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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C16H24N2O
Molecular Weight 260.3746
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of ROPINIROLE

SMILES

CCCN(CCC)CCC1=CC=CC2=C1CC(=O)N2

InChI

InChIKey=UHSKFQJFRQCDBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C16H24N2O/c1-3-9-18(10-4-2)11-8-13-6-5-7-15-14(13)12-16(19)17-15/h5-7H,3-4,8-12H2,1-2H3,(H,17,19)

HIDE SMILES / InChI

Description
Curator's Comment: description was created based on several sources, including http://reference.medscape.com/drug/requip-xl-ropinirole-343051 | https://www.drugs.com/cdi/ropinirole.html | https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00268

Ropinirole (INN; trade names Requip, Repreve, Ronirol, Adartrel) is a dopamine agonist of the non-ergoline class of medications, used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and restless legs syndrome. Although the precise mechanism of action of ropinirole as a treatment for Parkinson's disease is unknown, it is believed to be related to its ability to stimulate dopamine receptors in the striatum. This conclusion is supported by electrophysiologic studies in animals that have demonstrated that ropinirole influences striatal neuronal firing rates via activation of dopamine receptors in the striatum and the substantia nigra, the site of neurons that send projections to the striatum. Ropinirole is a nonergot dopamine agonist with high relative in vitro specificity and full intrinsic activity at the D2 subfamily of dopamine receptors, binding with higher affinity to D3 than to D2 or D4 receptor subtypes. The relevance of D3 receptor binding in Parkinson's disease is unknown. The mechanism of ropinirole-induced postural hypotension is presumed to be due to a D2 -mediated blunting of the noradrenergic response to standing and subsequent decrease in peripheral vascular resistance. Ropinirole can cause nausea, dizziness, hallucinations, orthostatic hypotension, and sudden sleep attacks during the daytime. Unusual side effects specific to D3 agonists such as ropinirole and pramipexole can include hypersexuality, punding, and compulsive gambling, even in patients without a history of these behaviors.

Approval Year

Targets

Targets

Primary TargetPharmacologyConditionPotency
83.0 nM [EC50]
19.2 nM [EC50]
100.0 nM [EC50]
Conditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
REQUIP

Approved Use

Parkinson's Disease Ropinirole tablets are indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The effectiveness of ropinirole tablet was demonstrated in randomized, controlled trials in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were not receiving concomitant L-dopa therapy as well as in patients with advanced disease on concomitant L-dopa (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Clinical Trials). Restless Legs Syndrome Ropinirole tablets are indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Key diagnostic criteria for RLS are: an urge to move the legs usually accompanied or caused by uncomfortable and unpleasant leg sensations; symptoms begin or worsen during periods of rest or inactivity such as lying or sitting; symptoms are partially or totally relieved by movement such as walking or stretching at least as long as the activity continues; and symptoms are worse or occur only in the evening or night. Difficulty falling asleep may frequently be associated with moderate-to-severe RLS.

Launch Date

1997
Primary
REQUIP

Approved Use

Parkinson's Disease Ropinirole tablets are indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The effectiveness of ropinirole tablet was demonstrated in randomized, controlled trials in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were not receiving concomitant L-dopa therapy as well as in patients with advanced disease on concomitant L-dopa (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Clinical Trials). Restless Legs Syndrome Ropinirole tablets are indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Key diagnostic criteria for RLS are: an urge to move the legs usually accompanied or caused by uncomfortable and unpleasant leg sensations; symptoms begin or worsen during periods of rest or inactivity such as lying or sitting; symptoms are partially or totally relieved by movement such as walking or stretching at least as long as the activity continues; and symptoms are worse or occur only in the evening or night. Difficulty falling asleep may frequently be associated with moderate-to-severe RLS.

Launch Date

1997
Primary
REQUIP

Approved Use

Parkinson's Disease Ropinirole tablets are indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The effectiveness of ropinirole tablet was demonstrated in randomized, controlled trials in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were not receiving concomitant L-dopa therapy as well as in patients with advanced disease on concomitant L-dopa (see CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY: Clinical Trials). Restless Legs Syndrome Ropinirole tablets are indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe primary Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). Key diagnostic criteria for RLS are: an urge to move the legs usually accompanied or caused by uncomfortable and unpleasant leg sensations; symptoms begin or worsen during periods of rest or inactivity such as lying or sitting; symptoms are partially or totally relieved by movement such as walking or stretching at least as long as the activity continues; and symptoms are worse or occur only in the evening or night. Difficulty falling asleep may frequently be associated with moderate-to-severe RLS.

