Bifonazole, a substituted imidazole, is a broad-spectrum antimycotic, interferes with sterol biosynthesis. Bifonazole possesses a sequential mode of action, namely inhibition of cytochrome P450-dependent C14-demethylation of sterols and direct inhibition of HMG-CoA-reductase. It possesses a broad spectrum of activity in vitro against dermatophytes, moulds, yeasts, dimorphic fungi and some Gram-positive bacteria. Bifonazole is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for superficial fungal infections of the skin.

Butamisole is an injectable imidazothiazoles anthelmintic. In dogs it is used for the treatment of infections with whipworms (Trichuris vulpis ), and the hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum ). Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. Acts as agonist at nicotinic Ach receptor of nematode à ganglionic stimulation causes sustained muscle contraction initially followed by depolarising neuro muscular blockade which in turn leads to spastic paralysis.

Pidotimod is a synthetic dipeptide with immunomodulatory properties. An immunostimulant used in patients with cell-mediated immunodepression during resp and urinary tract infections. In vitro and in vivo laboratory studies show that treatment with pidotimod causes a significant induction of macrophage and neutrophil polymorphonuclear activity, which is characterized by an increase in spontaneous chemotaxis, superoxide anion production and phagocytosis. Several placebo-controlled trials of the drug have been carried out in various indications such as recurrent respiratory, pharyngotonsillar and urinary infections in children, and in adults with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. For example, in 120 children with recurrent respiratory infections, pidotimod reduced relapse by 35%, hospitalization by 86% and antibiotic use by 47% compared to placebo.

Fosenazide (phosphabenzide, gidifen, hydiphen or hydrazide of diphenylphosphinylacetic acid) is a tranquilizer. It possesses the central N-cholinolytic, antiadrenergic and antiserotonin effects. Fosenazide is prescribed in Russia only for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

Buquinolate is a coccidiostats approved by the U.S. FDA for use in broilers and layers, but later withdrawn from the market.

Flucloxacillin is an isoxazolyl penicillin of the β-lactam group of antibiotics, which exerts a bactericidal effect upon many Gram-positive organisms including β-lactamase-producing staphylococci and streptococci. While no longer used in the United States, Flucloxacillin is supplied under a variety of trade names in other countries, including Floxapen, Flopen, Staphylex. Floxapen is indicated for the treatment of infections due to sensitive Gram-positive organisms, including β-lactamase-producing staphylococci and streptococci. Typical indications including, skin and soft tissue infections; respiratory tract infections; other infections caused by floxapen-sensitive organisms, like example, osteomyelitis, urinary tract infection, septicaemia, endocarditis. Floxapen is also indicated for use as a prophylactic agent during major surgical procedures when appropriate; for example cardiothoracic and orthopaedic surgery. Flucloxacillin, by its action on the synthesis of the bacterial wall, exerts a bactericidal effect on streptococci except those of group D (Enterococcus faecalis) staphylococci. It is not active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci. There is evidence that the risk of flucloxacillin induced liver injury is increased in subjects carrying the HLA-B*5701 allele. Despite this strong association, only 1 in 500-1000 carriers will develop liver injury. Consequently, the positive predictive value of testing the HLA-B*5701 allele for liver injury is very low (0.12%) and routine screening for this allele is not recommended. Flucloxacillin diffuses well into most tissue. Specifically, active concentrations of flucloxacillin have been recovered in bones: 11.6 mg/L (compact bone) and 15.6 mg/L (spongy bone), with a mean serum level of 8.9 mg/L. Flucloxacillin diffuses in only small proportion into the cerebrospinal fluid of subjects whose meninges are not inflamed. It is also excreted in small quantities in mother's milk. In normal subjects approximately 10% of the flucloxacillin administered is metabolised to penicilloic acid. The elimination half-life of flucloxacillin is in the order of 53 minutes.

Vinflunine (Javlor) is the first fluorinated microtubule inhibitor belonging to the Vinca alkaloids family. Vinflunine, at the lowest effective concentrations, interacts with the Vinca alkaloid binding site on tubulin, suppresses microtubule dynamics (switching at microtubule ends between phases of slow growth and rapid shortening) and microtubule treadmilling (growth at the plus end and shortening at the minus end of the microtubule), causes cell cycle arrest which appears on fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis as a G2 + M phase arrest, and is associated with an accumulation of cells in mitosis leading to cell death via apoptosis. Vinflunine has been been approved for advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. Pierre Fabre submitted an extension to the EU authorisation to add treatment of advanced breast cancer.

Cadralazine is an antihypertensive of the hydrazinophthalazine chemical class. In hypertensive patients the optimal effect, based on the antihypertensive efficacy to tolerability ratio, is seen after a 15 mg dose when the drug is administered as monotherapy. When administered in combination with other antihypertensive agents, a 10 mg daily dosage seems appropriate. Noncomparative trials have shown that, in patients who had failed to respond adequately to a beta-blocker and/or diuretic, the addition of cadralazine 10 to 30 mg once daily reduced systolic/diastolic blood pressure by 11 to 19%/13 to 22%. This antihypertensive effect becomes evident over a 2- to 6-week period of therapy and persists during longer term administration. Comparative studies have shown that cadralazine is superior to placebo, and has a similar blood pressure lowering effect to hydralazine, dihydralazine and prazosin in patients not controlled by beta-blocker and/or diuretic but who continued to receive these treatments. Similarly, cadralazine and chlorthalidone were equally effective in reducing blood pressure in resting hypertensive patients but cadralazine shows an advantage in reducing the pressor response in exercising patients. Cadralazine is well tolerated when administered with a beta-blocker or diuretic. Most adverse effects become less frequent and severe with continued use, occur more frequently at dosages of 20 mg/day or more, and do not generally require withdrawal of therapy. Manifestations of the drug's vasodilating properties such as headache, asthenia, dizziness, palpitations and flushing are the most commonly reported symptoms during cadralazine monotherapy, but these may be reduced during combination therapy. The drug does not appear to induce a systemic lupus-like erythematosus syndrome, as may occur with hydralazine, but additional clinical experience is required to completely exclude this possibility. The therapeutic potential of cadralazine cannot be clearly established until the present limited clinical base is expanded to include comparisons with other classes of vasodilating drugs (ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists), and its utility in the management of other indications such as severe hypertension during pregnancy has been adequately explored.

Laquinimod is a new orally available carboxamide derivative, which is currently developed for relapsing remitting (RR) and chronic progressive (CP) forms of multiple sclerosis (MS; RRMS or CPMS) as well as neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanism of action of laquinimod is not fully elucidated because the molecular target is not known. Treatment with laquinimod led to a significant and persistent increase in brain-derived neuroprotective factor (BDNF) serum levels compared to placebo treatment. In human studies, a decrease of pro-inflammatory and an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines have been measured. After commercial launch the unexpected severe cardiac adverse events (AEs) such as serositis, pericarditis, and myocardial infarction were detected.

Mesulfen is a drug that was used for the treatment of seborrhea, seborrheic eczema and acne. Now the drug is presumably withdrawn from the market.