DescriptionCurator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
http://reference.medscape.com/drug/neo-fradin-myciguent-neomycin-po-342515
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including
http://reference.medscape.com/drug/neo-fradin-myciguent-neomycin-po-342515
Neomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic found in many topical medications such as creams, ointments, and eye drops. In vitro tests have demonstrated that neomycin is bactericidal and acts by inhibiting the synthesis of protein in susceptible bacterial cells. It is effective primarily against gram-negative bacilli but does have some activity against gram-positive organisms. Neomycin is active in vitro against Escherichia coli and the Klebsiella-Entero. Topical uses include treatment for superficial eye infections caused by susceptible bacteria (used in combination with other anti-infective), treatment of otitis externa caused by susceptible bacteria, treatment or prevention of bacterial infections in skin lesions, and use as a continuous short-term irrigant or rinse to prevent bacteriuria and gram negative rod bacteremia in bacteriuria patients with indwelling catheters. May be used orally to treat hepatic encephalopathy, as a perioperative prophylactic agent, and as an adjunct to fluid and electrolyte replacement in the treatment of diarrhea caused to enter pathogenic E. coli (EPEC). Neomycin sulfate has been shown to be effective adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma by reduction of the ammonia forming bacteria in the intestinal tract. The subsequent reduction in blood ammonia has resulted in neurologic improvement. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Neomycin Sulfate Oral Solution and other antibacterial drugs, susceptible bacteria should use Neomycin Sulfate Oral Solution only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Neomycin binds to four nucleotides of 16S rRNA and a single amino acid of protein S12. This interferes with decoding site near nucleotide 1400 in 16S rRNA of 30S subunit. This region interacts with the wobble base in the anticodon of tRNA. This leads to interference with the initiation complex, misreading of mRNA so incorrect amino acids are inserted into the polypeptide leading to nonfunctional or toxic peptides and the breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes
CNS Activity
Approval Year
Targets
Primary Target | Pharmacology | Condition | Potency |
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Target ID: CHEMBL2363135 Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18060665 |
Conditions
Condition | Modality | Targets | Highest Phase | Product |
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Preventing | CVP TRIPLE ANTIBIOTIC Approved UseUses: first aid to help prevent infection in minor: cuts, scrapes, burns Launch Date8.1898563E11 |
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Palliative | NEO-FRADIN Approved UseHepatic coma (portal-systemic encephalopathy): Neomycin sulfate has been shown to be effective adjunctive therapy in hepatic coma by reduction of the ammonia forming bacteria in the intestinal tract. The subsequent reduction in blood ammonia has resulted in neurologic improvement. To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of Neomycin Sulfate Oral Solution and other antibacterial drugs, Neomycin Sulfate Oral Solution should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by susceptible bacteria. When culture and susceptibility information are available, they should be considered in selecting or modifying antibacterial therapy. In the absence of such data, local epidemiology and susceptibility patterns may contribute to the empiric selection of therapy. Launch Date9.9048961E11 |
PubMed
Title | Date | PubMed |
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The evaluation of neomycin and other antimicrobial agents of bacterial and fungal origin, and substances from higher plants. | 1949 Dec 14 |
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Are topical antibiotics necessary in the management of otitis externa? | 2003 Aug |
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Comparison of compliance between topical aural medications. | 2003 Aug |
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Effectiveness of ototopical antibiotics for chronic suppurative otitis media in Aboriginal children: a community-based, multicentre, double-blind randomised controlled trial. | 2003 Aug 18 |
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Mutations in gp41 and gp120 of HIV-1 isolates resistant to hexa-arginine neomycin B conjugate. | 2003 Dec 26 |
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Effect of neomycin B on rotavirus plus- and minus-strand RNA synthesis. | 2003 Jun |
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The Tat antagonist neomycin B hexa-arginine conjugate inhibits gp-120-induced death of human neuroblastoma cells. | 2003 Mar |
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Structure-activity relationship of neomycin, paromomycin, and neamine-arginine conjugates, targeting HIV-1 gp120-CXCR4 binding step. | 2003 Nov |
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Insulin induces cobalt uptake in a subpopulation of rat cultured primary sensory neurons. | 2003 Nov |
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A new class of branched aminoglycosides: pseudo-pentasaccharide derivatives of neomycin B. | 2003 Oct 2 |
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Structural investigation of a high-affinity MnII binding site in the hammerhead ribozyme by EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Effects of neomycin B on metal-ion binding. | 2003 Oct 6 |
