U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula CO3.2Al.6Mg.9O.12H2O
Molecular Weight 619.9799
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge -2

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of HYDROTALCITE

SMILES

O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Mg++].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O

InChI

InChIKey=BEBILBPAQKONJS-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI=1S/CH2O3.2Al.6Mg.12H2O.9O/c2-1(3)4;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;/h(H2,2,3,4);;;;;;;;;12*1H2;;;;;;;;;/q;2*+3;6*+2;;;;;;;;;;;;;9*-2/p-2

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description

Algeldrate (Aluminium hydroxide) is the amphoteric inorganic compound used as an antacid in the treatment of Duodenal, Peptic and Stomach Ulcer and some other conditions. Aluminium hydroxide is preferred over other alternatives such as sodium bicarbonate because Al(OH)3, being insoluble, does not increase the pH of stomach above 7 and hence, does not trigger secretion of excess acid by the stomach. Brand names include Alu-Cap, Aludrox, Gaviscon or Pepsamar. It reacts with the excess acid in the stomach, reducing the acidity of the stomach content, which may relieve the symptoms of ulcers, heartburn or dyspepsia. Such products can cause constipation, because the aluminum ions inhibit the contractions of smooth muscle cells in the gastrointestinal tract, slowing peristalsis and lengthening the time needed for stool to pass through the colon. Some such products (such as Maalox) are formulated to minimize such effects through the inclusion of equal concentrations of magnesium hydroxide or magnesium carbonate, which have counterbalancing laxative effects. This compound is also used to control phosphate (phosphorus) levels in the blood of people suffering from kidney failure. Precipitated aluminum hydroxide is included as an adjuvant in some vaccines (e.g. anthrax vaccine). One of the well-known brands of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant is Alhydrogel, made by Brenntag Biosector. Since it absorbs protein well, it also functions to stabilize vaccines by preventing the proteins in the vaccine from precipitating or sticking to the walls of the container during storage. Aluminium hydroxide is sometimes mistakenly called "alum", which properly refers to aluminum potassium sulfate. Vaccine formulations containing aluminum hydroxide stimulate the immune system by inducing the release of uric acid, an immunological danger signal. This strongly attracts certain types of monocytes which differentiate into dendritic cells. The dendritic cells pick up the antigen, carry it to lymph nodes, and stimulate T cells and B cells. It appears to contribute to induction of a good Th2 response, so is useful for immunizing against pathogens that are blocked by antibodies. In the 1960s and 1970s, it was speculated that aluminum was related to various neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease. Since then, multiple epidemiological studies have found no connection between exposure to aluminum and neurological disorders.

Approval Year

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Preventing
Alhydrogel
Primary
Gelusil-Lac
Primary
Gastracid

PubMed

Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Adults and children over 15 years: 1-2 table (400-800ьп). 4 times a day 1 hour after meals and in the evening before bed or if there is discomfort, epigastric pain, heartburn.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Bone marrow cells were cultured for 9 d in dendritic cells (DC) culture medium (DC-CM; RPMI 1640 containing GlutaMAX-I; Invitrogen) supplemented with 5% (vol/vol) FCS (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 μ M 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich), 50 μ g/ml gentamicin (Invitrogen), and 20 ng/ml recombinant mouse GM-CSF (a gift from K. Thielemans, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium). 16 h before harvesting, DCs were exposed either to 10 μ g/ml of OVA, alum (Algeldrate), or OVA-alum suspension.