Details
Stereochemistry | RACEMIC |
Molecular Formula | C3H8OS2 |
Molecular Weight | 124.225 |
Optical Activity | ( + / - ) |
Defined Stereocenters | 0 / 1 |
E/Z Centers | 0 |
Charge | 0 |
SHOW SMILES / InChI
SMILES
OCC(S)CS
InChI
InChIKey=WQABCVAJNWAXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C3H8OS2/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2
Dimercaprol (2, 3-dimercapto-1-propanol) or British anti-Lewisite (BAL), is a colorless or almost colorless liquid chelating agent having a disagreeable, mercaptan-like odor. Dimercaprol was developed at Oxford University during World War II as a means of treating and reversing poisoning from Lewisite, an arsenical gas used in chemical warfare (and thus initially called British anti-Lewisite [BAL]). The sulfhydryl groups of dimercaprol form complexes with certain heavy metals thus preventing or reversing the metallic binding of sulfhydryl-containing enzymes. Parenterally administered dimercaprol is used to treat arsenic, gold, copper and mercury poisoning. It is indicated in acute lead poisoning when used concomitantly with edetate clcium disodium. Dimercaprol is occasionally used in the initial treatment of severe, symptomatic Wilson disease, but generally for a short time only.
Approval Year
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Curative | BAL Approved UseINDICATIONS BAL in Oil (Dimercaprol Injection USP) is indicated in the treatment of arsenic, gold and mercury poisoning. It is indicated in acute lead poisoning when used concomitantly with Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection USP. Dimercaprol Injection USP is effective for use in acute poisoning by mercury salts if therapy is begun within one or two hours following ingestion. It is not very effective for chronic mercury poisoning. Dimercaprol Injection USP is of questionable value in poisoning caused by other heavy metals such as antimony and bismuth. It should not be used in iron, cadmium, or selenium poisoning because the resulting dimercaprol-metal complexes are more toxic than the metal alone, especially to the kidneys. Launch Date1946 |
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Curative | BAL Approved UseINDICATIONS BAL in Oil (Dimercaprol Injection USP) is indicated in the treatment of arsenic, gold and mercury poisoning. It is indicated in acute lead poisoning when used concomitantly with Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection USP. Dimercaprol Injection USP is effective for use in acute poisoning by mercury salts if therapy is begun within one or two hours following ingestion. It is not very effective for chronic mercury poisoning. Dimercaprol Injection USP is of questionable value in poisoning caused by other heavy metals such as antimony and bismuth. It should not be used in iron, cadmium, or selenium poisoning because the resulting dimercaprol-metal complexes are more toxic than the metal alone, especially to the kidneys. Launch Date1946 |
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Curative | BAL Approved UseINDICATIONS BAL in Oil (Dimercaprol Injection USP) is indicated in the treatment of arsenic, gold and mercury poisoning. It is indicated in acute lead poisoning when used concomitantly with Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection USP. Dimercaprol Injection USP is effective for use in acute poisoning by mercury salts if therapy is begun within one or two hours following ingestion. It is not very effective for chronic mercury poisoning. Dimercaprol Injection USP is of questionable value in poisoning caused by other heavy metals such as antimony and bismuth. It should not be used in iron, cadmium, or selenium poisoning because the resulting dimercaprol-metal complexes are more toxic than the metal alone, especially to the kidneys. Launch Date1946 |
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Curative | BAL Approved UseINDICATIONS BAL in Oil (Dimercaprol Injection USP) is indicated in the treatment of arsenic, gold and mercury poisoning. It is indicated in acute lead poisoning when used concomitantly with Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection USP. Dimercaprol Injection USP is effective for use in acute poisoning by mercury salts if therapy is begun within one or two hours following ingestion. It is not very effective for chronic mercury poisoning. Dimercaprol Injection USP is of questionable value in poisoning caused by other heavy metals such as antimony and bismuth. It should not be used in iron, cadmium, or selenium poisoning because the resulting dimercaprol-metal complexes are more toxic than the metal alone, especially to the kidneys. Launch Date1946 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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Inhibition of coupling factor B activity by cadmium ion, arsenite-2,3-dimercaptopropanol, and phenylarsine oxide, and preferential reactivation by dithiols. | 1981 Nov 10 |
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Phenylarsine oxide inhibits insulin-stimulated protein phosphatase 1 activity and GLUT-4 translocation. | 1994 Jul |
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Parallel induction of heme oxygenase-1 and chemoprotective phase 2 enzymes by electrophiles and antioxidants: regulation by upstream antioxidant-responsive elements (ARE). | 1995 Nov |