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A peptide inhibitor of c-Jun N-terminal kinase protects against both aminoglycoside and acoustic trauma-induced auditory hair cell death and hearing loss. | 2003 Sep 17 |
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Aminoglycoside antibiotics reduce glucose reabsorption in kidney through down-regulation of SGLT1. | 2003 Sep 5 |
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Integrated, long term, sustainable, cost effective biosolids management at a large Canadian wastewater treatment facility. | 2004 |
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Inhibition of the proteolytic activity of anthrax lethal factor by aminoglycosides. | 2004 Apr 21 |
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Efficacy and safety of topical ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone versus neomycin/polymyxin B/hydrocortisone for otitis externa. | 2004 Aug |
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Changing patterns of contact allergy in chronic inflammatory ear disease. | 2004 Feb |
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An approach to enhance specificity against RNA targets using heteroconjugates of aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol (or linezolid). | 2004 Feb 25 |
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New agents active against Mycobacterium avium complex selected by molecular topology: a virtual screening method. | 2004 Jan |
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Ototoxicity after use of neomycin eardrops is unrelated to A1555G point mutation in mitochondrial DNA. | 2004 Jul |
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Optimizing the quadruple-potential waveform for the pulsed amperometric detection of neomycin. | 2004 Jun 11 |
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Interactions of the antibiotics neomycin B and chlortetracycline with the hammerhead ribozyme as studied by Zn2+-dependent RNA cleavage. | 2004 Mar 1 |
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Randomized, double-blind trial comparing topical nitroglycerine with xylocaine and Proctosedyl in idiopathic chronic anal fissure. | 2004 May-Jun |
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Lipoprotein lipase in hemodialysis patients: indications that low molecular weight heparin depletes functional stores, despite low plasma levels of the enzyme. | 2004 Nov 3 |
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The efficacies of affected-limb care with penicillin diethylcarbamazine, the combination of both drugs or antibiotic ointment, in the prevention of acute adenolymphangitis during bancroftian filariasis. | 2004 Oct |
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Delayed neurotrophic treatment preserves nerve survival and electrophysiological responsiveness in neomycin-deafened guinea pigs. | 2004 Oct 1 |
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Chemoenzymatic synthesis and high-throughput screening of an aminoglycoside-polyamine library: identification of high-affinity displacers and DNA-binding ligands. | 2004 Oct 6 |
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A peptide nucleic acid-neamine conjugate that targets and cleaves HIV-1 TAR RNA inhibits viral replication. | 2004 Sep 23 |
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Disaccharide mimetics of the aminoglycoside antibiotic neamine. | 2004 Sep 6 |
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[The effectiveness of some methods in eliminating bacteria from the root canal of a tooth with chronic apical periodontitis]. | 2005 |
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Neamine inhibits xenografic human tumor growth and angiogenesis in athymic mice. | 2005 Dec 15 |
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Prescription pattern for treatment of hemorrhoids under the universal coverage policy of Thailand. | 2005 Jul |
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Disruption and restoration of cell-cell junctions in mouse vestibular epithelia following aminoglycoside treatment. | 2005 Jul |
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The RNA-bound conformation of neamine as determined by transferred NOE experiments. | 2005 Jul |
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A simple structural-based approach to prevent aminoglycoside inactivation by bacterial defense proteins. Conformational restriction provides effective protection against neomycin-B nucleotidylation by ANT4. | 2005 Jun 15 |
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Introduction of a substituent at the 5"-position of N-Boc neomycin B under Mitsunobu reaction conditions. | 2005 Jun 7 |
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Aminoglycosides induce acute cell signaling and chronic cell death in renal cells that express the calcium-sensing receptor. | 2005 May |
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Contact allergy to neomycin sulfate: results of a multifactorial analysis. | 2005 Oct |
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Identification and quantitation of polymyxin B, framycetin, and dexamethasone in an ointment by using thin-layer chromatography with densitometry. | 2005 Sep-Oct |
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Neamine derivatives having a nucleobase with a lysine or an arginine as a linker, their synthesis and evaluation as potential inhibitors for HIV TAR-Tat. | 2006 Apr 15 |
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Trisaccharide mimetics of the aminoglycoside antibiotic neomycin. | 2006 Apr 7 |
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Rapid analysis of native neomycin components on a portable capillary electrophoresis system with potential gradient detection. | 2006 Aug |