Launch Date

1997
Cmax

Cmax

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
5.01 ng/mL
2 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
6.53 ng/mL
2 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
AUC

AUC

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
25.9 ng × h/mL
2 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FED
29.1 ng × h/mL
2 mg 3 times / day steady-state, oral
dose: 2 mg
route of administration: Oral
experiment type: STEADY-STATE
co-administered:
ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNHEALTHY
age: ADULT
sex: FEMALE / MALE
food status: FASTED
T1/2

T1/2

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
6 h
unknown, oral
ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Funbound

Funbound

ValueDoseCo-administeredAnalytePopulation
60%
unknown, oral
ROPINIROLE HYDROCHLORIDE plasma
Homo sapiens
population: UNKNOWN
age: UNKNOWN
sex: UNKNOWN
food status: UNKNOWN
Doses

Doses

DosePopulationAdverse events​
50 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Highest studied dose
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 50 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
n = 1
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease with severe dyskinesias
Population Size: 1
Sources:
435 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 18
unhealthy
Other AEs: Nausea, Dizziness...
Other AEs:
Nausea
Dizziness
Claustrophobia
Chorea
Palpitations
Asthenia
Nightmares
Hyperhidrosis
Visual hallucinations
Sources: Page: p. 18
0.5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.5 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 0.5 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
n = 157
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson’s disease
Population Size: 157
Sources:
Disc. AE: Nausea, Dizziness...
AEs leading to
discontinuation/dose reduction:
Nausea (2%)
Dizziness (2%)
Sources:
24 mg 1 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 24 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 24 mg, 1 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
n = 61
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson's disease
Population Size: 61
Sources:
AEs

AEs

AESignificanceDosePopulation
Asthenia
435 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 18
unhealthy
Chorea
435 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 18
unhealthy
Claustrophobia
435 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 18
unhealthy
Dizziness
435 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 18
unhealthy
Hyperhidrosis
435 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 18
unhealthy
Nausea
435 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 18
unhealthy
Nightmares
435 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 18
unhealthy
Palpitations
435 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 18
unhealthy
Visual hallucinations
435 mg 1 times / day multiple, oral
Overdose
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Route: oral
Route: multiple
Dose: 435 mg, 1 times / day
Sources: Page: p. 18
unhealthy
Dizziness 2%
Disc. AE
0.5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.5 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 0.5 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
n = 157
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson’s disease
Population Size: 157
Sources:
Nausea 2%
Disc. AE
0.5 mg 2 times / day steady, oral
Recommended
Dose: 0.5 mg, 2 times / day
Route: oral
Route: steady
Dose: 0.5 mg, 2 times / day
Sources:
unhealthy
n = 157
Health Status: unhealthy
Condition: Parkinson’s disease
Population Size: 157
Sources:
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Neostriatal muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in the generation of tremulous jaw movements in rodents implications for cholinergic involvement in parkinsonism.
2001 Apr 27
Antiparkinsonian drugs and "sleep attacks".
2001 Apr 3
[Dopamine agonists situation in Parkinson disease].
2001 Dec 1-15
Efficacy and tolerability of dopamine agonists in a parkinsonian population.
2001 Feb
The frissonnant mutant mouse, a model of dopamino-sensitive, inherited motor syndrome.
2001 Jun
Long-duration effect and the postsynaptic compartment: study using a dopamine agonist with a short half-life.
2001 Mar
Treatment of early onset Parkinson's disease with ropinirole.
2001 Mar
Sleep attacks and antiparkinsonian drugs: a pilot prospective pharmacoepidemiologic study.
2001 May-Jun
Switching from bromocriptine to ropinirole in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease: open label pilot responses to three different dose-ratios.
2001 Nov-Dec
Warfarin and ropinirole interaction.
2001 Oct
Daytime sleepiness and other sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease.
2001 Oct 23
[Use of dopamine agonists in the treatment of Parkinson's disease].
2002
'Sleep attacks' or 'unintended sleep episodes' occur with dopamine agonists: is this a class effect?
2002
Two advances in the management of Parkinson disease.
2002 Aug
[The usefulness of dopaminergic drugs in traumatic brain injury].
2002 Aug 16-31
Restless legs syndrome: treatment with dopaminergic agents.
2002 Feb 26
Long-term studies of dopamine agonists.
2002 Feb 26
Pergolide in the treatment of patients with early and advanced Parkinson's disease.
2002 Jan-Feb
GSK's Requip slow the loss of dopamine function in Parkinson's disease.
2002 Jul
Effect of dopamine receptor agonists on sensory nerve activity: possible therapeutic targets for the treatment of asthma and COPD.
2002 Jun
[Multiple latency test in a patient with episodes of sleep induced by pergolide].
2002 Jun 16-30
Sleep attacks in patients taking dopamine agonists: review.
2002 Jun 22
Is it time to abandon functional imaging in the study of neuroprotection?
2002 Mar
Alopecia induced by dopamine agonists.
2002 Mar 12
Levodopa but not ropinirole induces an internalization of D1 dopamine receptors in parkinsonian rats.
2002 Nov
Do dopamine agonists or levodopa modify Parkinson's disease progression?
2002 Nov
Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. II. Agonist and antagonist properties at subtypes of dopamine D(2)-like receptor and alpha(1)/alpha(2)-adrenoceptor.
2002 Nov
Differential actions of antiparkinson agents at multiple classes of monoaminergic receptor. I. A multivariate analysis of the binding profiles of 14 drugs at 21 native and cloned human receptor subtypes.
2002 Nov
Dosing with ropinirole in a clinical setting.
2002 Oct
Do dopaminergic agents increase the daytime sleep propensity? Article reviewed: Effect of ropinirole on sleep onset. A randomized, placebo-controlled study in healthy volunteers.
2002 Sep
Ropinirole in restless leg syndrome.
2002 Sep-Oct
Comparison of the risk of adverse events with pramipexole and ropinirole in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.
2003
The timing of antiparkinsonian treatment reduction after subthalamic nucleus stimulation.
2003
Dopamine agonists induce episodes of irresistible daytime sleepiness.
2003
Sleep attacks--facts and fiction: a critical review.
2003
[Sexual delinquency and Parkinson's disease].
2003 Apr
Current status of Parkinson's disease treatment in Korea.
2003 Aug
Slowing Parkinson's disease progression: recent dopamine agonist trials.
2003 Feb 11
Ropinirole as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease A short commentary.
2003 Jan
Ropinirole as an adjunct to levodopa in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: a 16-week bromocriptine controlled study.
2003 Jan
Slower progression of Parkinson's disease with ropinirole versus levodopa: The REAL-PET study.
2003 Jul
REAL and CALM: what have we learned?
2003 Jul
Sleep attacks, daytime sleepiness, and dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease.
2003 Jun
The increased utilisation of dopamine agonists and the introduction of COMT inhibitors have not reduced levodopa consumption--a nation-wide perspective in Sweden.
2003 Jun
[Pseudopheochromocytoma in Parkinson disease and depression].
2003 May
High-dose ropinirole in advanced Parkinson's disease with severe dyskinesias.
2003 May-Jun
Potent activation of dopamine D3/D2 heterodimers by the antiparkinsonian agents, S32504, pramipexole and ropinirole.
2003 Nov
Dopamine receptor agonists in current clinical use: comparative dopamine receptor binding profiles defined in the human striatum.
2003 Oct
Current treatment options for restless legs syndrome.
2003 Oct
Clinical strategies to prevent and delay motor complications.
2003 Sep 23
Patents

