Details
| Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
| Molecular Formula | C16H20N2 |
| Molecular Weight | 240.3434 |
| Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
| Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
| E/Z Centers | 0 |
| Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
CN(C)CCC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=CC=CC=N2
InChI
InChIKey=IJHNSHDBIRRJRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C16H20N2/c1-18(2)13-11-15(14-8-4-3-5-9-14)16-10-6-7-12-17-16/h3-10,12,15H,11,13H2,1-2H3
DescriptionSources: https://www.drugs.com/drp/pheniramine-maleate.html | http://www.news-medical.net/drugs/Avil.aspxCurator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.druginfosys.com/drug.aspx?drugcode=561&type=1 | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01620
Sources: https://www.drugs.com/drp/pheniramine-maleate.html | http://www.news-medical.net/drugs/Avil.aspx
Curator's Comment: Description was created based on several sources, including http://www.druginfosys.com/drug.aspx?drugcode=561&type=1 | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01620
Pheniramine is an antihistamine used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria. It is generally sold in combination with other medications, rather than as a stand-alone drug. Allergies are caused by an excessive type 1 hypersensitivity response of the body to allergens, mediated by inappropriate histamine signalling. By inhibiting the binding of histamine, antihistamines decrease the normal histamine response from cells, consequently decreasing allergic symptoms. Antihistamines such as pheniramine appear to compete with histamine for histamine H1- receptor sites on effector cells. The antihistamines antagonize those pharmacological effects of histamine which are mediated through activation of H1- receptor sites and thereby reduce the intensity of allergic reactions and tissue injury response involving histamine release. Antihistamines suppress the histamine-induced wheal (swelling) and flare (vasodilation) response by blocking the binding of histamine to its receptors on nerves, vascular smooth muscle, glandular cells, endothelium, and mast cells. They effectively exert competitive antagonism of histamine for H1-receptors. Pheniramine is marketed under the trade name Avil and Visine-A among others).
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
| Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 null [pKi] |
Conditions
| Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | AVIL Approved UseAllergic conditions including hay fever, drug rashes, angioneurotic oedema, serum sickness,
allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy etc.
· Conditions of the respiratory tract that are accompanied by increased secretion, including
vasomotor rhinitis and acute rhinitis.
· All itching skin conditions, including neurodermatitis, eczema of any origin, lichen planus,
acute and chronic urticaria, pruritis of the anus or genitals, pruritus in icterus and diabetes,
radiation sickness etc.
· Prevention and treatment of motion sickness.
· Prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting and vertigo due to Menière’s disease and other
labyrinthine disturbances. |
|||
| Palliative | Visine-A Approved UseVisine-A is an antihistamine/redness reliever eye drop, formerly available by prescription only, that provides temporary relief of itchy, red eyes due to pollen, ragweed, grass, animal hair and dander. |
|||
| Primary | AVIL Approved UseAllergic conditions including hay fever, drug rashes, angioneurotic oedema, serum sickness,
allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy etc.
· Conditions of the respiratory tract that are accompanied by increased secretion, including
vasomotor rhinitis and acute rhinitis.
· All itching skin conditions, including neurodermatitis, eczema of any origin, lichen planus,
acute and chronic urticaria, pruritis of the anus or genitals, pruritus in icterus and diabetes,
radiation sickness etc.
· Prevention and treatment of motion sickness.
· Prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting and vertigo due to Menière’s disease and other
labyrinthine disturbances. |
|||
| Preventing | AVIL Approved UseAllergic conditions including hay fever, drug rashes, angioneurotic oedema, serum sickness,
allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy etc.
· Conditions of the respiratory tract that are accompanied by increased secretion, including
vasomotor rhinitis and acute rhinitis.
· All itching skin conditions, including neurodermatitis, eczema of any origin, lichen planus,
acute and chronic urticaria, pruritis of the anus or genitals, pruritus in icterus and diabetes,
radiation sickness etc.
· Prevention and treatment of motion sickness.
· Prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting and vertigo due to Menière’s disease and other
labyrinthine disturbances. |
|||
| Primary | AVIL Approved UseAllergic conditions including hay fever, drug rashes, angioneurotic oedema, serum sickness,
allergic conjunctivitis, food allergy etc.
· Conditions of the respiratory tract that are accompanied by increased secretion, including
vasomotor rhinitis and acute rhinitis.
· All itching skin conditions, including neurodermatitis, eczema of any origin, lichen planus,
acute and chronic urticaria, pruritis of the anus or genitals, pruritus in icterus and diabetes,
radiation sickness etc.
· Prevention and treatment of motion sickness.
· Prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting and vertigo due to Menière’s disease and other
labyrinthine disturbances. |
Cmax
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
274 ng/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3988394/ |
30.5 mg single, oral dose: 30.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PHENIRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
AUC
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5768 ng × h/mL EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3988394/ |
30.5 mg single, oral dose: 30.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PHENIRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
T1/2
| Value | Dose | Co-administered | Analyte | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
17 h EXPERIMENT https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3988394/ |
30.5 mg single, oral dose: 30.5 mg route of administration: Oral experiment type: SINGLE co-administered: |
PHENIRAMINE plasma | Homo sapiens population: HEALTHY age: ADULT sex: MALE food status: UNKNOWN |
PubMed
| Title | Date | PubMed |
|---|---|---|
| [Antimycobacterial antihistaminics]. | 1989 Aug |
|
| Chromatographic analysis of phenethylamine-antihistamine combinations using C8, C18 or cyano columns and micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate-pentanol mixtures. | 2001 Apr |
|
| Efficacy and safety of rectal thiopental, intramuscular cocktail and rectal midazolam for sedation in children undergoing neuroimaging. | 2002 Dec |
|
| Conjunctival allergen challenge: models in the investigation of ocular allergy. | 2003 Jul |
|
| Actual therapeutic management of allergic and hyperreactive nasal disorders. | 2004 |
|
| Enantioselective determination of pheniramine in pharmaceuticals by capillary electrophoresis with charged cyclodextrin. | 2005 Jul 1 |
|
| Goat ureter - an alternative model for measuring ureteral peristalsis. | 2006 Aug |
|
| Comparison of chiral separation of basic drugs in capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography using neutral and negatively charged cyclodextrins. | 2009 Jul 10 |
|
| Preparation and evaluation of orodispersible tablets of pheniramine maleate by effervescent method. | 2009 Mar |
|
| In situ forming polymeric drug delivery systems. | 2009 May |
|
| Simultaneous determination of pseudoephdrine, pheniramine, guaifenisin, pyrilamine, chlorpheniramine and dextromethorphan in cough and cold medicines by high performance liquid chromatography. | 2009 May 15 |
|
| Rational quantitative structure-activity relationship (RQSAR) screen for PXR and CAR isoform-specific nuclear receptor ligands. | 2010 Dec 5 |
|
| Indian research on acute organic brain syndrome: Delirium. | 2010 Jan |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
In Vivo Use Guide
Curator's Comment: Could also be used topically https://www.drugs.com/drp/pheniramine-maleate.html
Each Avil (Pheniramine maleate) tablet contains 45.3mg pheniramine maleate. In adults and children over 10 years of age, treatment is commenced with half a tablet
taken up to three times daily. This dose may be increased to one tablet taken up to three times daily
if required. Children 5-10 years of age: half a tablet up to three times daily. Avil tablets are not
recommended in children under 5 years of age.
Route of Administration:
Oral
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LIVERTOX |
769
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WHO-ATC |
R06AB05
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D04AA16
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QR06AB05
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C29578
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DTXSID0023454
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155683-10-6
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CHEMBL1193
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SUB09768MIG
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201-656-2
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134FM9ZZ6M
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86-21-5
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DB01620
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134FM9ZZ6M
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100000082237
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8132
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m8619
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47965
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2132
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D010632
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105
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PHENIRAMINE
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4761
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7267
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C61889
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ACTIVE MOIETY
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
SALT/SOLVATE (PARENT)