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Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel neamine derivatives. | 2006 Dec 15 |
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Elucidation of ATP-stimulated stress protein expression of RBA-2 type-2 astrocytes: ATP potentiate HSP60 and Cu/Zn SOD expression and stimulates pI shift of peroxiredoxin II. | 2006 Feb 1 |
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Exploring the use of conformationally locked aminoglycosides as a new strategy to overcome bacterial resistance. | 2006 Jan 11 |
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Mitsunobu dehydration of N-Boc neomycin B. | 2006 Jan 7 |
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Neonatal deafness results in degraded topographic specificity of auditory nerve projections to the cochlear nucleus in cats. | 2006 Jul 1 |
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Biosolids from two-stage bioleaching could produce compost for unrestricted use. | 2006 Jun |
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The role of phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid in the mechanical activation of mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle. | 2006 Mar 21 |
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Removal of p-xylene with Pseudomonas sp. NBM21 in biofilter. | 2006 Oct |
Sample Use Guides
Hepatic coma: 4-12 grams per day given in the following regimen:
1. Withdraw protein from diet. Avoid use of diuretic agents.
2. Give supportive therapy including blood products, as indicated.
3. Give NEO-FRADIN Oral Solution in doses of four to twelve grams of neomycin sulfate per day in divided doses. Treatment should be continued over a period of five to six days during which time protein should be returned incrementally to the diet.
Route of Administration:
Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Sources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27405449
Curator's Comment: TRMU, tRNA 5-methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridylate methyltransferase, is expressed in both hair cells and HEI-OC-1 cells, and its expression is significantly decreased after 24 h neomycin treatment. Downregulated TRMU expression with siRNA and found that cell death and apoptosis were significantly increased after neomycin injury.
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Classification Tree | Code System | Code | ||
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CFR |
21 CFR 333.120
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CFR |
21 CFR 522.1484
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NCI_THESAURUS |
C2363
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admin on Fri Dec 15 16:18:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:18:59 UTC 2023
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EPA PESTICIDE CODE |
6313
Created by
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CFR |
21 CFR 333.110
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admin on Fri Dec 15 16:18:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:18:59 UTC 2023
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CFR |
21 CFR 558.364
Created by
admin on Fri Dec 15 16:18:59 UTC 2023 , Edited by admin on Fri Dec 15 16:18:59 UTC 2023
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Code System | Code | Type | Description | ||
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CHEMBL2109089
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C66227
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7300
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215-773-1
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057Y626693
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057Y626693
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m7809
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PRIMARY | Merck Index | ||
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NEOMYCIN SULFATE
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PRIMARY | Description: A white or yellowish white powder; odourless or almost odourless. Solubility: Freely soluble in water; very slightly soluble in ethanol (~750 g/l) TS; practically insoluble in acetone R and ether R. Category: Antiinfective drug. Storage: Neomycin sulfate should be kept in a tightly closed container and protected from light. Additional information: Neomycin sulfate is hygroscopic. Even in the absence of light, it is gradually degraded on exposure to ahumid atmosphere, the decomposition being faster at higher temperatures. An aqueous solution is dextrorotatory. Definition: Neomycin sulfate is a mixture of sulfate salts of substances produced by the growth of Streptomyces fradiae, the maincomponents of which are neomycin B and its stereoisomer neomycin C.Neomycin sulfate contains not less than 600 International Units of neomycin per mg, calculated with reference to the driedsubstance. | ||
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DTXSID4041074
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DBSALT000472
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1458009
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1405-10-3
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SUB22344
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31635
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SUB03409MIG
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757240
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CHEMBL184618
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All of the following components must be present:
ACTIVE MOIETY
SUBSTANCE RECORD