in the African-American Heart Failure Trial.	2007 Apr 3	17372175
A randomised comparison of hydralazine and mini-bolus diazoxide for hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy: the PIVOT trial.	2007 Aug	17627681
Persistent hypertension and progressive renal injury induced by salt overload after short term nitric oxide inhibition.	2007 Dec	18209918
The effects of DNA methylation and histone deacetylase inhibitors on human papillomavirus early gene expression in cervical cancer, an in vitro and clinical study.	2007 Feb 26	17324262
Interactions between aldosterone and connective tissue growth factor in vascular and renal damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats.	2007 Mar	17278980
D-Penicillamine-induced ANCA-associated crescentic glomerulonephritis in Wilson disease.	2007 Nov	17954295
Beneficial effects of the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 in murine puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis.	2008	18367845
Pharmacologic profiling of human and rat cytochrome P450 1A1 and 1A2 induction and competition.	2008 Dec	18493746
Hypertension induces somatic cellular senescence in rats and humans by induction of cell cycle inhibitor p16INK4a.	2008 Jul	18504326
Simultaneous posterior ischemic optic neuropathy, cerebral border zone infarction, and spinal cord infarction after correction of malignant hypertension.	2008 Sep	18769283
Administration of angiotensin II, but not catecholamines, induces accumulation of lipids in the rat heart.	2009 Feb 14	19109942
"Pulse" treatment with high-dose angiotensin blocker reverses renal arteriolar hypertrophy and regresses hypertension.	2009 Jan	19047581
4-Hydrazino-2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)-pyrimidine.	2009 Jan 31	21582010
Resveratrol attenuates angiotensin II-induced interleukin-6 expression and perivascular fibrosis.	2009 Jun	19373235
Hydralazine for essential hypertension.	2010 Aug 4	20687078
Chitosan nanoparticle-based neuronal membrane sealing and neuroprotection following acrolein-induced cell injury.	2010 Jan 29	20205817
HDAC inhibition attenuates inflammatory, hypertrophic, and hypertensive responses in spontaneously hypertensive rats.	2010 Sep	20679181
Profiling of a prescription drug library for potential renal drug-drug interactions mediated by the organic cation transporter 2.	2011 Jul 14	21599003
Antiatherogenic effect of bisvanillyl-hydralazone, a new hydralazine derivative with antioxidant, carbonyl scavenger, and antiapoptotic properties.	2011 Jun	21043830
Angiotensin II-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction through RhoA/Rho kinase/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/arginase pathway.	2011 May	21289285
Early treatment with olmesartan prevents juxtamedullary glomerular podocyte injury and the onset of microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic rats.	2012 May	22318512
Diesel exhaust induced pulmonary and cardiovascular impairment: the role of hypertension intervention.	2013 Apr 15	23415681
Acrolein and chloroacetaldehyde: an examination of the cell and cell-free biomarkers of toxicity.	2013 Feb 25	23220588

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide

Initial dose: 10 mg orally 4 times a day for the first 2 to 4 days. Increase to 25 mg orally 4 times a day for the balance of the first week. For the second and subsequent weeks, increase dosage to 50 mg orally 4 times a day.

Route of Administration: Oral

In Vitro Use Guide

Hydralazine (0.03-10 mmol.L(-1)) inhibited the activities of both PKA and PKG with IC50 of 1.2 and 2.5 mmol.L(-1), respectively

Name

Type

Language

HYDRALAZINE

Official Name

English

1-HYDRAZINOPHTHALAZINE

Systematic Name

English

HYDRALAZINE [MI]

Common Name

English

hydralazine [INN]

Common Name

English

DIHYDRALAZINE SULFATE, HYDRATED IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]

Common Name

English

Hydralazine [WHO-DD]

Common Name

English

NSC-126699

Code

English

HYDRALAZINE [IARC]

Common Name

English

HYDRALAZINE [VANDF]

Common Name

English

PHTHALAZINE, 1-HYDRAZINO-

Systematic Name

English

HIDRAL

Brand Name

English

Classification Tree Code System Code

FDA ORPHAN DRUG

334611