Riboflavin butyrate (a vitamin B2 derivative used widely in Japan) is often an ingredient of multivitamin complexes, used for relief of following symptoms: stomatitis, glossitis, perleche, cheilitis, rough skin, acne, dermatitis, eczema, rash, sores. It is a supply of Vitamins B2 and B6 in the following situations: physical fatigue, pregnancy/lactation, decline of physical strength during or after illness.

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin, which exists in two different forms in nature: vitamin K1 (phylloquinone or phytonadione) and vitamin K2 (menaquinones), a feature of which is a long polyprenyl lateral chain. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is a form of vitamin K2 that occurs naturally in some animal-derived and is available as an ingredient of dietary supplements. A novel method of marking five different cis/trans isomers of vitamin K2 (MK-7) (including 6-CIS form) in dietary supplements recently was developed and validated.

Hederagenin is a triterpenoid saponin. It can inhibit LPS-stimulated expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB. Hederagenin exhibits multiple pharmacological activities in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, antilipid peroxidation, antiplatelet aggregation, liver protection, antidepression, anti-inflammation.

Cytisine ( aka baptitoxine and sophorine) is a naturally occurring alkaloid that can be found in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus of the family Fabaceae. It has been found to be clinically superior to nicotine replacement therapy for the cessation of smoking. It is available in Eastern Europe under the brand names Tabex and Desmoxan and in Canada under the brand name Cravv. However certain undesirable side effects exist, Cytisine can interfere with breathing and cause death (LD50 i.v., in mice, is about 2 mg/kg) and Cytisine is also teratogenic. Cytosine is an α4β2 nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonist. In addition to clinical use as a smoking cessation aid, It has demonstrated anti-depressant effects in mice.