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Inhibition of NF-kappa B activation by arsenite through reaction with a critical cysteine in the activation loop of Ikappa B kinase. | 2000 Nov 17 |
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Syntaxin 1A modulates the voltage-gated L-type calcium channel (Ca(v)1.2) in a cooperative manner. | 2003 Aug 1 |
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The integrated role of desferrioxamine and phenserine targeted to an iron-responsive element in the APP-mRNA 5'-untranslated region. | 2004 Dec |
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Toxicity induced by Hg2+ on choline acetyltransferase activity from E. electricus (L.) electrocytes: the protective effect of 2,3 dimercapto-propanol (BAL). | 2005 Apr |
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2,3-Dimercaptopropanol, 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonic acid and meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid acute administration diferentially change biochemical parameters in mice. | 2005 Apr |
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2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanol does not alter the porphobilinogen synthase inhibition but decreases the mercury content in liver and kidney of suckling rats exposed to HgCl2. | 2005 Apr |
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Synthesis and optical properties of thiol-stabilized PbS nanocrystals. | 2005 Feb 1 |
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Bismuth-dithiol inhibition of the Escherichia coli rho transcription termination factor. | 2005 Mar |
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Redox regulation of the nutrient-sensitive raptor-mTOR pathway and complex. | 2005 Nov 25 |
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Microarray analysis of mouse ear tissue exposed to bis-(2-chloroethyl) sulfide: gene expression profiles correlate with treatment efficacy and an established clinical endpoint. | 2006 Apr |
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TXM13 human melanoma cells: a novel source for the inhibition kinetics of human tyrosinase and for screening whitening agents. | 2006 Feb |
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Diphenyl diselenide and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol increase the PTZ-induced chemical seizure and mortality in mice. | 2006 Feb 15 |
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Photochemistry of the [Fe4(mu3-S)3(NO)7]- complex in the presence of S-nucleophiles: a spectroscopic study. | 2006 May |
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Complex inhibition of tyrosinase by thiol-composed Cu2+ chelators: a clue for designing whitening agents. | 2006 Oct |
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Depolarization-evoked secretion requires two vicinal transmembrane cysteines of syntaxin 1A. | 2007 Dec 5 |
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The conquest of Wilson's disease. | 2009 Aug |
Patents
Sample Use Guides
By deep intramuscular injection only. For mild arsenic or gold poisoning, 2.5 mg/kg of body weight four times daily for two days, two times on the third day, and once daily thereafter for ten days; for severe arsenic or gold poisoning, 3 mg/kg every four hours for two-days, four times on the third day, then twice daily thereafter for ten days. For mercury poisoning, 5 mg/kg initially, followed by 2.5 mg/kg one or two times daily for ten days. For acute lead encephalopathy, 4 mg/kg body weight is given alone in the first dose and thereafter at four-hour intervals in combination with Edetate Calcium Disodium Injection USP administered at a separate site. For less severe poisoning the dose can be reduced to 3 mg/kg after the first dose. Treatment is maintained for two to seven days depending on clinical response. Successful treatment depends on beginning injections at the earliest possible moment and on the use of adequate amounts at frequent intervals. Other supportive measures should always be used in conjunction with BAL in Oil (Dimercaprol Injection USP) therapy.
Route of Administration:
Intramuscular
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QV03AB09
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WHO-ESSENTIAL MEDICINES LIST |
4.2
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SUB07165MIG
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Dimercaprol
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C47494
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DIMERCAPROL
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PRIMARY | Description: A clear, colourless or slightly yellow liquid, with an unpleasant, mercaptan-like odour. Miscibility. Miscible with 20 parts of water; miscible with ethanol (~750 g/l) TS and methanol R.Category: Antidote for arsenic, gold, and mercury poisoning. Storage: Dimercaprol should be kept in a small, well-filled and tightly closed container, protected from light, and stored at atemperature not exceeding 5?C. Definition: Dimercaprol contains not less than 98.5% w/w and not more than 101.5% w/w of C3H8OS2. Identity tests: A. Mix 0.05 mL of cobalt(II) chloride (30 g/l) TS with 5 mL of water and add 0.05 mL of the test liquid; a yellowbrowncolour is produced.B. Dissolve 0.1 mL in 4 mL of water and add a few drops of lead acetate (80 g/l) TS; a yellow precipitate is formed. | ||
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ACTIVE MOIETY