Sample Use Guides

Parkinson Disease: 0.25 mg PO q8hr for 1 week initially, then increased weekly by 0.25 mg q8hr; if necessary, after week 4, may be increased weekly by 1.5 mg/day up to 9 mg/day, then increased weekly by 3 mg/day up to 24 mg/day Restless Leg Syndrome: 0.25 mg/day PO 1-3 hr before bedtime; after day 2, may be increased to 0.5 mg/day PO; at end of week 1, increased to 1 mg/day, then increased weekly by 0.5 mg/day up to 4 mg/day
Route of Administration: Oral
Human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells were grown to confluence in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s media (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, 100 mkg/mL penicillin, 100 mkg/mL streptomycin, 0.25 mkg/mL amphotericin B, and 0.01 mkM non-essential amino acids (Gibco Grand Island, NY, USA) and then sub-cultured for differentiation in 48 well Costar culture plates. For differentiation, the cells were grown in same media containing 10 mkM retinoic acid for 3 days; then the media was removed and replaced with media containing 160 nM of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 3 days of differentiation. The cells were then administered a range doses of pramipexole, ropinirole and S32504 (10 nM to 1 mM) in DMEM for three days prior to addition of 1 mM MPP+. Following transfer of MPP+ to the media cells were tested every 24 h for 72 h for the cytotoxicity of MPP+ as measured by the MTT and LDH assays which accurately measure different aspects of apoptosis. In addition, we tested for the neuroprotective effects of a fixed dose of each drug (50 mkM) and a range of doses of S32504 on MPP+ induced apoptosis, and the effects of ropinirole alone (1 mM) as measured by DNA laddering.
Name Type Language
ROPINIROLE
INN   MI   USAN   VANDF   WHO-DD  
USAN   INN  
Official Name English
Ropinirole [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
ROPINIROLE [MI]
Common Name English
NARAPIN
Common Name English
SK&F 101468
Code English
ROPITOR
Brand Name English
ROPINIROLE [USAN]
Common Name English
NSC-758917
Code English
ROPINIROLE [VANDF]
Common Name English
ropinirole [INN]
Common Name English
SK&F-101468
Code English
Classification Tree Code System Code
NCI_THESAURUS C38149
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000175768
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
LIVERTOX NBK548175
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
NDF-RT N0000000117
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
WHO-ATC N04BC04
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
WHO-VATC QN04BC04
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
Code System Code Type Description
EPA CompTox
DTXSID8045195
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
WIKIPEDIA
ROPINIROLE
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
LACTMED
Ropinirole
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CHEBI
8888
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NSC
758917
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PRIMARY
USAN
TT-138
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
5095
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
FDA UNII
030PYR8953
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
2402
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
INN
6436
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PRIMARY
MERCK INDEX
m9658
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PRIMARY Merck Index
EVMPD
SUB10380MIG
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PRIMARY
RXCUI
72302
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY RxNorm
DRUG BANK
DB00268
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
IUPHAR
7295
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL589
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C61931
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
MESH
C046649
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
CAS
91374-21-9
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
DAILYMED
030PYR8953
Created by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023 , Edited by admin on Sat Dec 16 15:50:20 GMT 2023
PRIMARY
HSDB
8252
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PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000084378
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PRIMARY